Families Of Coleoptera Research Articles

Population Fluctuation of Coleobrocas (Coleoptera) in Six Forest Fragments in Atlantic Forest

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the forest restoration of Guapiacu river basin in Macacu, RJ, using the families of coleobrocas as tools for environmental assessment. We analyzed the fluctuation of the families of Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Lyctidae, Anobiidae, Bostrichidae and Curculionidae. Six sampling points were arranged along the river, five points being inferred in reforestation carried out in the basin and a point in the control area of natural regeneration the amount of Guapiacu river. The collection period started in January 2013, and ended in December 2015. Through quali-quantitative data, there is a greater population density of sub-family Scolytinae in periods of high temperature and humidity and areas more populated by pioneer species used in forest restoration. After the end of the monitoring period, we proposed a model of environmental assessment through the frequency of occurrence of families of coleobrocas collected in forest fragments.

Elaboration of cards to identify families of Coleoptera (Arthropoda, Insecta) of medical criminal forensic importance from Brazil

Information about biology, ecology, geographic distribution and correct identification of insects within the forensic scope are necessary since it is from this knowledge that the post mortem interval can be estimated in cases of violent crimes. Thus, in the present study, informative-illustrative cards of the main families of Coleoptera with forensic medical-criminal relevance were elaborated. The information contained was selected from the literature (from articles and books), emphasizing data on the status of relevance for the forensic area, if there are and how many are the records of cases in Brazil using these beetles and, finally, the general diagnosis for the members of each family, including images of representative specimens for each family produced in the laboratory.

Fauna de Estafilínidos de Suelo con Diferentes Usos en el Volcán Santa Marta, Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México

From collections in land with four uses (rainforest, agroforestry, maize crop, and grassland) from the localities of Lopez Mateos (LM), San Fernando (SF), and Venustiano Carranza (VC) in the Santa Marta Volcano, Veracruz, Mexico, 967 specimens were obtained in 11 subfamilies, 47 genera, and 114 morphospecies of the family Staphylinidae. The subfamilies with the greatest morphospecies richness were Aleocharinae (35), Paederinae (30), and Staphylininae (20). Greatest morphospecies richness was at SF (78) at the highest altitude (850 m) and has a rainforest cover of 50%, while LM occupied second place (61), and VC third place (38). The last two localities were at 250 m of altitude, but LM has a rainforest cover three times larger than VC. By type of land use, the greatest number of morphospecies was in the rainforest (59), followed by grassland, agroforestry land, and maize crop (46, 45, and 42 morphospecies, respectively). Pitfall traps collected markedly more abundance and taxa richness compared to the monolith collection, both at the three locations and with different land uses. The Staphylinidae analyzed is considered moderately diverse, because many morphospecies were represented by one or two individuals and because it represents 16.6% of all recorded species of the State of Veracruz (685). Staphylinidae is the family of Coleoptera with the most taxonomic richness of the edaphic fauna of the Santa Marta Volcano and plays an important role in natural control of populations of other invertebrates, including beneficial impact on maize crops by having 78% of morphospecies with predatory habits and more than 20% recycling decomposing organic matter.

Unraveling the diversity, phylogeny, and ecological role of cryptic Coleopteran species of Vadodara district: a first comparative approach from India

BackgroundMore than 350 K described species, Coleoptera (beetles) represent the most diverse order from Class Insecta in the entire animal kingdom. However, their phylogeny is highly controversial due to their morphological crypticness and multiple markers used previously for sequence homology. Although many studies suggest that their diversity currently relies majorly on morphological analysis, nevertheless DNA barcodes may provide a functional, standardized tool for their unique identification. In the present report, a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene has been proposed as standard DNA barcoding marker for the identification of organisms.ResultTo evaluate this hypothesis, a random sampling was conducted in and around Vadodara, Gujarat, where 2690 individual of 65 species belonging to 16 families were reported from different sites, and diversity indices were employed to unravel the species composition of that habitat. Further, 12 beetles from dominant families were selected for sequence analysis using various bioinformatics tools and were compared with the rest of the beetles to obtain a more robust phylogeny which is not reported earlier in previous studies.ConclusionHence, the present study suggests that Scarabaeidae tends to be more diverse in and nearby of Vadodara compared to all other families of Coleoptera and while in contrast Chrysomelidae showed maximum diversity of pest species. DNA barcoding and nucleotide analysis resolves the phylogeny of controversial taxa; (Adephaga(Gyrinidae+ (Dytiscidae++ Carabidae)) (Polyphaga(Histeridae+Buprestidae+Lampyridae+Elateridae+(Scarabaeidae+(Coccinelidae+ Apionidae+Curculionidae+ (Meloidae+Tenebrionidae+(Cerambycidae+Chrysomelidae)))))).

Genome sequences identify three families of Coleoptera as morphologically derived click beetles (Elateridae)

Plastoceridae Crowson, 1972, Drilidae Blanchard, 1845 and Omalisidae Lacordaire, 1857 (Elateroidea) are families of the Coleoptera with obscure phylogenetic relationships and modified morphology showing neotenic traits such as soft bodies, reduced wing cases and larviform females. We shotgun sequenced genomes of Plastocerus, Drilus and Omalisus and incorporated them into data matrices of 66 and 4202 single-copy nuclear genes representing Elateroidea. Phylogenetic analyses indicate their terminal positions within the broadly defined well-sclerotized and fully metamorphosed Elateridae and thus Omalisidae should now be considered as Omalisinae stat. nov. in Elateridae Leach, 1815. The results support multiple independent origins of incomplete metamorphosis in Elateridae and indicate the parallel evolution of morphological and ecological traits. Unlike other neotenic elateroids derived from the supposedly pre-adapted aposematically coloured and unpalatable soft-bodied elateroids, such as fireflies (Lampyridae) and net-winged beetles (Lycidae), omalisids and drilids evolved from well-sclerotized click beetles. These findings suggest sudden morphological shifts through incomplete metamorphosis, with important implications for macroevolution, including reduced speciation rate and high extinction risk in unstable habitats. Precise phylogenetic placement is necessary for studies of the molecular mechanisms of ontogenetic shifts leading to profoundly changed morphology.

Non-target insects captured in tephritid fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) surveillance traps in South Korea: a survey-based study

In 2017, a total of 82 non-target species representing six orders of insects were captured in four types of tephritid fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) surveillance traps located in Korea; the species included six families of Coleoptera, one of Dictyoptera, 17 of Diptera, two of Hemiptera, three of Hymenoptera, one of Neuroptera, four of Lepidoptera, and one of Raphidioptera. Of these, Diptera were the most abundant; the main families included Muscidae, Tephritidae, and Anthomyiidae. Herein, based on a survey, we present a list of the species of non-target insects captured in the tephritid fruit fly surveillance traps.

Forest disturbance and arthropods: Small‐scale canopy gaps drive invertebrate community structure and composition

AbstractIn forest ecosystems, disturbances that cause tree mortality create canopy gaps, increase growth of understory vegetation, and alter the abiotic environment. These impacts may have interacting effects on populations of ground‐dwelling invertebrates that regulate ecological processes such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. A manipulative experiment was designed to decouple effects of simultaneous disturbances to the forest canopy and ground‐level vegetation to understand their individual and combined impacts on ground‐dwelling invertebrate communities. We quantified invertebrate abundance, richness, diversity, and community composition via pitfall traps in response to a factorial combination of two disturbance treatments: canopy gap formation via girdling and understory vegetation removal. Formation of gaps was the primary driver of changes in invertebrate community structure, increasing activity‐abundance and taxonomic richness, while understory removal had smaller effects. Families of Collembola and Diplopoda, as well as some families of Coleoptera, increased in combined canopy and understory disturbance treatments, whereas Curculionidae and Nitidulidae were more abundant in undisturbed forest. Gaps increased light availability, height and cover of understory vegetation, and soil moisture levels, and decreased depth and cover of leaf litter compared to undisturbed forest. Decoupling of canopy and understory vegetation disturbances revealed gap formation as an important short‐term driver of ground‐dwelling invertebrate community structure and composition. Our findings increase understanding of how ground‐dwelling invertebrate communities respond to disturbance and inform sustainable management of forest ecosystems to foster biodiversity and resilience.

Mordellidae (Coleoptera) Research: A Review Based on the Zoological Record from 1864 through 2013.

Mordellidae (tumbling flower beetles) is a globally distributed family of Coleoptera; it is among the most species-rich families (containing 115 genera and 2308 species described). It is important because of its agroforestry significance and its ecosystem-sustaining attributes. However, the past and current status of Mordellidae research remains unclear. A comprehensive literature review of Mordellidae articles published over the period of 1864–2013 based on the Zoological Record was conducted for the first time. A total of 863 articles were used for analysis after a strict literature search using screening protocols. These articles were then assigned to four categories based on the year of publication, topics/themes, primary authors, and frequently utilized journals for publication of Mordellidae-related articles. The results reveal that: (1) there are three prosperous research periods (1876–1898, 1922–1957, and 1977–2012) for Mordellidae during 1864–2013 that are associated with the active period of three generations of the main taxonomists. However, it is unfortunate that it also demonstrates there is a lack of upcoming researchers to continue the work after the retirement of the current generation, thus action should be taken immediately to promote research on Mordellidae; (2) on average, each primary author published 3.1 papers, but ~35% of the Mordellidae articles were published by less than 3% of the primary authors; (3) researchers tended to mostly publish their articles in local journals of their home countries; (4) more than 90% of the articles pertain to traditional taxonomy, with those of early times generally containing only simple descriptions of the species and the holotypes chosen are sparsely deposited with the researchers or amateurs around the world, thus making them difficult to be checked; (5) nearly half of the studies described Mordellidae species from Palaearctic realm, about one-third of the studies described species in other areas rather than in the fauna in which the authors lived, and about two-fifths of the studies described species from countries outside of the authors’ country of origin. Therefore, the in-depth systematic study of worldwide Mordellidae is required to reconstruct Mordellidae phylogeny and a revision of its classification system with modern methods of comparative morphology, molecular biology, zoogeography, and cladistics. In order to better understand the life stages and biology of Mordellidae insects, more work on Mordellidae ecology should be undertaken to develop strategies for pest control. We hope that this review will provide information to the novice and expert alike in Mordellidae research pertaining to its past and current status, possible future research areas, and attract more attention from the scientific world and renew an interest in Mordellidae research.

Paleopetria Özdikmen, 2008 is a junior objective synonym of Petriathyris Lee Jin, 2006, new name pro Petria Mendes, 1961 (Brachiopoda, Terebratulida) preoccupied by Petria Semenov 1893 (Arthropoda, Coleoptera).

The terebratulide genus Petria Mendes, 1961 was described for a group of cryptonelloid brachiopods (Brachiopoda, Terebratulida) from the Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) of the Amazonian region, Brazil. To our knowledge only the type species Waldheimia coutinhoana Derby, 1874 was placed in the genus. The genus name Petria Mendes, 1961 is pre-occupied by Petria Semenov, 1893, a genus in the Coleoptera family Tenebrionidae.

Review of Saproxylic Beetles in Tugai Forests of Kazakhstan

AbstractIn the review, the data about the saproxylic beetles in the tugai forests of Kazakhstan is described. The main tree and shrub species related to saproxylic beetles are reported and the beetle species diversity is presented in a table. Of the species listed in the table, 36 species of saproxylic beetles are related toPopulussp. (Populus diversifoliaandP. pruinosa), 21 species toElaeagnus angustifolia, 20 species toTamarixsp., and 17 species toSalixsp. The least number of saproxylic beetles was related toFraxinus sogdiana(2 species) andHalimodendron halodendron(3 species). The author detected data about the representatives of the following families of Coleoptera: Brentidae, Bostrichidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Curculionidae on the territory of tugai forests and the arid zone of Kazakhstan. According to the used references, the most numbered family of saproxylic beetles in the tugai forests is Buprestidae: 41 species have been known. The author found out data about 17 species of Curculionidae and 10 species of Cerambycidae. Other families have a lower number of species. It means that Buprestidae is the most studied family in the tugai forests of Kazakhstan. Further research is necessary to extend knowledge about the diversity of saproxylic beetles in the tugai forests of Kazakhstan.

Entomofauna Associated with Agroforestry Systems of Timber Species and Cacao in the Southern Region of the Maracaibo Lake Basin (Mérida, Venezuela).

Agroforestry systems are environment-friendly production systems which help to preserve biodiversity while providing people with a way of earning a living. Cacao is a historically important crop in Venezuela that traditionally has been produced in agroforestry systems. However, few studies have evaluated how different trees used in those systems affect the dynamics and abundance of insects. The present study evaluated the entomofauna assemblages associated with different combinations of four timber-yielding trees and four Criollo cacao cultivars established in a lowland tropical ecosystem in Venezuela. A randomized block design with two replicates was used, each block having 16 plots which included all 16 possible combinations of four native timber trees (Cordia thaisiana, Cedrela odorata, Swietenia macrophylla, and Tabebuia rosea) and four Criollo cacao cultivars (Porcelana, Guasare, Lobatera and Criollo Merideño). Insects were collected with yellow pan traps and sorted to order. Coleoptera and parasitoid Hymenoptera were determined to the family level. In total, 49,538 individuals of seven orders were collected, with Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera being the most abundant, although only Lepidoptera and Coleoptera abundances were significantly influenced by the timber tree species. Twenty-three families of parasitoid Hymenoptera and 26 of Coleoptera were found. Significant differences in insects’ assemblages were found both in parasitoid Hymenoptera and Coleoptera families associated to every shade tree, with the families Eulophidae and Lycidae being indicators for Cordia, and Chalcididae for Swietenia. The entomofauna relationship with the cacao cultivar was barely significant, although Scydmaenidae and Scarabaeidae were indicators for Lobatera and Merideño, respectively. No significant effects were found for interaction with cacao cultivars and native trees. We concluded that the particular insect assemblages found in Cedrela odorata and Cordia thaisiana, together with their high growing rates, make these two species an optimal choice for cacao agroforestry systems.

How Many Species of Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods Are There on Earth?

In the last decade, new methods of estimating global species richness have been developed and existing ones improved through the use of more appropriate statistical tools and new data. Taking the mean of most of these new estimates indicates that globally there are approximately 1.5 million, 5.5 million, and 7 million species of beetles, insects, and terrestrial arthropods, respectively. Previous estimates of 30 million species or more based on the host specificity of insects to plants now seem extremely unlikely. With 1 million insect species named, this suggests that 80% remain to be discovered and that a greater focus should be placed on less-studied taxa such as many families of Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera and on poorly sampled parts of the world. DNA tools have revealed many new species in taxonomically intractable groups, but unbiased studies of previously well-researched insect faunas indicate that 1-2% of species may be truly cryptic.

Community structure of Coleoptera in Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India

We focused on the coleopteran species assemblage in a tropical deciduous forest in the Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India. During a 2-year survey, we collected 56 species belonging to 13 families of Coleoptera, in varying relative abundance. Among the species, 15 belong to the family Chrysomelidae, nine to the Staphyllinidae, and four to the Coccinellidae. Our results substantiate the importance of the Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary for the conservation of coleopteran insects.

Coleoptera diversity and abundance in Golcuk Natural Park, in Isparta, Turkey

Coleoptera diversity was investigated at Golcuk Natural Park, Isparta, Turkey. Thirty four families of Coleoptera were recorded during the survey. Coleopterans were most abundant in a site close to an old apple orchard where 33% of all sampled individuals were found. Less frequently recorded families were found in a site close to the main entrance and picnic area. Coleopteran families were found to be unequally partitioned in all six microhabitats. The highest similarity index (0.85) was found between sites close to the Park entrance and close to the old apple orchard. Distribution of the abundance of coleopteran families was significantly different between all studied habitats. The study revealed that the site close to the old apple orchard and sites with xerophilic natural plants provide special micro-habitats for Coleopteran fauna.

An Online Database of the Immatures of Coleoptera (Arthopoda, Insecta) Described from Brazil.

BackgroundAn online database of the described immature beetles from Brazil is presented for the first time based on published literature. The main purpose of this online database is to ensure accessibility to data associated with the described immature Coleoptera from Brazil, which will be useful for future biological, ecological, conservational and biogeographical studies.New informationMore than 9,486 specimens of 248 genera, 282 species and 4 subspecies of 76 Coleoptera families from 15 states and the Federal District of Brazil were found. Taxonomical and ecological information about each species, when available, are given. The dataset of Immatures of Coleoptera described from Brazil are available and can be accessed through the portals of GBIF at http://www.gbif.org/dataset/8e0e9330-e1b2-475a-9891-4fa8e5c6f57f and the SiBBr at http://ipt.sibbr.gov.br/sibbr/resource?r=coleoptera_immature_of_brazil.

Microwave Treatment for Pest Control: Coleoptera Insects in Wooden Objects

ABSTRACTBy far the most common species of woodworms perceived to be the main cause of damage to wood, and in particular to wooden art objects, are Anobium punctatum de Geer and Hylotrupes bajulas of Coleoptera family. In search of non-chemical methods for eradicating these wood pests, microwave (MW) heating can be an effective tool to help control the insects in their different life stages (eggs, larvae, and adult). The effect of 2.45 GHz frequency MW exposure on wooden art objects is described and discussed. MW heating time is reported in connection with lethal temperature of the pest and moisture content of the treated wooden object. The treatment was carried out using Microwood 12, especially conceived for portability, easy operation, and control. Microwood 12 consists of a switch mode high-voltage power supply and an industrial continuous wave magnetron connected to a rectangular-shaped horn antenna. The measure of temperature and control of operation is done via a built-in infrared thermometer.

PM 7/109 (2) Epitrix cucumeris, Epitrix papa, Epitrix subcrinita, Epitrix tuberis

Specific scopeThis Standard describes a diagnostic protocol for adults of Epitrix cucumeris, Epitrix papa, Epitrix subcrinita and Epitrix tuberis.Specific approval and amendmentFirst approved in 2011‐09.Revision approved in 2016‐01.

Tiger Beetles' (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Cicindelinae) pupal stage: current state of knowledge and future perspectives.

The tiger beetles (Carabidae: Cicindelinae) include about 2,822 species and 120 genera around the world. They are one of the most widely studied families of Coleoptera. However, the knowledge about their immature stages is incipient and usually restricted to the larval stages. Pupal characteristics have been among the most ignored aspects of tiger beetle biology. Here we compile and update the current knowledge of tiger beetle pupae.

Distribution Patterns of the Mexican Species of Carrion Beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae)

Abstract Silphidae in Mexico, as in other countries, are a broadly studied family of Coleoptera. However, their geographical distribution in this country has been poorly analyzed. The aim of this study was to perform a track analysis of the Mexican species of Silphidae to discuss their distribution patterns. We used bibliographic and new distribution data of 11 Mexican species of Silphidae to construct their individual tracks in maps of biogeographic provinces. The superposition of these tracks allowed detection of generalized tracks, which were compared with previously published distribution patterns to propose hypotheses of primary biogeographic homology. We record Nicrophorus olidus Matthews, 1888 for the first time in Nicaragua and confirm its presence in Honduras. Additionally, three species are new state records for Aguascalientes, and new localities are provided for seven species. We recovered three main distribution patterns. Four species correspond to the Californian Nearctic pattern, followed by...

Endogenous cellulolytic enzyme systems in the longhorn beetle Mesosa myops (Insecta: Coleoptera) studied by transcriptomic analysis.

The Cerambycidae (longhorn beetle) is a large family of Coleoptera with xylophagous feeding habits. Cellulose digestion plays an important role in these wood-feeding insects. In this study, transcriptomic technology was used to obtain one glycoside hydrolase family 45 (GH45) cellulase and seven GH5 cellulases from Mesosa myops, a typical longhorn beetle. Analyses of expression dynamics and evolutionary relationships provided a complete description of the cellulolytic system. The expression dynamics related to individual development indicated that endogenous GH45 and GH5 cellulases dominate cellulose digestion in M. myops. Evolutionary analyses suggested that GH45 cellulase gene is a general gene in the Coleoptera Suborder Polyphaga. Evolutionary analyses also indicated that the GH5 cellulase group in Lamiinae longhorn beetles is closely associated with wood feeding. This study demonstrated that there is a complex endogenous cellulolytic system in M. myops that is dominated by cellulases belonging to two glycoside hydrolase families.