Family Of Origin Scale Research Articles

Causal association between family health, perceived relationship quality components, and attitudes toward childbearing in Iranian women: A WHO model analysis.

Given the unprecedented global decline in fertility as a major demographic development in recent years, the present study was conducted to determine Causal association Between Family Health, Perceived Relationship Quality Components, and Attitudes toward Childbearing in Iranian Women: A WHO Model Analysis METHODS: In 2023, this descriptive study recruited 400 married women presenting to selected comprehensive health centers affiliated to Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. The data were collected through multistage stratified cluster sampling and using a socioeconomic status questionnaire (Ghodratnama), the Perceived Relationship Quality Components (PRQC) scale, the family-of-origin scale (FOS), the attitudes toward fertility and childbearing scale (AFCS) and a demographic checklist were analyzed in SPSS 25 and LISREL 8.8. According to the path analysis, family health exerted the most significant and positive causal effect on attitudes to childbearing directly through one path (B=0.334) and relationship quality (B=0.698) and duration of married life (B=0.387) both directly and indirectly. The number of children (B=-0.057), however, exerted the most significant and negative causal effect on attitudes to childbearing through both paths. The present findings suggested the significant effects of family health and relationship quality on attitudes toward childbearing. It is therefore recommended that these variables be screened in comprehensive health centers, the associated limitations and problems be identified and appropriate training and counseling solutions be provided by health specialists.

Adaptation of the Turkish Family of Origin Scale and the Development of Parallel Short Forms

ABSTRACT There is a growing body of research in counseling-related fields that investigates the influence of the family of origin experience as a determinant for family patterns. We examined the psychometric properties of the Family of Origin Scale (FOS) in a Turkish sample to establish its applicability as a research tool and proposed a two parallel short version of the FOS. We addressed these objectives in two different studies. The purpose of these studies was to examine the applicability, validity, and reliability of these two FOS in a Turkish samples. In the first study, because of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses conducted with two other sample groups of university students, it was found that the theoretically proposed factor structure of the FOS needed to be supported in the Turkish sample. A reliable and valid single-factor structure was obtained in the Turkish-adapted version. In the second study, two short forms, each with 20 items, were created and applied to two different sample groups of university students. Both forms, each measuring intimacy and autonomy, had a single-factor structure and showed a strong and significant correlation with each other and the 40-item FOS. The outcomes of the present investigation indicate a strong and statistically significant link between the shortened and comprehensive forms of the FOS contributing to the assessment in marital family therapy.

Sexual Objectification in Family of Origin Scale: Development and Psychometric Evaluation

Sexual Objectification in Family of Origin Scale: Development and Psychometric Evaluation

The perception of relations in the family of origin of patients with eating disorders and the perception of relations in families of origin of their parents.

Analysis of the correlation between the assessment of current family relations in families of patients diagnosed with eating disorders and the assessment of the relations in the family of origin of their parents. 54 female patients with restrictive anorexia nervosa, 22 female patients with binge-purge anorexia, 36 female patients with bulimia. Two control groups were included: 36 female patients with depressive disorders and 85 schoolgirls from Krakow. The study also covered the girls' parents. Family of Origin Scale and FAM Family Assessment Measure (Polish version). In the families of schoolgirls from Krakow better evaluation of the experience of intimacy and autonomy in the family of origin of parents of the investigated girls was associated with their and their children more favourable perception of relations in the present nuclear family. What proved particularly significant were perception of transgenerational experiences of the fathers. Only a few statistically significant correlations were observed in all clinical groups. In the parents of the investigated patients a weak correlation was observed between the current marital relations perception and transgenerational experiences evaluation and a significant correlation between parents' transgenerational experience evaluation and the assessment of the relations with their daughters. No specific correlations were found between the perception of the transgenerational experience of parents and evaluation of current relations in the nuclear family of their children with eating disorders. The results in the group with eating disorders suggest that the relations between parents and daughters are more intense than marital relations.

The Family-of-Origin Scale: A Psychometric Review and Factor Analytic Study

The Family-of-Origin Scale (FOS) is a 40-item rating scale in which respondents provide a retrospective assessment of the family in which they were raised. While the FOS was found to be psychometrically sound, there has been a history of controversy about the scale’s factor structure. A recent study published in this journal (Petrogiannis & Softas-Nall, 2010) found a seven factor solution for the FOS. After reviewing the research on the FOS, including factor analytic studies, we present and interpret the results of a factor analysis based on data obtained from a U.S. university sample in which nine factors emerged.

Conflict Resolution and Relational Patterns in the Families of Origin of Women and Men

Conflict Resolution and Relational Patterns in the Families of Origin of Women and Men The aim of the studies was to seek an answer to the following question: Which relationship patterns correlate with different conflict resolution strategies in women's and men's intimate relationships? The subjects were 56 engaged couples (aged 19-37) answering Conflict Resolution Strategy Questionnaires, Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaires and The Family of Origin Scale. The network of correlations between conflict resolution strategies and relationship patterns is more complex for women than for men. In the women's group, the correlation connects constructive strategies (dialogue and loyalty) foremost with patterns defining intimacy (or its components). However, destructive strategies (exit and neglect) are related to patterns definitive of individuation levels in the family of origin, independence and position. In the men's group, however, the correlation connects conflict resolution strategies (constructive and destructive) to relationship patterns definitive of partner relations. Furthermore, constructive strategies are associated with lower intergeneration triangulation intensity and higher intergenerational intimidation intensity.

Childhood perceptions of family, social support, parental alcoholism, and later alcohol use among African American college students

This study investigated differences in alcohol use, family of origin, and social support between a sample of adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs, 25 males and 25 females), and a sample of adult children of non-alcoholics (non-ACOAs, 25 males and 25 females). Participants completed a battery of tests: a demographic questionnaire, the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test, the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, the Family of Origin Scale, and the Dimension of Social Support Scale. Analysis of variance revealed that the two groups differed on alcohol consumption and family of origin, with ACOAs reporting significantly less alcohol use, and non-ACOAs reporting healthier families of origin. The findings indicate that not all ACOAs abuse alcohol or struggle with social or behavioural problems.

The Family of Origin Scale in Greece

The present study examined the factor structure of the Family of Origin Scale (FOS) with a Greek population. A 7-factor solution using principal components analysis with oblique (oblimin) rotation emerged. The findings in general support the psychometric properties of the FOS, which may be used for research purposes in Greece.

Perceived Relationships with Parents and Paranoid Delusions: Comparisons of Currently Ill, Remitted and Normal Participants

Background: Paranoid delusions are associated with abnormal attributions and abnormal beliefs about the self. Some researchers have also reported an association between paranoid beliefs and abnormal attachment representations. Sampling and Methods: Perceptions of relationships with the family of origin were measured in 14 currently ill paranoid patients, 9 remitted paranoid patients and 15 healthy controls, using two methods: the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and the Relationship with Family of Origin Scale (REFAMOS), an interview-based assessment. Results and Conclusions: On the PBI, both currently ill and remitted patients reported low parental care and overprotectiveness during childhood. Similar negative accounts of relationships with parents during the 16–20 years age period, and also at the time of assessment, were elicited from both the ill and remitted patients on the REFAMOS. These findings might reflect the influence of illness on patients’ perceptions of their parents. However, the fact that the remitted patients did not differ from the currently ill patients raises the possibility that dysfunctional relationships are a common feature of the history of paranoid patients, perhaps contributing to the development of paranoid thinking.

Marriage, Child Abuse, and Sexual Revictimization

The purpose of this study was to identify childhood history and personality variables that may serve as vulnerability factors for sexual revictimization. Three hundred forty-one undergraduate females completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Family of Origin Scale, Silencing the Self Scale, Sexual Experiences Survey, and a dating behaviors inventory. Different rates of revictimization were found for women who were currently or had ever been married, even when controlling for age differences. Multiple regression was used to examine the relationship between revictimization, demographics, child maltreatment, personality, and behavioral variables. For the whole sample, child physical abuse, child sexual abuse, dating behaviors, marital status (ever married) and age (younger) were related to revictimization. When separate models were developed for single versus ever-married participants, different variables emerged as predictors for ever-married versus single women. The results have implications for research, treatment, and prevention of sexual revictimization.

Parenting style and adolescent smoking.

To investigate whether parenting style is an independent risk factor of smoking initiation and experimentation among adolescents, and whether there is a relationship between parenting style and readiness to quit, or nicotine dependence among smokers. The 84-item Health and Smoking Questionnaire, which assesses demographics, smoking status and smoking history, perceptions of risk and risk reduction, risk factors for tobacco use, and parenting style, was administered to 816 adolescents in grades 7 to 12 (mean age, 15.1 years) of whom 22.6% (n = 182) were smokers. Parenting style was measured by the brief, non-retrospective version of the Family of Origin Scale (FOS). Higher scores on the FOS indicated more positive perceived parenting style with high levels of intimacy and autonomy, characteristics of healthy parent-child relationships. Data were analyzed using a model-building approach to logistic regression with demographic and other psychosocial variables in the first two steps, and with parenting style as the last step. Results from two logistic regression models indicate that although parenting style is not a significant risk factor for smoking experimentation [odds ratio (OR) =.998; confidence interval (CI) =.977-1.019; p =.820], it is a significant independent risk factor for smoking initiation (OR =.950; CI =.930-.970; p =.000). Smokers who were more ready to quit had higher parenting style scores than those who were not ready to quit, and smokers who had made a serious quit attempt (an indicator of nicotine addiction) had higher parenting style scores than those who had not made a quit attempt. Moreover, nonsmokers who reported they would smoke a cigarette if their best friend offered had significantly lower parenting style scores than those who reported they would not smoke a cigarette. Additional research on parenting style and its impact on adolescent smoking with a more economically and ethnically diverse sample is warranted. If future research confirms the strength of the relationship between parenting style and adolescent smoking, teaching positive parenting, including facilitating intimate yet autonomous relationships, may be considered as part of smoking prevention and cessation programs.

Listening to Men's Stories: Overcoming Obstacles to Intimacy from Childhood

This article analyzes the interviews of five men who came from abusive or otherwise unhealthy families to understand how they were able to overcome obstacles from their childhood to be more intimate with their own families. The five respondents were chosen from a sample of 103 White, married men ranging in age from 40 to 50 based on their extreme high scores on the Miller Social Intimacy Scale and their extreme low scores on the Family of Origin Scale. Content analysis of interviews allowed themes to emerge that revealed how the five men were able to change their life stories. Their responses fall into three categories that are explored in this paper: (1) childhood role models and alternative caregivers, (2) childhood friends, and (3) transforming experiences in later life. Interview excerpts provide examples of each category. Narrative analysis provided a deeper understanding of the interviews by exploring how the men used language to convey meaning. Attention was paid to the words the men chose, pauses, tone and delivery of speech, and metaphors. Noticing the details of language and how people story their lives adds to knowledge about clients.

Relationship with Family of Origin Scale (REFAMOS). Interrater reliability and associations with childhood experiences.

Family relationships in the transition from childhood to adult life may be important mediators of risk and resilience for adult psychopathology. To develop a reliable and valid measure of the quality of relationships with each parent in young adults. Interrater reliability of the Relationship with Family of Origin Scale (REFAMOS) was assessed from audio-taped interviews with 59 subjects. Age-related trends and associations with recalled childhood relationships were examined in survivors of childhood cancer and their controls (n = 178). Intraclass correlation coefficients were in the range 0.69-0.95, and kappa values 0.80-0.82. Indices of current closeness to mothers were negatively correlated with age of subject and positively correlated with recalled maternal care in childhood. Negative qualities in current relationships were correlated with recalled overprotection. The REFAMOS has good interrater reliability, and shows the predicted age-related trends in scores and associations with recalled childhood relationships.

Relational Perceptions in Mother-Daughter Attachments

ABSTRACT Two-hundred-twenty-one matched pairs of post-adolescent females (Mean age = 20.2) and their mothers (Mean age = 46.5) participated in a study to examine the relational perceptions of mother-daughter attachments by evaluating their perceptions of reported autonomy, intimacy, conflict, self-esteem and quality of relationship. Results indicated that mothers and daughters differed significantly on one measure of autonomy (Family of Origin Scale) and conflict (Mother-Daughter Conflict Scale). No differences between mothers and daughters were found for measures of attachment, intimacy and self-esteem. Findings suggest close attachments yet differences reflective of individuation.

Parental Alcoholism and Percieved Levels of Family Health Among College Freshmen

This study investigated the influence of parental alcoholism on 593 freshman students at an urban, non-residential, southeastern university to determine how collegiate children of alcoholics (COAs), problem drinkers, and non-alcoholics (nonCOAs) differed in their perceptions of family health as indicated by the Family of Origin Scale (FOS). These three groups of offspring differed significantly in their perception of family health as measured by the scale's constructs of autonomy and intimacy and on various items within each construct. Children of alcoholics and problem drinkers scored lower on each construct and its related items, indicating that COAs perceived their families as less healthy when compared to the perceptions of children of non-alcoholics.

Researchers discover what they already knew about validity: The case of the family-of-Origin Scale

This article is concerned with two recnet studies of the Family-of-Origin Scale (FOS), Gavin and Wamboldt (1992) and Ryan, Kawash, Fine, and Powel (1994). The external validity analyses conducted for the FOS in these studies assumed the scale to be a unidemsional measure. The present discussion centers on methodological decisions and interpretive strategies that may have prevented a more complete understanding of the scale's dimensional structure and theoretical meaning. It is concluded that a unidimensional view of the FOS is an oversimplification that is inconsistent with the available data. A case is made for a more comprehensive and technically adequate evaluation of the FOS. Specific suggestions are offered.

Early family experiences and helping behaviors of physical therapists.

Ineffective or excessive helping behavior may encourage helpee dependence and overextension of helper resources. Early family experiences and perceptions of the helpee's situation both contribute to the expression of helping behavior in health professionals. The purpose of this study was to determine how early family experiences and variations in perceived patient responsibility influence physical therapist helping behavior. Five hundred physical therapists were surveyed by mail, resulting in a final sample of 221 (44%) respondents who completed the Family of Origin Scale (FOS), measuring the nature of their early family experiences, and a Helping Questionnaire, measuring their helping behavior, perceptions of replaceability, and feelings of compassion for four hypothetical patients. The four patients represented Brickman's models of helping and coping, varying in high and low responsibility for the problem and high and low responsibility for the solution to the problem. Subjects who scored in the dysfunctional or neutral ranges on the FOS had lower scores on their willingness to help and feelings of compassion than did subjects who scored in the functional range on the FOS. Regardless of early family experiences, subjects' scores were higher for willingness to help and feelings of compassion and lower in their perceptions of replaceability for patients who were not thought to be responsible for their medical problem (medical and compensatory models). In contrast, subjects' scores were lower for their willingness to help and feelings of compassion and higher in their perceptions of replaceability when patients were felt to be responsible for their medical problem (enlightenment and moral models). All subjects, regardless of early family experience, showed helping responses that linked feelings of compassion with greater tendencies to help. Variations in perceived patient responsibility for the medical problem, rather than early family experience, appears to be a major determinant in motivating both compassion and helping behavior. Thus, helpers may be more likely to overextend themselves or create patient dependence when patients are perceived to be not responsible for the cause of their problem. [Curtis KA, Davis CM, Trimble TK, Papoulidis DK. Early family experiences and helping behaviors of physical therapists.

Parallel short forms of the family of origin scale: Evidence of their reliability and validity

Two parallel short forms of the Family of Origin Scale were developed from data provided by 69 women and 63 men who completed the full Family of Origin Scale along with a variety of measures of family-of-origin characteristics. Data on the reliability and validity of the short forms are provided and discussed. The results indicate that both short forms are strongly and significantly correlated with each other and with the full-scale version of the FOS and that they share its reliability and validity characteristics to a very high degree.

FACTOR STRUCTURE OF THE FAMILY‐OF‐ORIGIN SCALE: DOES THIS SCALE MEASURE WHAT ITS CREATORS SAY IT DOES?

The factor structure of the Family‐of‐Origin Scale (FOS) was examined. The FOS is a 40‐item instrument devised to measure perceptions of health in the family of origin. Subjects were 162 gay and bisexual males. A confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine the similarities of the factor structure obtained in the present study with those proposed theoretically by the test authors. The results supported the notion that the FOS is comprised of a single underlying construct that may be represented by bipolar items. It was concluded that the findings do not support the theoretically proposed factor structure of the FOS and that the value of the FOS is suspect.

A SCALE IN SEARCH OF A CONSTRUCT: COMMENTS ON GAVIN AND WAMBOLDT

The article examines some issues raised in Gavin and Wamboldt's (1992) recent study on the Family‐of‐Origin Scale (FOS) (Hovestadt, Anderson, Piercy, Cochran, & Fine, 1985). The discussion centers on unresolved concerns regarding the validity and utility of the FOS and on unsubstantiated and potentially misleading claims made in the Gavin and Wamboldt article. A case is made for conceptual and methodological precision in the study of family phenomena.