General Family Research Articles

Sperm models in European Plecoptera

Systematic issues regarding Plecoptera are still debated, and the molecular data seem to be unable to definitively clarify the relationships within the order. Spermatozoa are under constant evolutionary pressure, and comparative spermatology can be useful in carrying systematic and phylogenetic information. In the present paper we describe the sperm structure, using light, scanning and transmission electron and immunofluorescence microscopy, of six Euholognatha species belonging to genera not analyzed in our previous studies, i.e. Capnopsis, Amphinemura, Rhabdiopteryx, Tyrrhenoleuctra, Zwicknia and Protonemura. The spermatozoa of all the species examined are fîliform and have a flagellum characterized by an axoneme with 9 + 9+2 pattern and two mitochondrial derivatives. Their ultrastructure shows a degree of heterogeneity within the order. On the contrary, morphological features of sperm are well conserved inside a single Euholognathan family, and the species share a general family sperm model, even if different interspecific or intergeneric characters can be identified and used for systematic inferences. Among Nemouroidea, Taeniopterygidae, showing a peculiar sperm model, seems to have an isolated phylogenetic position. Nemouridae, with a mono-layered acrosome, are isolated among the remaining families, while we can hypothesize a sister taxa relationship between Leuctridae and Capniidae. As regards Perloidea, the sperm characters suggest a closer relationship between Chloroperlidae and Perlodidae, rather than between Perlidae and Perlodidae, as commonly hypothesized.

Ordering properties of parallel and series systems with a general lifetime family of distributions for independent components under random shocks

Often, reliability systems suffer shocks from external stress factors, stressing the system at random. These random shocks may have non ignorable effects on the reliability of the system. In this article, we provide sufficient (and necessary) conditions on components’ lifetimes and their survival probabilities from random shocks for comparing the lifetimes of two parallel systems with independent components by means of usual stochastic and reversed hazard rate orders, when the matrix of parameters changes to another matrix in a mathematical sense. We also discuss stochastic comparisons of series systems with independent components under random shocks in the sense of usual stochastic and hazard rate orders, by using the concept of vector majorization and related orders. The results developed in this article generalize some known results in the literature.

The Relationship Between Parental and Family Functioning and Post-Concussive Symptoms After Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.

This scoping review aimed to address the following questions: (1) Does mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) result in more parental distress or poorer family functioning than other injuries? (2) Does pre-injury or acute parental distress and family functioning predict post-concussive symptoms (PCS) after mTBI? and (3) Do acute PCS predict later parental distress and family functioning? The subjects of this review were children/adolescents who had sustained an mTBI before age 18 and underwent assessment of PCS and parent or family functioning. MEDLINE®, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched to identify original, empirical, peer-reviewed research published in English. PCS measures included parent- and child-reported symptom counts and continuous scales. Parent and family measures assessed parental stress, psychological adjustment, anxiety, psychiatric history, parent-child interactions, family burden, and general family functioning. A total of 11,163 articles were screened, leading to the inclusion of 15 studies, with 2569 participants (mTBI = 2222; control = 347). Collectively, the included articles suggest that mTBI may not result in greater parental distress or poorer family functioning than other types of injuries. Pre-injury or acute phase parental and family functioning appears to predict subsequent PCS after mTBI, depending on the specific family characteristic being studied. Early PCS may also predict subsequent parental and family functioning, although findings were mixed in terms of predicting more positive or negative family outcomes. The available evidence suggests that parent and family functioning may have an important, perhaps bidirectional, association with PCS after pediatric mTBI. However, further research is needed to provide a more thorough understanding of this association.

Derivative-Informed Neural Operator: An efficient framework for high-dimensional parametric derivative learning

We propose derivative-informed neural operators (DINOs), a general family of neural networks to approximate operators as infinite-dimensional mappings from input function spaces to output function spaces or quantities of interest. After discretizations both inputs and outputs are high-dimensional. We aim to approximate not only the operators with improved accuracy but also their derivatives (Jacobians) with respect to the input function-valued parameter to empower derivative-based algorithms in many applications, e.g., Bayesian inverse problems, optimization under parameter uncertainty, and optimal experimental design. The major difficulties include the computational cost of generating derivative training data and the high dimensionality of the problem leading to large training cost. To address these challenges, we exploit the intrinsic low-dimensionality of the derivatives and develop algorithms for compressing derivative information and efficiently imposing it in neural operator training yielding derivative-informed neural operators. We demonstrate that these advances can significantly reduce the costs of both data generation and training for large classes of problems (e.g., nonlinear steady state parametric PDE maps), making the costs marginal or comparable to the costs without using derivatives, and in particular independent of the discretization dimension of the input and output functions. Moreover, we show that the proposed DINO achieves significantly higher accuracy than neural operators trained without derivative information, for both function approximation and derivative approximation (e.g., Gauss–Newton Hessian), especially when the training data are limited.

Using Fun and Consistent Recognition to Establish a Positive Health-Care Workforce Culture in Pandemic Times and Beyond

The COVID-19 pandemic caused stress and challenges for every aspect of health-care services around the globe. Health-care workers especially faced severe burnout and psychological fatigue under immense pressure, long hours and high patient acuity and mortality. To provide recognition to health-care heroes who worked through these challenges, Tampa General Hospital's (TGH) Patient and Family Engagement Department initiated the Gumby Award, a monthly honor awarded to a health-care team at TGH that has demonstrated resilience, flexibility and world-class care. Three years later, Gumby has become a guiding principle at TGH, exemplifying the importance of creating and supporting positive, culture and recognition among health-care teams.

Nonequilibrium Full Counting Statistics and Symmetry-Resolved Entanglement from Space-Time Duality.

Owing to its probabilistic nature, a measurement process in quantum mechanics produces a distribution of possible outcomes. This distribution-or its Fourier transform known as full counting statistics (FCS)-contains much more information than say the mean value of the measured observable, and accessing it is sometimes the only way to obtain relevant information about the system. In fact, the FCS is the limit of an even more general family of observables-the charged moments-that characterize how quantum entanglement is split in different symmetry sectors in the presence of a global symmetry. Here we consider the evolution of the FCS and of the charged moments of a U(1) charge truncated to a finite region after a global quantum quench. For large scales these quantities take a simple large-deviation form, showing two different regimes as functions of time: while for times much larger than the size of the region they approach a stationary value set by the local equilibrium state, for times shorter than region size they show a nontrivial dependence on time. We show that, whenever the initial state is also U(1) symmetric, the leading order in time of FCS and charged moments in the out-of-equilibrium regime can be determined by means of a space-time duality. Namely, it coincides with the stationary value in the system where the roles of time and space are exchanged. We use this observation to find some general properties of FCS and charged moments out of equilibrium, and to derive an exact expression for these quantities in interacting integrable models. We test this expression against exact results in the Rule 54 quantum cellular automaton and exact numerics in the XXZ spin-1/2 chain.

Specializations of a generic rank-2 curve of Shioda

In a paper from twenty years ago, Brown and Myers proved the clean and uniform result that if m>1 is an integer, then every curve of the form y2=x3−x+m2 has Mordell-Weil rank at least 2. In this article, we further our investigation into the more general family of curves, in which the polynomial x3−x is replaced by an arbitrary cubic which is squarefree and has three integral roots. In particular, a new strategy will unveil a subfamily of curves with surprisingly large average rank, and one startling example.

A comparative study of MOND and MOG theories versus the κ-model: an application to galaxy clusters

Many models have been proposed to minimize the dark matter (DM) content in various astronomical objects at every scale in the Universe. The most widely known model is MOdified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). MOND was first published by Mordehai Milgrom in 1983. A second concurrent model is modified gravity, which is a covariant scalar–tensor–vector extension of general relativity. Other theories also exist but have not been broadly applied to a large list of astronomical objects. Eventually, we can also mention the Newtonian fractional-dimension gravity, a gravity theory based on spaces with fractional (i.e., non-integer) dimension. A new model, called κ-model, based on very elementary phenomenological considerations, has recently been proposed in the astrophysics field. This model shows that the presence of DM can be considerably minimized with regard to the dynamics of galaxies. The κ-model belongs to the general family of theories descended from MOND. Under this family of theories, there is no need to develop a highly uncertain DM sector of physics to explain the observations.

US Pediatric Primary Care Physician Workforce in Rural Areas, 2010 to 2020

This cross-sectional study examines the growth and distribution of the general pediatrician and family medicine physician workforce from 2010 to 2020 across the US and identifies the sociodemographic characteristics of counties lacking this workforce.

Fermi equation of state with finite temperature corrections in quantum space-times approach: Snyder model vs GUP case

We investigate the impact of the deformed phase space associated with the quantum Snyder space on microphysical systems. The general Fermi–Dirac equation of state and specific corrections to it are derived. We put emphasis on non-relativistic degenerate Fermi gas as well as on the temperature-finite corrections to it. Considering the most general one-parameter family of deformed phase spaces associated with the Snyder model allows us to study whether the modifications arising in physical effects depend on the choice of realization. It turns out that we can distinguish three different cases with radically different physical consequences.

Effect of reduction method on the performance a software defined network system using Gumbel Hougaard family copula distribution

This study examines a system that consists of three subsystems 1, 2 and 3. These three subsystems are each linked together in series. Subsystem 1’s three units are wired in series, subsystem 2’s three units are wired in parallel and operating under the 2-out-of-3: G; policy, and subsystem 3’s three units are wired in parallel and operating under the 1-out-of-3: G; policy. Units and subsystems failure rates are constant and follow an exponential distribution. The repair rate follow two types of distributions, namely general and Gumbel Hougaard family copula distribution. The system was studied using Laplace transforms and supplementary variable methods. For specific values of the failure and repair rates, availability, reliability, mean time to failure (MTTF), and cost analysis have been assessed. As a means to improve the system’s overall effectiveness and availability, a reduction strategy is utilized. Tables and graphs are used to display computed results.

Sociology of Gender, Social Cohesion and Cultural Diversity Struggles of Susu-Guinean Emigrants in Kambia District, Northern Sierra Leone

Following the dawning of democracy in Guinea-Conakry, wide-ranging transformations have occurred in many sectors of the Guinean society. While many positive transformations have occurred in the current dispensation; however, the assurance of democracy has not been positively engaged. The aspiration for cultural collectivity and confide in the government method seems to be abstract to which many are still endeavoring. The historic devastation in the Guinean economy and the turbulent nature of the country’s politics since the year 2020-2021 triggered a massive exodus that swelled the Kambia District population, particularly in Northern Sierra Leone. The influx of Susu-Guineans in the Kambia District, Northern Sierra Leone, triggered cultural diversity challenges. These involved social cohesion and assimilation. Though some academics have scanned the impact of immigration on social cohesion and assimilation in the current society, little is known about how Susu-Guineans established in many sectors of the Kambia District, Northern Sierra Leone. Neither is there an obvious, scientifically composed acknowledgement of the character of affinity with relatives and acquaintances who endured in Guinea-Conakry. This paper explores to bond the gap in scholarship in Kambia District, Northern Sierra Leone. Semi-structured interview models were utilized in an exploratory path to facilitate conversations with a judgmental sample of thirty-six folks who left Guinea for Sierra Leone. Thematic content analysis was utilized to analyze the data. Cultural diversity brought about lofty thresholds of uncertainty or skepticism with their neighbors, verbal and physical xenophobic aggressions, identity crisis, general family disorientation and disintegration were convened as some of the repercussions of the compulsory migration into Kambia District, Northern Sierra Leone. Most of the respondents delivered a stout ambition to return home once the political and economic conditions revised.

Collusion Revisited: Polyadic Collusions and Their Contextual Determinants

At the core of collusions are unconscious unresolved issues shared by two or more participants, interlocked in a defensive maneuver. The issue at stake is avoided at an intrapsychic level and externalized in the interpersonal space. Unresolved issues may pertain to control, intimacy, loss, dependency, domination, boundaries and so on.This critical narrative review is based on a comprehensive consultation of the psychoanalytic, general system theory, family therapy and social psychology literature and is informed by our experience as psychotherapists, supervisors, and researchers. When working with the concept of collusion, be it as a clinician, supervisor or researcher, collusions must be delineated from other group dynamics. This might not always be easy. Moreover, reports on polyadic collusions and their contextual determinants are scattered in the literature of different psychotherapeutic approaches and lack precision at times. We therefore engage in a critical dialog with the literature and define different types of polyadic collusions, helping the reader gain a quick overview of this somehow neglected concept. Collusions occur in the psychiatric, psychotherapeutic, and medical setting, but especially in settings which ignore the unconscious and the impact of the wider social determinants on collusions.Collusion is a very useful concept since it brings together different therapeutic orientations but also patients and clinicians, the personal and professional of the caregiver, as well as psychotherapy, psychiatry, medicine, and the social sciences.

Exploring gender differences in HIV-related stigma and social support in a low-resource setting: A qualitative study in the Dominican Republic.

HIV-related stigma can affect health by compromising coping and social support. Gender differences in stigma experiences and social support are underexplored, particularly in the Caribbean. We conducted semi-structured interviews (N = 32) with patients at two HIV clinics in the Dominican Republic. Transcripts were coded using qualitative content analysis (deductive and inductive approaches) to identify themes regarding stigma experiences and social support, which were then compared across men and women participants to identify gender differences. While both men and women described experienced stigma, including verbal abuse, men's experience of stigma were subtler and women described outright rejection and instances of physical violence, including intimate partner violence. Both men and women described job discrimination, but women described severe disempowerment as well as permanent loss of income and/or employment whereas men described temporary changes in employment and /or decrease in income. Men and women described modifying behavior due to anticipated stigma, but only women discussed isolating themselves and discomfort taking HIV medication in front of others. Regarding internalized stigma, both men and women described shame, guilt, and depression over their HIV status, though these experiences were more common among women. Women's experiences prevented health care seeking and included suicidality, while men sometimes blamed women for their HIV status and expressed a desire to "move on" and "look ahead." Both men and women described receiving financial support from family and friends, community support from neighbors, governmental support, and support from other people living with HIV. Women most frequently discussed receiving support from family and friends and using religiosity to cope, whereas men referenced general family support and government benefits and were less forthcoming about personal relationships and social networks, oftentimes not disclosing HIV status to others. The social context of HIV-related stigma affects women and men differently with physical and mental health impacts and may require distinct mitigation approaches.

Word problem and parabolic subgroups in Dyer groups

AbstractOne can observe that Coxeter groups and right‐angled Artin groups share the same solution to the word problem. On the other hand, in his study of reflection subgroups of Coxeter groups, Dyer introduces a family of groups, which we call Dyer groups, which contains both, Coxeter groups and right‐angled Artin groups. We show that all Dyer groups have this solution to the word problem, we show that a group which admits such a solution belongs to a little more general family of groups that we call quasi‐Dyer groups, and we show that this inclusion is strict. Then we show several results on parabolic subgroups in quasi‐Dyer groups and in Dyer groups. Notably, we prove that any intersection of parabolic subgroups in a Dyer group of finite type is a parabolic subgroup.

Linearly time-varying systems and their fast implementation

Linear time-invariant systems can be implemented in O(Nlog⁡N) time, whereas the most general family of linear systems can be implemented as a vector-matrix product in O(N2) time. However, there are time-variant systems that can be implemented in O(Nlog⁡N) time. In this paper, we introduce a particular family of such systems, which we refer to as the class of linearly time varying (LTV) systems. These systems interpolate between multiplicative systems and convolutive systems, and are characterized by their chirp-type eigenfunctions and their relationship to fractional Fourier domain filtering. We derive expressions for the linear transform kernel of LTV systems, and illustrate their use with examples. Recognizing LTV systems, or approximating linear systems with LTV systems when possible, can reduce the time of computation from O(N2) to O(Nlog⁡N).

General fourth-order Chapman–Enskog expansion of lattice Boltzmann schemes

In order to derive the equivalent partial differential equations of a lattice Boltzmann scheme, the Chapman Enskog expansion is very popular in the lattice Boltzmann community. A main drawback of this approach is the fact that multiscale expansions are used without any clear mathematical signification of the various variables and operators. Independently of this framework, the Taylor expansion method allows to obtain formally the equivalent partial differential equations. The general equivalency of these two approaches remains an open question. In this contribution, we prove that both approaches give identical results with acoustic scaling for a very general family of lattice Boltzmann schemes and up to fourth-order accuracy. Examples with a single scalar conservation illustrate our purpose.

Optimal encoding of oscillators into more oscillators

Bosonic encoding of quantum information into harmonic oscillators is a hardware efficient approach to battle noise. In this regard, oscillator-to-oscillator codes not only provide an additional opportunity in bosonic encoding, but also extend the applicability of error correction to continuous-variable states ubiquitous in quantum sensing and communication. In this work, we derive the optimal oscillator-to-oscillator codes among the general family of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP)-stablizer codes for homogeneous noise. We prove that an arbitrary GKP-stabilizer code can be reduced to a generalized GKP two-mode-squeezing (TMS) code. The optimal encoding to minimize the geometric mean error can be constructed from GKP-TMS codes with an optimized GKP lattice and TMS gains. For single-mode data and ancilla, this optimal code design problem can be efficiently solved, and we further provide numerical evidence that a hexagonal GKP lattice is optimal and strictly better than the previously adopted square lattice. For the multimode case, general GKP lattice optimization is challenging. In the two-mode data and ancilla case, we identify the D4 lattice—a 4-dimensional dense-packing lattice—to be superior to a product of lower dimensional lattices. As a by-product, the code reduction allows us to prove a universal no-threshold-theorem for arbitrary oscillators-to-oscillators codes based on Gaussian encoding, even when the ancilla are not GKP states.

Gut-derived metabolites mediating cognitive development in 5-year-old children: Early-life transplant in mice has lasting effects throughout adulthood

The gut microbiota has been causally linked to cognitive development. We aimed to identify metabolites mediating its effect on cognitive development, and foods or nutrients related to most promising metabolites. Faeces from 5-year-old children (DORIAN-PISAC cohort, including 90 general population families with infants, 42/48 females/males, born in 2011–2014) were transplanted (FMT) into C57BL/6 germ-free mice. Children and recipient mice were stratified by cognitive phenotype, or based on protective metabolites. Food frequency questionnaires were obtained in children. Cognitive measurements in mice included five Y-maze tests until 23 weeks post-FMT, and (at 23 weeks) PET-CT for brain metabolism and radiodensity, and ultrasound-based carotid vascular indices. Children (faeces, urine) and mice (faeces, plasma) metabolome was measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the faecal microbiota was profiled in mice by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.Cognitive scores of children and recipient mice were correlated. FMT-dependent modifications of brain metabolism were observed. Mice receiving FMT from high-cognitive or protective metabolite-enriched children developed superior cognitive-behavioural performance. A panel of metabolites, namely xanthine, hypoxanthine, formate, mannose, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glutamine, was found to mediate the gut-cognitive axis in donor children and recipient mice. Vascular indices partially explained the metabolite-to-phenotype relationships. Children’s consumption of legumes, whole-milk yogurt and eggs, and intake of iron, zinc and vitamin D appeared to support protective gut metabolites.Overall, metabolites involved in inflammation, purine metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis mediate the gut-cognitive axis, and holds promise for screening. The related dietary and nutritional findings offer leads to microbiota-targeted interventions for cognitive protection, with long-lasting effects.

Results on Minkowski-Type Inequalities for Weighted Fractional Integral Operators

This article considers a general family of weighted fractional integral operators and utilizes this general operator to establish numerous reverse Minkowski inequalities. When it comes to understanding and investigating convexity and inequality, symmetry is crucial. It provides insightful explanations, clearer explanations, and useful methods to help with the learning of key mathematical ideas. The kernel of the general family of weighted fractional integral operators is related to a wide variety of extensions and generalizations of the Mittag-Leffler function and the Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function. It delves into the applications of fractional-order integral and derivative operators in mathematical and engineering sciences. Furthermore, this article derives specific cases for selected functions and presents various applications to illustrate the obtained results. Additionally, novel applications involving the Digamma function are introduced.