Families Of Victims Research Articles

The Marginalized Speak Back: Suffering, Survival, and Solidarity in the Oral Narratives of Left-Behind Families of Slain Victims of the Philippine Drug War

Abstract Former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte is infamous for his war on drugs campaign, commonly known as Oplan Tokhang, which killed countless members of urban poor communities and left numerous families suffering the consequences of losing a loved one to state violence. This article centers the narratives of ten (10) mothers and wives whose loved ones perished in Duterte’s drug war and who eventually joined the non-government organization called Rise Up for Life and for Rights that opposes drug-related extrajudicial killings and violations. Guided by Ernest Bormann’s Symbolic Convergence Theory, it brings to the surface the prevailing characters, settings, and plotlines embedded in the oral narratives of these left-behind women. Out of these converging elements, it further crafts the rhetorical vision of these women in relation to the brutal death of their beloved and to their own struggles and sufferings. This article throws into light a rhetorical vision that accounts for how families of the victims are no longer simply mothers and wives incapable of resistance and vulnerable to all forms of injustices. Informed, empowered, and open to change, they have realized and actively practice a kind of political agency in the wake of the adversities they faced during Duterte’s presidency and continue to face at present time.

Kajian Fiqh Jinayah Terhadap Hukuman Qishash dalam Kasus Pembunuhan

This study discusses the application of qishash punishment in murder cases according to fiqh jinayah, as well as its impact on the Islamic justice system and society. Qishash, which means proportionate retribution, is a form of punishment regulated in Islamic law for the perpetrator of intentional murder. As a legal concept rooted in the principle of justice, qishash aims to restore social balance and provide a deterrent effect for criminals. However, its application in society is not simple, as there are challenges related to unclear evidence, social and cultural considerations, and criticism of the application of the death penalty in the context of human rights. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to analyze various relevant fiqh and legal texts regarding qishash, as well as real cases that show its application in countries that apply Islamic law. The results of the study show that although qishash is considered a form of justice in Islamic law, its application is faced with problems such as injustice that can arise due to insufficient evidence, as well as controversies related to the death penalty. In addition, the role of the victim's family in choosing between qishash or diyat also shows that there are differences in views influenced by social, cultural, and economic factors. Considering the principles of justice in Islam and the challenges that arise in legal practice, this study concludes that the application of qishash in murder cases needs to be adapted to the times, including in terms of respecting human rights and upholding transparent and fair justice. This research also emphasizes the importance of developing an Islamic criminal law system that is able to accommodate human values without ignoring the principles of justice contained in fiqh jinayah.

PENYELESAIAN HUKUM KEADILAN RESTORATIF TERHADAP PELAKU PENGANIAYAAN

The issues above are rooted in the focus on a criminal act and the justice achieved through resolving a criminal case. The perspective on the meaning of a crime and punishment adopted in the current traditional criminal justice system is that “a crime is a violation of the state, defined by lawbreaking and guilt,” which is rigid and does not allow freedom for victims and perpetrators to resolve their cases. Based on research findings, it is known that the implementation of restorative justice for perpetrators of assault in the jurisdiction of Dumai Police, based on the Regulation of the Indonesian National Police Number 8 of 2021 concerning the Handling of Criminal Acts Based on Restorative Justice, has not been running effectively. Many cases between victims and perpetrators have not reached an agreement, making the process only viable if both parties, the victim and the perpetrator, agree to resolve the issue through restorative justice. The obstacles include the influence of third parties from the victim's family on the victim, the involvement of interested parties in the matter, the lack of understanding of restorative justice among the community, and communication barriers between the perpetrator and the victim. Efforts to overcome these obstacles involve providing input to victims and perpetrators regarding the issue, preventing interference from uninterested parties, increasing public understanding of restorative justice, and improving communication between the perpetrator and the victim.

ANALISIS HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM TERHADAP PUTUSAN BEBAS (VRIJSPRAAK ) (Studi Putusan Nomor 454/PID.B/2024/PN.SBY)

<p>This research aims to analyze acquittal decisions (Vrijspraak) (study decision Number 454/Pid.B/2024/PN.Sby) from the perspective of Islamic Criminal Law and answer the question of whether a judge may decide a case based on his own knowledge. Considering the large number of perpetrators of criminal acts who were acquitted by the judge because based on the results of the trial it was not legally proven and convinced the judge that the defendant had actually committed the crime. This research is normative juridical research sourced from secondary data, collected based on literature studies and then the data is processed and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of the research conclude that from the perspective of Islamic criminal law, the actions of the defendant Gregorius Ronald Tanur in decision Number 454/Pid.B/2024/PN.Sby have fulfilled the elements of semi-intentional murder and the sanction is in the form of diyat (a fine that must be paid to the victim's family either in the form of camels, gold, silver, wheat, goats, and jewelry, according to the predetermined diyat levels) if the judge has doubts about imposing a diyat sentence, the judge can replace the diyat sentence with a ta'zir punishment, namely a punishment that is repressive, preventive, and educative. Judges' decisions based on their own knowledge are completely unacceptable nowadays, because many of today's judges are irresponsible.</p><p><strong>Keyword</strong>: Islamic Criminal Law, acquittal decisions, Vrijspraak</p>

Legal Protection for Child Victims of Crimes According to The Child Criminal Justice System in Indonesia

Children are legal subjects and national assets, but every year, juvenile delinquency always increases. One of the efforts to overcome juvenile delinquency is implementing a juvenile criminal justice system. Law Number 3 of 1997 concerning Juvenile Courts specifically regulates the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia. The philosophical paradigm of Law Number 3 of 1997 adopts a formal legal approach with an emphasis on punishment. The process of punishment given through formal criminal justice placing children in Correctional Institutions has not succeeded in deterring them. This study uses a normative legal approach method, examining secondary data collected using literature studies using a legislative and conceptual approach. The formulation of policies for handling children must be carried out using a restorative justice approach, a settlement process carried out outside the criminal justice system by involving victims, perpetrators, families of victims and perpetrators, the community and those interested in a crime that occurs to reach an agreement and resolution. This policy is based on the fact that the response or reaction of perpetrators of juvenile delinquency is ineffective without the cooperation and involvement of victims, perpetrators and the community. Restorative justice-based legal protection for children as victims in handling legal cases requires child judges at the District Court to conduct diversion before examining criminal cases of children, as ordered by the SPPA Law. Diversion must be carried out within 7 days, involving related parties, according to the terms and conditions stipulated in the SPPA Law.

The Role of Visum Et Repertum In Assisting The Direction Of Criminal Charges In Cases Of Assault Resulting In Loss Of Life In The Sleman District Prosecutor's Office

The act of beating is a phenomenon that is difficult to disappear in social life. A written report made by experts or a Visum et Repertum is needed to find the perpetrators and the cause of the beating. Visum et Repertum play a crucial role in influencing the course of criminal prosecution in cases of battering by strengthening existing evidence. However, to increase its effectiveness as valid evidence in law enforcement, various technical and social challenges still need to be overcome. This study aims to determine the role of Visum Et Repertum in influencing the direction of criminal charges in cases of beating that resulted in loss of life at the Sleman District Attorney's Office and to find out the obstacles of law enforcement officials when making Visum Et Repertum as valid evidence in assisting the direction of criminal charges. The research method used is empirical juridical research, using a statutory approach. The data is arranged systematically and then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that the role of Visum Et Repertum in influencing the direction of criminal charges in cases of beating is to strengthen the evidence even though there is already witness testimony and testimony of the defendant. Visum Et Repertum is also able to provide clarity and grounds for the public prosecutor to increase his confidence to make a criminal charge. Meanwhile, the obstacles of law enforcement officials in making the Visum Et Repertum valid evidence are technical obstacles and also obstacles to rejection from the victim's family, where technical obstacles investigators must wait several days or weeks to get the results of the Visum Et Repertum since the victim was delivered.

Implementation of Restorative Justice on Traffic Accident Crimes Committed by Children in the Legal Area of the Gorontalo City Police

This study aims to determine the Implementation of Restorative Justice in Traffic Accident Crimes Committed by Children in the Gorontalo City Police Department and the Constraining or Inhibiting Factors in the Implementation of Restorative Justice in the Gorontalo City Police Department. This study uses the Juridical Sociological research method, Juridical Sociological is a legal research using secondary data as its initial data, which is then continued with primary data in the field or on the community, examining the effectiveness of a Regulation and research that wants to find a relationship (correlation) between various symptoms or variables, as a data collection tool consisting of document studies or library materials and interviews (questionnaires). The results of the study show; The implementation of restorative justice in resolving traffic accident cases in the Gorontalo City Police Department jurisdiction has been in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations, especially Perpol Number 8 of 2021, which is carried out after a request for a peaceful settlement of the case and an agreement from the perpetrator and victim signed by all parties involved in the traffic accident which is then followed up by investigators until a Termination of Investigation Order is issued. Obstacles or Constraints that arise in the Implementation of restorative justice, namely; first is the legal factor. Then the second is the factor from the perpetrator's and victim's families who have not reached a peace agreement. And the last is the Facilities and Infrastructure Factor. Law enforcers cannot work well if they are not equipped with adequate facilities and infrastructure.

Proof of life: Human remains and memory in the Philippine Drug War

This paper examines the aftermath of the Philippine government’s anti-drug campaign under President Rodrigo Duterte, focusing on the impact on families of victims of extrajudicial killings (EJKs). Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Manila, the research explores how these families navigate loss and attempt to reclaim dignity and humanity for their loved ones. The study reveals the formation of a community of "necro-activists" comprising journalists, religious figures, and medical professionals who support victims’ families in seeking justice and remembrance. Through interviews with photojournalists and victims’ families. This paper highlights the transformative role of human remains in asserting the victims’ agency beyond death. The research shows how forensic processes and religious rituals contribute to the reclamation of individual identities and challenge the state’s dehumanizing narratives. By examining the evolving meanings of EJK victims’ remains, this study sheds light on the broader socio-political implications of state violence and memory-making in the Philippines. The analysis situates this research within a global context of human rights and memory studies, drawing parallels with other regions affected by state-sponsored violence. Ultimately, this paper argues that the remains of EJK victims serve as powerful symbols that challenge state impunity and embody the resilience of communities seeking accountability and dignity amid pervasive violence.

DIREITOS HUMANOS E O AMPARO AS FAMÍLIAS VÍTIMAS DE CRIMES CONTRA A VIDA

The scope of this study is to address human rights – a central aspect of any legal reflection, after all, all rights have an anthropocentric nature – in line with the social and legal support of families whose lives were cut short by violence. In particular, the families of victims of crimes against life. In the wake of this process, the research problem consists of asking how to strengthen means of social and legal protection for “those who remain”, that is, the relatives of victims of completed homicides. The general objective is to reflect on crimes against life from a different perspective of criminal protection: one that focuses not on the life that was cut short, but on the life that, with difficulty, must continue. Hence the importance of a fair investigation, trial, instruction and judgment to ensure that the truth is reconstructed and clarified for the relatives. The methodology used consists of a bibliographic review, carried out in a critical, systemic and integrative manner of the relevant literature, based on an inductive method, explanatory research and a qualitative approach. First, the article discusses the dignity of the human person as a legal- philosophical value. Second, it recognizes the protection of the legal asset “life” as played by criminal law. Third, it analyzes ways to socially and legally protect families of homicide victims. As a result, it is established that the social and legal protection of families of homicide victims requires an integrated and multifaceted approach. First, the dignity of the human person, as a fundamental value, must be central to policies and practices aimed at these families, ensuring that their integrity and rights are preserved and respected throughout the entire judicial process. Second, it is imperative that criminal law, when protecting the legal asset “life”, is not limited to punishing the perpetrator, but also considers the lasting impact on survivors and seeks to offer ongoing support. In addition, the research showed that, in order to strengthen social and legal protection, it is necessary to implement effective mechanisms of psychological, social and legal support, which go beyond palliative measures.

Exploring the Dynamics of Communication in the Handling of Child Victims of Intrafamilial Child Sexual Abuse: A Case Study in the Women's and Children's Protection Technical Implementation Unit, Pekanbaru City Government in Indonesia

This study aims to examine the dynamics of communication in handling intrafamilial child sexual abuse, with a case study of RR, a child victim of sexual abuse by her stepfather and cousin, reported to the Technical Implementation Unit for the Protection of Women and Children (Unit Pelaksana Teknis Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak/UPT PPA) of the Pekanbaru City Government. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. Using the constructivist paradigm and the social construction theory by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, the collected data were analyzed qualitatively to explore how communication patterns and interactions among the involved parties, including the UPT PPA team, the victim, the victim's family, the Social Services, the Police, Legal Aid, orphanages, and other informal parties, build the social reality of child protection for the victim RR. Data sources were selected using purposive sampling based on criteria until saturation was reached. The findings indicate that despite communication barriers and non-cooperation from the family, effective communication and good coordination among all involved parties are crucial to ensuring the recovery and ongoing legal process for the child victim of sexual abuse. An empathetic, sensitive, and collaborative approach can help the victim feel supported and gradually recover from the traumatic experience. Collaboration between institutions plays an essential role in providing protection and social rehabilitation for RR. The dynamics of communication in handling intrafamilial child sexual abuse involve the dialectical processes of externalization, objectification, and internalization among the various parties involved. Received: 30 July 2024 / Accepted: 28 October 2024 / Published: 05 November 2024

ANALISIS BULLYING PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERDATA: STUDI KASUS PEMBULLYAN HINGGA HILANG NYAWA SANTRI DI KOTA KEDIRI

Bullying cases in Indonesia indicate that victims often do not receive adequate protection and assistance. Weak legal protection and slow implementation are major challenges. In civil law itself, personal law is recognized, wherein individuals have rights and obligations that make them legal subjects. One of the rights that bullying victims obtain under civil law is the right to sue and receive compensation. In this journal, the author highlights the case of a student in Kediri city, namely Bintang Balqis Maulana (14), a student at the Al Hanifiyah Islamic Boarding School from Banyuwangi. The author will analyze how Indonesian civil law regulates the case of student abuse that resulted in death and the civil rights to material compensation, thereby demonstrating the importance of restitution mechanisms for the victim's family and the mechanisms used in resolving the case. The method used by the author in writing this journal is descriptive qualitative, focusing on library research to examine the formulation of problems and in-depth analysis based on various reference sources. The importance of highlighting this case is due to the reality that, according to research by the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), around 3,800 bullying cases were reported in Indonesia throughout 2023. Nearly half occurred in educational institutions, including Islamic boarding schools. Keywords: Bullying, civil law, restitution, compensation

Judicial Inefficacies and Legal Inconsistencies in Addressing Honour Killings: A Human Rights Analysis of Pakistan's Legal Framework

In Pakistan, honor killings are tied to consequences, such as property disputes and other difficulties that occur after the death of the victim, as well as to shame and cultural practices. The annual growth in the honour killing justification can be traced to the faulty operation of the state's organs. The media manages to report on the crimes despite the fact that tribal councils are frequently more powerful than courts in Pakistan, where the number of recorded cases is exceptionally low because they typically involve the victim's own family. We undertook the research study to enhance awareness of honour crimes and educate the public, as well as to examine the causes of judicial injustice, the corrupt role of law enforcement, and defective legislation. We have also established that Islam condemns honour killing. Data was acquired with a supplementary technique. The issue arose about the judicial interpretation of a contentious plea, flawed legislation, human rights violations, and obligations, both national and international, notwithstanding notable amendments to criminal law post-2004. Tribal councils currently possess the authority to conduct business autonomously, owing to the comprehensive resolution of legislation, judicial interpretation, and police corruption that contributed to these issues. The flawed legislation highlighted the judges' empathy, as demonstrated by established precedents in their interpretation of provocation grounds that offenders exploit to obtain reduced sentences for egregious offences.

The News Framing Analysis Of Vina's Murder Case On Tvonenews.Com

This research analyzes the news framing of the Vina murder case in tvOnenews.com media using a qualitative method with a descriptive approach through Robert N. Entman's framing analysis model, which divides framing into four categories: problem definition, cause diagnosis, moral judgment, and resolution recommendations. The results showed that tvOnenews.com framed this case as a symbol of the weakness of the Indonesian legal system, with an emphasis on justice and openness in the legal process. The media also highlighted the efforts of the victim's family in seeking justice, and debated various factors causing injustice in this case, including the alleged involvement of unscrupulous people and the possibility of false testimony. This research emphasizes that through intense news framing, tvOnenews.com has attempted to be an agent of social change that encourages the creation of justice and improvement of the legal system in Indonesia. This research provides insight into how the media can frame legal issues to build public opinion and influence people's perceptions.

Human-Wildlife Conflict in Bardia-Banke Complex: Patterns of Human Fatalities and Injuries Caused by Large Mammals.

Human fatalities and injury from wildlife attacks often result in a negative attitude toward conservation. This research was undertaken to investigate the patterns and conflict-causing factors of human killing and injury by large mammals, especially by Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), common leopard (Panthera pardus), and Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in the Bardia-Banke Complex of western Nepal. We collected human death and injury records caused by wildlife in the Bardia-Banke Complex between 2019 and 2023, based on relief applications submitted by the victim's family. Additionally, camera trap monitoring was conducted following incidents of human-tiger and human-leopard conflicts. A total of 76 incidents involving human casualties and injuries were considered for analysis. Incidents of livestock depredation, crop raiding, and property damage were excluded from the analysis. Most of the attacks on humans were caused by tigers (75%), followed by elephants (16%) and leopards (9%). Almost all incidents occurred in daytime (97%). The highest number of conflicts were recorded in 2021, with 20 incidents. Most of the cases (84%) occurred within 1 km of forest edge. Khata corridor and the western side of the Bardia National Park, i.e., Karnali River corridor, were identified as high-conflict areas. The primary causes of the conflict manifested in cattle grazing (28%), grass cutting (28%), firewood collection (11%), fishing (8%), vegetable collection (5%), sand collection (4%), during rescuing friends (3%), grazing captive elephants (3%), highway rides (3%), sleeping in Chaupadi Goth (3%), walking nearby forest areas (3%), playing nearby forest areas (1%), while feeding pig (1%), and working in agricultural lands (1%). To promote human-wildlife coexistence, community-based patrols (33%), habitat restoration (26%), electric fencing (26%), and insurance (7%) were identified as the preferred strategies. Therefore, we recommend that stakeholders and concerned bodies increase awareness among local community about the use of forest resources, wildlife behavior, and human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategies.

Strategies used to deliver bad news to the family of unexpected and sudden death victims: a scoping review protocol.

This scoping review aims to map the strategies used during the communication of bad news to families of unexpected and sudden death victims from the perspective of those receiving the news. The strategies used in communicating a person's death to their family, especially in unexpected and sudden situations, can have a profound impact on the grief management process. This communication is often carried out by a health professional (doctor, nurse, or paramedic), but may also be carried out by a police officer, depending on the context in which the situation has occurred (in or out of hospital). This scoping review will include studies on families of victims of unexpected and sudden death. All studies focusing on the strategies used to communicate bad news of unexpected and sudden death face to face, implemented by any professional in an intra-hospital or extra-hospital context, from the perspective of those who received the news, will be considered. This review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. An initial search will be conducted, followed by a second search for published and unpublished studies in major health-related electronic databases. Studies published in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese will be included, with no geographical, cultural, or time limits. Data selection, extraction, and synthesis will be performed independently by 2 reviewers and will include details of populations, study methods, and strategies used. A narrative synthesis will accompany the results and describe how they relate to the objectives of the review. Open Science Framework https://osf.io/4rhw3.

Indirect victims of violence: Mental health and the close relatives of serious assault victims in England

An extensive body of evidence shows the impact of being the direct victim of a serious assault. However, much less is known about the impact on the family and close relatives of victims, who may be considered indirect victims. Based on analyses of the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, a face-to-face, cross-sectional probability-sample survey of 7519 adults aged 16 and over in England, this article estimates what proportion of the population was closely related to a victim of serious assault, and whether this experience was associated with a higher prevalence of feeling unsafe, depression and anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress, self-harm, and suicidality. Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for complex survey design and potentially confounding factors. Results show that one in twenty adults (4.5%, n = 345) was closely related to a victim of serious assault (95% confidence interval (CI):4.0–5.2%). Close adult relatives of assault victims were more likely than the rest of the population to have been direct victims of violence and abuse themselves, to have experienced multiple other adversities, and to live in more deprived neighbourhoods. However, even when controlling for these experiences, relatives of victims had adjusted odds of feeling unsafe in the neighbourhood where they lived 2.36 times higher than the rest of the population (CI:1.26–4.44), and their odds of having a depressive or anxiety disorder were 1.37 times higher (0.99–1.90). These analyses indicate that relatives in England may already be vulnerable, with potential to also be further affected by the experiences of family members. To more fully account for the effects of violence in society, research with indirect victims of serious violence in the context of their own experiences of direct victimization and wider adversities is required. This could be factored into a broader remit for victim support services which includes support for victims’ families.

Peran Pendampingan Pastoral dalam Pemulihan Trauma Keluarga Korban Longsor di Palangka dengan Pendekatan Spiritual-Psikologis

This study aims to explore the role of pastoral care in the recovery of trauma experienced by landslide victim families in Palangka. Pastoral care, which combines spiritual and psychological approaches, is expected to provide holistic support to victim families in their recovery process. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach to analyze the experiences and perceptions of victim families and the pastoral caretakers involved. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that pastoral care plays an important role in providing emotional and spiritual support, strengthening mental resilience, and helping victim families cope with loss and trauma. The spiritual-psychological approach applied by pastoral caretakers helps rebuild hope, reduce stress, and accelerate the healing process. This study highlights the importance of integrating spiritual and psychological support in post-disaster interventions to improve the mental and emotional well-being of victims.

The ‘Secret Killings’ in Assam: Counterinsurgency and Censoring Perpetrator Information

In the late 1990s, a protracted armed conflict between the Indian government and the insurgent organization, United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) in the Northeast Indian state of Assam escalated to include ‘secret killings’ of family members, close aides, and sympathizers of ULFA among its many violent manifestations. The killers primarily targeted insurgents’ families to persuade their underground kin to surrender, and to create fear among community members who sympathized with the movement or sheltered its cadres. The 2007 report of the Justice K. N. Saikia Commission pointed out the role of the surrendered insurgents, and the state police behind the secret killings, where the army was kept in the loop in some cases. Surprisingly, over 300 people were killed between 1998 and 2001 under common circumstances but no one was convicted. This article describes the challenges I faced in conducting ethnographic fieldwork on this sensitive event, which continues to draw political and media attention in the region. I focus on the challenges of interviewing survivors, families of victims, and police officers about the secret killings in Assam. I particularly reflect on my fieldwork experience of what to ask, what to write and what to censor about my participants, and consider the ethical dimension of making those decisions. I argue that these decisions were often made spontaneously in response to emergent situations and my ethical principles. I let the responses of my participants guide me in the field, and did not carry any predetermined strategies to guide the interviews.

Perceptions, attitudes, and experiences of domestic violence among Vietnamese university students

BackgroundIn Vietnam, domestic violence (DV) is recognized as an intentional act of causing physical, mental, sexual, or economic harm among family members. Despite legislative efforts, DV remains prevalent, significantly impacting women's mental and physical health. Traditional beliefs and cultural norms further entrench DV, particularly among women and children, necessitating an understanding of perceptions and attitudes toward DV. MethodsThis exploratory cross-sectional study surveyed 81 Vietnamese university students to assess their perceptions, attitudes, and personal experiences of DV. Survey data was collected online and analyzed using descriptive statistics. ResultsThe study found high awareness of DV, with most participants recognizing physical and psychological violence, while less awareness was noted for economic abuse. A majority perceived DV as fairly common (57%) and highly common (37%). Most participants attributed DV to alcoholism (93%), drug addiction (93%), and poverty or social exclusion (90%). Roughly half of the participants had friends or family victims who were victims (53%) or perpetrators (46%) of DV. Despite general knowledge of DV laws, many were unaware of specific legal and social support mechanisms. Notably, while most participants found DV unacceptable and should always be punishable by law (64%), actual reporting and intervention rates were low, with significant gaps in support awareness. ConclusionsThe findings highlight a substantial awareness of DV among Vietnamese university students but also reveal critical gaps in understanding and addressing economic abuse and available support systems. There is a need for enhanced education and accessibility of resources to effectively combat DV and support survivors, especially for young adults who would soon explore marriage and family lives.

Peranan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat SPEK-HAM Surakarta dalam memberikan layanan bantuan hukum pada Perempuan korban kekerasan seksual

This research aims to determine: (1) The role of the non-governmental organization SPEK-HAM Surakarta in providing legal aid services to women victims of sexual violence, (2) The obstacles faced by the non-governmental organization SPEK-HAM Surakarta in providing legal aid services to women victims of sexual violence. This study used qualitative research methods. In this research, the results were obtained in the form of: (1) The role of the Non-Governmental Organization SPEK-HAM Surakarta in providing legal aid services to women victims of sexual violence, namely (1) Receiving SPEK-HAM Case Complaint Reports; (2) Approach to Victims and Legal Consultation; (3) Mediation; (4) Legal Assistance. 2) The obstacles experienced are (1) During the mediation process, if the case is continued to the realm of law, the victim's family is also involved in the case, overcome by mediation accompanied by compensation, (2) the lack of perspective from the Police towards women victims of sexual violence is overcome by providing education and understanding for the police so they can handle cases of sexual violence based on the victim's perspective.