Surname Research Articles

A Tribute to Fritz Dolak, Copyright Librarian of Ball State University

The community of copyright professionals lost a champion recently, with the passing of Frank J. (“Fritz”) Dolak on July 14, 2021. Fritz was the copyright librarian at Ball State University, and he was known nationally for the series of annual copyright conferences he organized and led in Indiana, and for his leadership in addressing the use of copyrighted works for the enhancement of distance education. He came to copyright after years of music, military service, and more. A hallmark of his life was bringing clarity and humor to serious challenges, starting with his family name. He had a simple family name that was routinely mispronounced. As Fritz would tell anyone who would listen, “The name is ‘Doo-Lok,’ as in ‘Do Lock the Door.’” Fritz was a professional colleague to many editors and contributors to JCEL. Three of his copyright colleagues—Dwayne K. Buttler, Kenneth D. Crews, and Donna L. Ferullo—worked with him for many years, and they share memories of Dr. Fritz Dolak and his influence and leadership. The story of Fritz Dolak is a story of kindness, generosity, and inspiration.

Hidden Words: Searching for meaning in a rubber stamp

Hidden WordsSearching for meaning in a rubber stamp Uljana Wolf (bio) Translated by Sophie Seita (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, Mot Caché, 1978. [End Page 164] in 1978, theresa hak kyung cha made a stamp—a rubber stamp, not a postage stamp—for a small exhibition in Amsterdam. Cha, whose "mail art," writing, and performances explore patterns of public circulation, mistranslation, and exchange, made the stamp to fit on a standard postcard. At the stamp's center are two words, outlined in black: mot caché (French for "hidden word"). Arranged in an oval around them are other French words, in mirror image—empreinte révèle signe évoque énonce dévoile marque tache inscrite trace—all of which relate to the act of inscription. [End Page 165] After the stamp is applied to paper, the outer circle of words becomes legible. The words in the middle, however, hide themselves again. (They now say tom éhcac.) So the "correct expression," at least in this mode and direction of reading, stays behind, on the stamp, elsewhere. The words of inscription wrap around the hidden word(s) like a glove, within which: a center that doesn't send. But there's another word, too. In the lower right-hand corner of the stamp, uncapitalized: cha, Theresa's family name. At first glance, the name lies outside the word circle of inscription. But if you look again, you notice that the name also lies buried within the phrase in the middle of the stamp, in the rearranged letters of the word caché. In this way, "cha" itself is the mot caché: the hidden word. What exactly is being sent with this postcard? Is the hidden word meant to be a Korean name, or is it so untranslatable as to be absent, undetectable? Does everyone who sees the stamp or the postcard have access to the same hidden word? The same experience of displacement? When I came across Dictee in New York a few years ago, it was like receiving a dispatch, a linguistic memo I didn't understand. It stayed with me, this dispatch, because (I now realize) as a German poet writing mostly in the language I was raised in, I was and am always in search of paths that lead me away: away from the sorts of understanding that I've inherited; away from my ways of thinking as an East-, perhaps post-East-, perhaps multi-German writer; away from the categories of estrangement and non-estrangement in my life, which has long swung like a pendulum between New York and Berlin. For me, being a multilingual writer means that words are always inscribed with ghost-words. Cha's work was particularly relevant to my experience of multilayered cultural and linguistic self-estrangement. Dictee explores the same obsessions and methods that characterize Cha's mail art: fragmentary, translingual language pointing to the failure of translation; documentary material questioning the possibility of singular memory; conversations that straddle [End Page 166] Click for larger view View full resolution A postcard from Cha addressed to her brother John Cha and his family. A Mot Caché impression in black ink is stamped on one side. [End Page 167] multiple artistic mediums. In both the stamp and the book, Cha makes traceable what it means to be someone who has a language that is not "the right one," not their own, not original or real—a language that exists only on a fantasized, distant, handmade stamp. A stamp perhaps like: home. Like: nation. Like: mother tongue. When we use the term mother tongue, which language are we referring to? Just as the stamped image exists in an in-between realm, adrift and unbelonging, Dictee also demonstrates the failure to construct possible identifications through the actual language of the mother. Cha's own mother, Cha Hyung Soon, grew up as a refugee in Manchuria, moving between the language of exile (Chinese), that of occupation (Japanese), and that of her ancestral country (Korean). For Cha, the search for heritage, for the place of the mother and her language, is not a search for a state of monolingual belonging. Rather: her rebellious...

Fish species composition, diversity, and migration in the Mekong Delta: a study in the Cua Tieu River, Vietnam.

Southern Vietnam, particularly the Mekong Delta, is popular in inland fish species diversity. In this study, fish species diversity across six stations from the estuary to the upstream of Cua Tieu River, which is situated in the Tien Giang province in Southern Vietnam, has been studied from January 2018 to June 2020. Altogether, 2088 specimens were collected and classified, and these belonged to 115 species, 98 genera, and 54 families of 15 orders that were recognized and identified. The names of species, genera, families, and orders are cited. In the total of 115 species, the Perch-like order (Perciformes) is the most diverse group, with 50 species (consist of 43.48% of total species). The catfish order (Siluriformes) is the second-most diverse group, consisting of 19 species (16.52% of total species). The carp order (Cypriniformes) consists of 8 species (6.96%), and the herring order (Clupeiformes) consists of 7 species (6.09%). Three orders of fishes, needle fish order (Beloniformes), Spiny eel order (Synbranchiformes), and flounder order (Pleuronectiformes), consist of 6 species (5.22%), and other orders consist of 1-3 species (0.87-2.61%). Among the 115 species recorded, 4 species were classified as vulnerable (VU) in the Red Data Book of Viet Nam (2007) (which is 3.48% of the total species collected). These are Elops saurus, Anodontostoma chacunda, Datnioides polota, and Toxotes chatareus. According to the IUCN Red list (2020), 1 species is endangered (EN) (0.87%), 1 species is vulnerable (VU) (0.87%), 3 species of fish are near threatened (NT) (2.61%), 6 species are data deficient (DD) (5.22%), and 58 species are least concern (LC) (50.43%). The result also recorded 41 fish as migratory species (26 freshwater species and 15 marine species), which is 35.65% of total species collected. Some migratory species are important and endemic species of the Mekong River, such as Bagarius yarrelli, Boesemania microlepis, Yasuhikotakia modesta, Cyclocheilos enoplos, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Pangasius conchophilus, Pangasius krempfi, Pangasius pleurotaenia, Phalacronotus bleekeri.

Native Providence: Memory, Community, and Survivance in the Northeast by Patricia E. Rubertone (review)

Reviewed by: Native Providence: Memory, Community, and Survivance in the Northeast by Patricia E. Rubertone Hartman H. Deetz (bio) Native Providence: Memory, Community, and Survivance in the Northeast by Patricia E. Rubertone University of Nebraska Press, 2020 IN 1943 IN PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, Chief Sunrise shocked the city, making headlines simply by walking out into the street dressed in his traditional regalia. He was a Narragansett Indian, in Narragansett Territory, where Narragansett people have always been. Native people in New England are first contact people: we had no rumor, no experience, no expectation of how history with European settlers would unfold. My people, the Wampanoag, along with Nipmuc and Massachusett were among the first graduates of Harvard, and Narragansetts were among the first residents of Providence, when Roger Williams had to broker a deal to allow colonists to move in among them. Between the bark-covered wigwams, English mud and sticks, wattle and daub were being built. We have been here from the beginning. We are a part of the fabric of this place, and our history is American history. When the city of Providence was created Native hands were among those creating it. As the world modernized, Indigenous people modernized and urbanized with it. We work as house cleaners and laborers but also have become champion checkers players or marketed the "Indian Tonic" remedy of the Narragansett "Indian Doctress" for sale to the masses. Patricia Rubertone explores the interconnection—of kinship, of family moving back and forth from reservation to city, of intermarriages—that taps into the Indigenous underground of New England that still thrives today. Given these networks of families and kin I can hopscotch from one Native community to the next—with many of my cousins among them—all the way to New York. Many of the family names mentioned throughout this book—Noka, Brown, Mitchel, Helm, and Thomas—are still present today. Native Providence challenges the concept of the Monolithic Indian, one that is always rural, past tense, and pushed aside by the arrival of the modern world. Rubertone shows how Native people were adapting to and taking part in the modernization of the world along with their next-door neighbors, while at the same time holding a continuous occupancy that stretches into precolonial times. They did not come to the city; the city came to them. Almost every new shift in "Indian Policy" has been tested here on the [End Page 152] East Coast before being brought to the national scale, including war, boarding schools, subdividing then taxing and selling land, relocation, and detribalization. For some tribes their experience with colonization is not yet 150 years old: how are they adapting, and what lessons can they take from what we in the northeast have and are continuing to experience? Rubertone shows some of the ways that Native people in the northeast have survived the centuries. Rubertone manages to capture many important parts of what it is to be Indigenous in the northeast: continuity, connection, kinship, adaptability, resilience. As Indigenous people in New England, we are four hundred years into this grand experiment of colonization. What does that look like for people who have watched the cities grow around them? The concrete interstate laid over old trade paths, whose dirt was packed by millions of moccasin prints over thousands of years. Indigenous neighborhoods and homesteads stand like the groves of old growth, ancient oaks among invasive regrowth. To the casual observer we may seem to blend in, but we remain plain as day for those who know what they are looking at. Rubertone has produced an important work for Natives and non-Natives alike, one that challenges preconceived notions of who we are as Native people as well as what we can be. [End Page 153] Hartman H. Deetz HARTMAN H. DEETZ is an enrolled member of the Mashpee Wampanoag tribe. Copyright © 2022 Regents of the University of Minnesota

고려의 중흥을 이룬 현종과 그의 시대 -김갑동, 『고려 현종 연구』 (혜안, 2022)-

『The study of Hyeonjong(현종), the King of Goryeo』 is a study of King Hyeonjong and his era, which are evaluated as the restorer of Goryeo by reforming politics and local systems after overcoming difficulties and ascending to the throne. In this book, the author studied various fields such as the process of the reign of Hyeonjong, political power relations, reform of local system, thought and culture. First, the author examined the competition and origin of the surrounding forces in order to examine the process of the reign of Hyeonjong. He pointed out the possibility that Chunchu(천추태후), who was recorded as the daughter of Daejong(대종), was the daughter of Gwangjong(광종), and traced the reason why he became Hwangbo(황보씨) even though he was from the royal family and the trend of Seogyeong power(서경세력) represented by Hwangju Hwangbo(황주 황보씨). And in the process, he studied Hyeonjong becoming a king, which Chunchu(천추태후) tried to check, after the death of Mokjong(목종). And he studied the process of Chunchu following her mother’s family name, and so did women of Goryeo Royal family. In addition, Hyunjong tried to reform the local system, and immediately after his accession, he started some institutional reform by combining reward and punitive personality. This book is significant in that it does not focus on the political power and institutional reform of Hyeonjong’s era, but also has an excellent religious thoughts and culture. There are a few questions, as mentioned above, such as the appearance of Chunchu and her sister Heonjung(헌정왕후), and the discussion of the accuracy of the historical records during the reform of the local system. However, this book provides important clues to recognize Hyeonjong and his era by comprehensively examining the political, institutional reform of local changes, and religious thoughts, cutlture. This study examines the king’s era of King Hyeonjong, who is regarded as the restorer of Goryeo, and can be evaluated as providing clues to draw the overall image of the Goryeo dynasty society, not just his period research.

가족의 성(姓)

Recently, gender equality is an important topic in our life, and in particular, there have been media reports on ‘the principle that the father’s surname takes precedence over the mother’s name’ in family law. According to Article 781 paragraph 1 of the Korean Civil Code, it specifies that the father’s name takes precedence when determining the child’s surname, and the surname of the mother can use as the surname of the child that there is an agreement between the parents when registering marriage. This article is criticized from the point of view of gender inequality, and it seems that most jurists agree on the need to reform this article. Family name is not unique to Korean law and culture, so we comparatively studied how other countries determine family name respecting gender equality. According to our comparative study, there are laws of other countries which states ‘the married name’ or ‘the usual name(nom d’usage in French)’ which influence the surname of the child, and there are laws which specify the priority of the convention of the parents to determine the child’s surname. In addition, we can find several ways to determine the child’s surname if one of the parents did not agree in the latter case. Since the introduction of ‘the married name’ or ‘the usual name’ for Korea may lead to social and legal confusion, it is reasonable to study on this subject on the assumption that ‘the married name’ and ‘the usual name’ are not introduced. That is to say, it is difficult to change the family name once decided, according to the principle of the immutability of the family name. Therefore, one must be more careful in determining the surname of the child. On these important issues, we propose a way to reform ‘the principle that the father’s surname takes precedence over the mother’s name’ into the principle that the father’s surname takes precedence if there is no agreement between parents, to introduce another method of determinations, and to change the time of determination from the time of registration of marriage to birth registration of the child. Through these studies, our law should introduce a family name-determining method that society agrees with.

Access to Health Services Among Forced Migrants in Tanzania: A Cluster Randomized Cross Sectional Study of 3560 Congolese and Burundian Refugees.

Despite significant advances in the understanding of the global burden of surgical disease, limited research focuses on access to health and surgical services among refugees, especially in east Africa. The goal of this study was to describe patterns of access to transportation to health services among Congolese and Burundian refugees in Tanzania. We utilized cluster random sampling to perform a large, cross-sectional study in Nyarugusu refugee camp, Tanzania using an adapted version of the Surgeon Overseas Assessment Tool (SOSAS). We randomly selected 132 clusters out of 1472 clusters, randomly selected two people from all households in those clusters. Data analysis was performed in STATA (Stata Version 16, College Station, TX). A total of 3560 participants were included in the study including 1863 Congolese refugees and 1697 Burundian refugees. The majority of refugees reported they were generally healthy (n = 2792, 79.3%). The most common period of waiting to be seen at the health center was between three and 5 h (n = 1502, 45.8%), and over half of all refugees waited between 3 and 12 h to be seen. There was heterogeneity in other intra-camp referral networks (e.g. to and from traditional healer and hospital). Finally, a low percentage (3%) of participants reported leaving the refugee camp to seek health care elsewhere, and Congolese refugees were more likely to pursue self-referral in this manner. To our knowledge, this is the largest study focused on access to transportation among refugees in Tanzania and sub-Saharan Africa. Most participants reported financial difficulty always affording transportation costs with significant wait times occurring once arrived at the hospital. Our study does suggest that some independent health care seeking did occur outside of the camp-based services. Future research may focus more specifically on barriers to timely servicing of patients and patterns of self-referral.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 1 Given name: [Zachary Obinna] Last Name [Enumah] and Author 2 Given name: [Mohamed Yunus] Last Name [Rafiq]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.Confirmed.

Of Bug Crushers and Barbaric Clerks: The Fabricated History of Jewish Family Names in Karl Emil Franzos’ ‘Namensstudien’ (1880)

Abstract This article analyses the 1880 essay ‘Namensstudien’ by Austrian writer Karl Emil Franzos, which significantly shaped established knowledge of Jewish family names and their alleged origins. Although Franzos’ claims have been questioned since their publication, his essay—including two later versions from 1888 and 1897—is still widely referenced in studies on the history of Jewish family names. Based on a thorough historical examination, this article demonstrates that Franzos’ text is an example of literary, fabricated history and should thus not be mistaken for a historiographical reference work on the adoption of family names by Jews in the eighteenth century.

Linkage of historical GB Census data to present day population registers.

ObjectivesThis research links, for the first time, individual level entire GB population census data for 1851-1911 to present day individual level population registers. Precise georeferencing of individual records using AddressBase Premium and further linkage to Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMDs) enables family group analysis of inter-generational social mobility outcomes. ApproachPresent-day individual names and addresses taken from Electoral Registers and consumer data are georeferenced and linked to IMD data using AddressBase. This enables calculation of average IMD scores for every family group (surname). Individual level names and addresses from 1851-1911 censuses are assigned to harmonised historical parishes. The present day surname IMD scores are attributed to every resident in the historical censuses. Parish average ‘future IMD’ scores are calculated to show which areas have bequeathed the highest and lowest IMD scores on their residents’ descendants. This is a measure of how ‘north – south divides’ shape inter-generational social mobility. ResultsA linked data website, apps.cdrc.ac.uk/gbnames, profiles social mobility outcomes for 13,000+ family names, according to average neighbourhood quality experienced by family name bearers. There are clear and enduring regional divides in “future deprivation” inherited from ancestors by the present-day GB population. The research traces the origins of a north-south divide in England. Family roots in northern industrial cities are associated with unfavourable outcomes today. In Scotland, an east-west divide identifies eastern areas sharing similarly high levels of hardship to nineteenth-century industrial cities such as Liverpool and Manchester. Migration partially mitigates these inequalities, but most family groups remain concentrated in their ancestral heartlands, and continue to experience the long-term disadvantages bestowed by geographical location. ConclusionSurnames provide an under-exploited way of linking precisely georeferenced geographies of entire historical populations to their descendants today. Additional linkage to areal deprivation measures makes it possible to evaluate how social and spatial inequalities both endure and are promulgated through the generations. Geography is destiny for much of the population.

Analysing Siamese Neural Network Architectures for Computing Name Similarity.

IntroductionA wide assortment of string similarity measures can be used to determine how similar two names are. A diverse set of discriminating and independent features for name similarity are important for classification during record linkage. A Siamese neural network could surpass traditional string similarity measures for the name similarity problem.
 Objectives and ApproachThis research aims to compare a classifier based on the Siamese network architecture with a Random Forest classifier. In addition to comparing overall performance, we seek to answer whether there are any special properties of certain matching name pairs where the complexity of the Siamese network offers particular benefit.
 Our data consists of 25,000 last name pairings, with each pair being two variants of a family name. Name similarity predictions from the Siamese network are compared to a Random Forest model that serves as an ensemble of existing string similarity measures.
 ResultsWe compare the similarity scores yielded by the two methods and discuss the results. We describe the representation of names to each method; name representation is computed formulaically for the traditional measures but is learned by the Siamese network during training. The comparison of different methods is made both in terms of their similarity prediction quality, and the computational cost to generate the predictions.
 As expected, the Siamese network necessitates a significant computational cost to train. Unexpectedly, the ensemble of traditional measures yields almost identical overall classification performance. However, we expect that further analysis of false positives and false negatives will yield some insight into when practitioners should consider one method over the other.
 Conclusions/ImplicationsResults suggest that there may be instances where a Siamese network outperforms other similarity measures, although training a Siamese network comes at a considerable computational cost. It is worth considering this approach to name similarity as an additional similarity feature when performing record linkage tasks.

On the Historical Background and Ideological Resources of the Confluence of Islam and Confucianism

From the Yuan to the mid-Ming period, the people of Huihui (回回人) in mainland China gradually Sinicized in terms of their languages, family names, marriages, costumes, and ethical values. There was close interaction between these Muslims and Confucian scholars in China. Most of the mosque inscriptions in this period were written by Confucian scholars, who were the first to try to interpret Islam in Confucian terms. Around the mid-Ming period, the Chinese language became the lingua franca of Muslims in mainland China, and the teaching of Arabic and Persian classics in Chinese became an urgent need at this time. It was at this time that the Confucian academies were revived with the government’s permission. Thereupon, the Muslim scholar Hu Dengzhou (胡登洲) founded a rejuvenated educational system known as Jingtang education (經堂教育), which produced a group of Muslim scholars who wrote in Chinese. Islam thus entered the historical arena of interaction with traditional Chinese religions. During the middle and late Ming period, changes in political and economic structures led to changes in the general mood of society. The rise of Wang Yangming’s Mind Study (心學) brought a lively academic atmosphere and a relaxed cultural environment to intellectual circles. The concept of “The same mind and the same principle of the sages in the East and the West” advocated by Lu Jiuyuan (陸九淵) and Wang Yangming (王陽明) was taken seriously by Muslim scholars and became a crucial theoretical reference in their writing process. In the late Ming and early Qing periods, the classical learning of the Shandong school and the Jinling school of Jingtang education focused on the study of Xingli (性理學). The theory of Sufism shared many common ideas with the Three Teachings (Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism) which showed a tendency towards confluence in the Song, Yuan, and Ming periods. Chinese Muslim scholars, known as Huiru (回儒), drew intellectual resources from all of these traditions to construct their study of Xingli.

Redefining Chlorobotryaceae as one of the principal and most diverse lineages of eustigmatophyte algae

Eustigmatophyceae is one of the ∼17 classes of the vast algal phylum Ochrophyta. Over the last decade, the eustigmatophytes emerged as an expansive group that has grown from the initially recognized handful of species to well over 200 genetically distinct entities (potential species). Yet the majority of eustigs, remain represented by unidentified strains, or even only metabarcode sequences obtained from environmental samples. Moreover, the formal classification of the group has not yet been harmonized with the recently uncovered diversity and phylogenetic relationships within the class. Here we make a major step towards resolving this issue by addressing the diversity, phylogeny and classification of one of the most prominent eustigmatophyte clades previously informally called the “Eustigmataceae group”. We obtained 18S rDNA and rbcL gene sequences from four new strains from the “Eustigmataceae group”, and from several additional eustig strains, and performed the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Eustigmatophyceae to date. Our results of these analyses confirm the monophyly of the “Eustigmataceae group” and define its major subclades. We also sequenced plastid genomes of five “Eustigmataceae group” strains to not only improve our understanding of the plastid gene content evolution in eustigs, but also to obtain a robustly resolved eustigmatophyte phylogeny. With this new genomic data, we have solidified the view of the “Eustigmataceae group” as a well-defined family level clade. Crucially, we also have firmly established the genus Chlorobotrys as a member of the “Eustigmataceae group”. This new molecular evidence, together with a critical analysis of the literature going back to the 19th century, provided the basis to radically redefine the historical concept of the family Chlorobotryaceae as the formal taxonomic rubric corresponding to the “Eustigmataceae group”. With this change, the family names Eustigmataceae and Characiopsidaceae are reduced to synonymy with the Chlorobotryaceae, with the latter having taxonomic priority. We additionally studied in detail the morphology and ultrastructure of two Chlorobotryaceae members, which we describe as Neustupella aerophytica gen. et sp. nov. and Lietzensia polymorpha gen. et sp. nov. Finally, our analyses of partial genomic data from several Chlorobotryaceae representatives identified genes for hallmark flagellar proteins in all of these strains. The presence of the flagellar proteins strongly suggests that zoosporogenesis is a common trait of the family and also occurs in the members never observed to produce flagellated stages. Altogether, our work paints a rich picture of one of the most diverse principal lineages of eustigmatophyte algae.

Phytochemical Classification of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Kidney Disease Based on Traditional Persian Medicine.

Methods This review was focused on studying the various secondary metabolites in model plants of Iranian herbal medicine known as treatment of kidney diseases in traditional Persian medicine textbooks including Makhzan-ol-Advieh, The Canon of Medicine, and Taghvim al-Abdan fi Tadbir al-Ensan. Results Secondary metabolites of 94 medical plants belonging to 42 families were reported with their scientific and family name. Conclusion Although herbal medicines are gaining rapid popularity among people and the pharmaceutical industry, the understandings of the phytochemical and therapeutic properties of medicinal plant are important for developing effective nephroprotective medicines. Therefore, the relationship between traditional uses and biological properties should be clearly verified through further studies.

Peptide Isolated from Noni Seeds Confers Gastroprotective Effect by Improving Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice

Plant molecules are continuously investigated to prevent and treat inflammatory and ulcerative disorders associated with the gastrointestinal tract, such as gastritis, colitis, mucositis, and ulcers. However, most of the published work is devoted to investigating the therapeutic properties of secondary plant metabolites. This work investigated the gastroprotective activity of a lipid transfer protein isolated from Morinda citrifolia L., named McLTP1, when orally administered to mice from the perspective of its use as a novel peptide-based drug for the prevention and treatment of ulcerative gastric lesions. Pretreatment with McLTP1 at different doses (4, 8, or 16 mg/kg) reduced ethanol-induced gastric lesions (p < 0.05) by 40%, 84%, and 88%, respectively. In ethanol-induced gastric lesions, alterations in the levels of glutathione (GSH) (↑100%; p < 0.05) and a reduction of 45% (p < 0.05) in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were demonstrated after McLTP1 administration (8 mg/kg). McLTP1 showed an anti-inflammatory effect through modulation of the cytokines IL-10 (↑33%) and TNF-α (↓54%) and was able to reduce myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels (↓95%) in gastric tissue. In addition, the gastroprotective effect of McLTP1 also involves the production of nitric oxide. The present findings reveal that McLTP1 has a gastroprotective effect dependent, at least in part, on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.I confirm that the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence.

An Individual Level Method for Improved Estimation of Ethnic Characteristics

This paper develops an improved method for estimating the ethnicity of individuals based on individual level pairings of given and family names. It builds upon previous research by using a global database of names from c. 1.7 billion living individuals, supplemented by individual level historical census data. In focusing upon Great Britain, these resources enable, respectively, greater precision in estimating probable global origins and better estimation of self-identification amongst long-established family groups such as the Irish Diaspora. We report on geographic issues in adjusting the weighting of groups that are systematically under- or over-predicted using other methods. Our individual level estimates are evaluated using both small area Great Britain census data for 2011 and individual level data for asylum seekers in Canada between 1995 and 2012. Our conclusions assess the value of such estimates in the conduct of social equity audits and in depicting the social mobility outcomes of residential mobility and migration across Great Britain.

Role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound with Perfluorobutane in lesion detection, guidance for microwave ablation, and response assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

To evaluate role of perfluorobutane in guiding microwave ablation of HCC and to compare treatment response at 3h of ablation using contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) with Sonazoid with 1-month follow-up contrast-enhanced CT/MRI. This was a single center prospective study and consecutive patients planned for microwave ablation of HCC from October to November 2021 were enrolled. Pre-procedure CEUS were performed using Sonazoid in both vascular and Kupffer phase and number of Kupffer defects compared with gray scale US. Precise needle placement of microwave applicator was done in the Kupffer phase. 3hours post ablation CEUS was repeated to evaluate response assessment using Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Treatment Response criteria (LR TR). One-month follow-up imaging was done using multiphasic CECT/dynamic CEMRI and comparison was done with post procedure CEUS.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 5 Given name: [Manoj Kumar] Last name [Sharma]. Author 6 Given name: [Shiv Kumar] Last name [Sarin]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct. all the names and affiliations are correct RESULTS: A total of 26 patients (24 males and 2 females, mean age 61.38 ± 9.76years) having 40 lesions, of mean tumor diameter 21.4 ± 7.7mm, underwent CEUS and ablation. Most common etiology for cirrhosis was viral hepatitis, followed by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Four (10%) additional lesions (which were seen on pre-procedure imaging) were detected in Kupffer phase over gray scale US. All lesions showed complete response in the immediate post procedure CEUS. Technique efficacy at 1-month was 95% according to the LR TR criteria.Please check the edit made in article title and amend if necessary.The edit is correct and appropriatePlease check and confirm that the authors and their respective affiliations have been correctly identified and amend if necessary.All the names and their respective affiliations are correct CONCLUSION: CEUS with Sonazoid is an excellent modality for precise needle placement for ablation due to stable nature and excellent lesion visibility of Kupffer phase.

‘I will marry Ruth so that the name of the dead will not be blotted out’: Exploring הסך (hesed) in Ruth 4:1–13

The literary construct of Ruth 4:1–13, which borders on the marriage union of Boaz and Ruth, is underscored with the loving-kindness of God. Boaz was not obligated under any legal requirement to marry Ruth. However, following the kinsman-redeemer’s abdication of his right of inheritance, Boaz declared in an unrestrained utterance before the elders of the Israelite society his intention to marry Ruth (the Moabite woman and the wife of the dead Mahlon) in order to perpetuate the name of Mahlon. It was considered a great misfortune in ancient Israel for a man to die without having a son to continue the family name. This decision of Boaz in accepting to take the responsibility of a redeemer for Ruth is arguably a demonstration of kindness, for this gesture surpasses the call of required responsibility. This study adopted a literary approach to read the text of Ruth 4:1–13 against the sociological lens of ethnic exclusion.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The pericope of Ruth 4:1–13 celebrated Boaz’s marriage with Ruth in order to perpetuate the name of the dead amongst his clan in Israelite society. Boaz truly understood the threat of family extinction that weighed upon Naomi and Ruth, and hence, he was stimulated to take the responsibility of a redeemer for Ruth so that Elimelech’s family would not be blotted out amongst his people. Disciplines implicated were Old Testament exegesis and sociology.

Ágoston Berecz. Empty Signs, Historical Imaginaries: The Entangled Nationalization of Names and Naming in a Late Habsburg Borderland.

Ágoston Berecz. <i>Empty Signs, Historical Imaginaries: The Entangled Nationalization of Names and Naming in a Late Habsburg Borderland</i>.

GreenMolBD: Nature Derived Bioactive Molecules' Database.

One of the essential resources for developing new drugs are naturally derived biologically active lead compounds. Biomedical researchers and pharmaceutical companies are highly interested in these plant-derived molecules to develop the new drug. In this process, collective information of the plants and their phytoconstituents with different properties and descriptors would greatly benefit the researchers to identify the hit, lead or drug-like compound. Therefore, the work intended to develop a unique and dynamic database Green- MolBD to provide collective information regarding medicinal plants, such as their profile, chemical constituents, and pharmacological evidence. We also aimed to present information of phytoconstituents, such as in silico description, quantum, drugability and biological target information. For data mining, we covered all accessible literature and books, and for in silico analysis, we employed a variety of well-known software and servers. The database is integrated by MySQL, HTML, PHP and JavaScript. GreenMolBD is a freely accessible database and searchable by keywords, plant name, synonym, common name, family name, family synonym, compound name, IUPAC name, InChI Key, target name, and disease name. We have provided a complete profile of individual plants and each compound's physical, quantum, drug likeliness, and toxicity properties (48 type's descriptor) using in silico tools. A total of 1846 associated targets related to 6,864 compounds already explored in different studies are also incorporated and synchronized. This is the first evidence-based database of bioactive molecules from medicinal plants specially grown in Bangladesh, which may help explore and foster nature-inspired rational drug discovery.

Dominique Kirchner Reill. The Fiume Crisis: Life in the Wake of the Habsburg Empire.

Dominique Kirchner Reill. <i>The Fiume Crisis: Life in the Wake of the Habsburg Empire</i>.