Perceptions Of Family Members Research Articles

Do Attachment Styles and Family Functioning Predict Adolescents’ Problematic Internet Use? A Relative Weight Analysis

The increased use of Internet in the last decade has led to problematic behaviour that can affect people’s individual and social functioning, especially among younger individuals. This study aimed to explore the relation between problematic Internet use (PIU), attachment style, and perception of family functioning in adolescence. Participants were 306 Italian adolescents (62.7% females and 37.3% males) aged from 15 to 18 years (M = 16.07, SD = 0.91). Participants completed the following measures: the Young’s Internet Addiction Test (Y-IAT), the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), and the Family Assessment Device (FAD). The results of regression and relative weight analyses showed that family functioning and attachment styles were important predictors of adolescent PIU. In particular, a greater perception of family members as being interested in and placing value on each other’s activities and concerns (i.e., affective involvement) and a greater perception that tasks were clearly and equitably assigned to family members (i.e., roles) were associated with less PIU. In contrast, a greater anxious-preoccupied attachment was associated with a greater risk of PIU. In line with these results, it would be recommendable the development of family-focused prevention programs for all adolescents at risk of PIU before they develop a full Internet addiction. Further research on this topic is needed to develop a specific, autonomous, and comprehensive diagnostic process for PIU to avoid conceptual and treatment overlap between PIU and other kinds of addictive behaviors.

The Perspectives of the General Population and Relatives of Cancer Patients with Respect to the Do-Not-Resuscitate Order.

BackgroundA do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order is a medical decision that instructs healthcare providers to withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitations (CPR) to patients in case of cardiopulmonary arrest in respect to their wishes. In Saudi Arabia, the decision is usually made by physicians based on the Fatwa number 12086 regardless of the patients’ or their families' desires. Assessing the knowledge, perception, and attitude of Saudi family members towards this medical decision may help guide medical practitioners to make decisions that are legally and ethically acceptable for the patients and their family. Therefore, this study aimed to assess their knowledge, perception, and attitude about DNR decisions and to determine demographic variables that affect their attitude towards DNR decisions.MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to January 2018 utilizing survey distribution through emails and different social media outlets including Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and LinkedIn. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to elicit responses regarding knowledge, perception, and attitude towards DNR decisions. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Windows version 17 (SPSS v.17) (IBM Corporation, USA) was used for data management and analysis.ResultOf the 1882 participants who filled the questionnaire, only 1693 participants were eligible as the study sample population and were included in the final data analysis. Most of the participants were from the Makkah region (72.2%) and were mainly from the general population (61.66%). Participants were mainly females (66%) and within the median age of 30 years (IQR: 21). As expected, participants who had heard about the DNR practice were from the medical field (58.6%) and they were mainly distant relatives. Almost 76% of the participants had two to four incorrect answers about the DNR practice, and it indicated that participants have inadequate knowledge about a DNR order. Most of the participants (43.2%) refused to be on a DNR order if they were diagnosed with a terminal illness. However, most participants (69.9%) wanted to have an involvement in the decision-making of being on a DNR order. In terms of willingness to understand and learn about the DNR decision, 1475 (87.1%) of the participants wanted to learn more about the DNR practice. Being a relative of a terminally ill cancer patient did not have a significant effect on the knowledge and perceptions of participants about being on a DNR order. However, having a background in medicine was found to be significantly associated with their acceptance to be on a DNR order. The knowledge score regarding DNR was found to be significantly associated with higher acceptance towards DNR orders.ConclusionThe majority of participants had a lack of knowledge about the DNR practice. Their religion’s concept of hope and virtue is considered as the major reason for their DNR order refusal. However, proper education about the DNR practice and involvement in the DNR order decision-making will increase the participants’ knowledge and will improve their acceptance of the DNR practice.

Family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and invasive procedures: a meta-synthesis.

To synthesize the best qualitative evidence regarding the perception of family members, patients and health professionals about family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and invasive procedures. Systematic review with meta-synthesis performed in the databases of Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, MEDLINE, Embase and VHL. Articles published between 2010 and 2017 were included and evaluated with use of the Qualitative Data Extraction Instrument. In total, were found 2,391 articles, out of which 26 were selected, and 24 were analyzed. The identified meta-theme was 'A pendular perspective: different views on family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and invasive procedures', which is supported by the following themes: Benefits resulting from family presence; Disadvantages and/or limiting factors of family presence; and Context: environmental, sociocultural and care factors influencing the perception of family presence. The perception of family members, patients and professionals about family presence is still controversial. The sensitization of these subjects can potentiate the practice by making it more systematized and qualified.

Satisfaction of Family about Health Care Services in the Oncology and Blood Diseases Centre

Family satisfaction is defined as the degree to which family members feel happy and satisfied with one another. The actual symptoms of a disease, its treatment and the perception of patients, family members and society can cause difficulties with family satisfaction with health care services. The objectives of this study are to assess the levels of family satisfaction with health care services in Al Hussein Medical City, the relationship between family satisfaction and health care services and the relationship between family satisfaction and demographic data. A quantitative descriptive study was carried out in order to achieve the goals stated earlier. The result shows that there is a clear correlation between family satisfaction and health care services (71.3%). Most family members were very satisfied with the care given to cancer patients. Efforts to improve the nature of interactions and communication with families may lead to improvements in satisfaction. Families can provide valuable information about the quality of care provided at end-of-life chemotherapy centres. Their perceptions of communication, decision-making, nursing care, the intensive care environment and spiritual support strongly influence their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the care. Personal and frequent contact assists in the decision-making process as does compassionate nursing care.

The Predictors of and Motivations for Increased Family Involvement in Nursing Homes.

Quantitative and qualitative data from a statewide survey of family members of nursing home residents were analyzed to determine the predictors of, and motivations for, family involvement. We examined 3 types of involvement: visiting, providing personal care, and family-staff communication. Our mixed methods approach used (a) multilevel regression models to examine predictors of family involvement, including family member perceptions and resident, family member, and facility characteristics, and (b) a thematic analysis of qualitative data regarding the experiences of family members and their motivations for involvement. Families were more involved when a short-term stay (<3 months) was expected, and when residents were in poorer physical condition. Spouses and female family members were more involved than others, yet the effect of gender varied by relationship type. At the facility level, families of residents in rural facilities reported less family involvement. Aside from these commonalities, predictors of each type of involvement varied. Themes from the qualitative data identify unique motivations for each type of involvement-to enhance residents' identity, care, or quality of life. Families visit more and provide more hands-on assistance when they are not confident in the care being provided or the well-being and stability of their resident loved one. Receiving adequate information, perceiving staff as friendly, and residents as looking well cared for promote greater family-staff communication. Findings can inform strategies to increase meaningful family involvement in nursing homes.

A pilot study assessing the burden of caregivers of elderly patients at University College Hospital UCH.

12 Background: Caregiver burden is defined as “the perception of stress and fatigue caused by the sustained effort required in caring for persons with chronic illness or other conditions with special needs for care”. It is a type of stress or strain experienced by caregivers, which is directly/ indirectly related to the challenges/problems they face as a result of the health status of the person cared for. Stucki et al. 2000, described the carers burden as “strain or load borne by a person who cares for a chronically ill, disabled, or elderly family member”. Caregiver burden is response to physical, psychological, emotional, social, and financial stressors associated with the caregiving in a multidimensional way. It is the psychosocial and physical reaction to the imbalance of demands placed on the caregiver by various factors, including personal time, multiple roles, physical and emotional states, financial resources, and formal care resources. The caregiver's perception of the burden, rather than the perception of other family members or healthcare providers, determines the impact of this burden on his or her life. Methods: Caregivers of elderly patients attending the geriatric and medical outpatient’s clinics at UCH completed a caregiver strain index scale, over a 2 month period. Demographic information regarding gender, age, were obtained and scaled questions were ticked. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS statistics 21. Results: Eighty-five participants completed the caregiver strain index scale. The socio-demographic data described age and gender. Most participants fell in the 31 - 40 and 41 - 50 age groups (41.2% for each group). Fifty-eight (68.2%) were females while 27 (31.8%) were males. Most common strain variable was demand on time with percentage 54.1% (46). Twenty-nine (34.1%) had moderate level of stress (4 - 6) , while 32 (37.6%) had mild level of stress, and 17 (20.0%) had high level of stress. One participant had the highest score index was 11 while 13 (15.3%) had scores of 3 and 13 (15.3%) had scores of 5. Conclusions: The study showed that caregivers of elderly patients have high burden in the demand on their time and need supportive/collaborative systems which includes palliative care to help with the task of caring for these elderly ones.

Events That Help and Hinder Family–Teacher Communication Within SWPBIS: A Qualitative Analysis

To explore family–professional partnership within schoolwide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS), we conducted a qualitative analysis of the perceptions of family members of students with Tier 1 and Tier 2 behavior support needs related to events that impact the quality of their communication with teachers. Family member participants were recruited from three elementary schools implementing SWPBIS with fidelity. Family members reported experiences that they perceived as having helped and hindered communication with teachers related to their children’s behavior. Participants also described ideas that they wished to express to teachers related to supporting their children’s appropriate behavior and preventing challenging behavior. Findings were consistent with the family–professional partnership research literature and highlight the importance of the consistent implementation of SWPBIS practices for building and fostering effective family–teacher relationships. Implications for practice, study limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Abstract 136: Family Member Perceptions of Decision-Making for Comatose Survivors of Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is an unexpected event that can render patients incapable of decision-making, requiring a surrogate decision maker (SDM), most often a family member, to be engaged. Yet how SDMs understand the information provided, and how they view their experience of making decisions for cardiac arrest patients is not well understood. Methods: This inductive qualitative study utilized data from semi-structured open-ended interviews with SDMs for OHCA patients. SDMs were approached: 1) at the bedside for consent to contact; and 2) 30 days after discharge/death to consent to interview. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, recorded, and transcribed for analysis. Transcripts were read in entirety and thematically coded by two investigators. Results: Over a 5-month period (1/18-5/18), 7 SDMs consented; however, 11 individuals were interviewed, as 3 SDMs invited family members to join the interviews. SDMs were living spouses (2), adult children (2), a parent (1) and siblings (2). Within this sample, 71.4% (5/7) of SDMs decided to withdraw life sustaining therapy or discontinue resuscitative efforts for their family member. Overall, experiences varied dramatically, with some families reporting a positive experience and others clearly reporting concerns about how the decision making process occurred. Major themes identified that affected the experience of decision-making include how SDMs perceived provider communication style, how they processed medical uncertainty from the providers, confidence in their decisions, and finally, conflict/discordance between the medical team and family. Families identified the following factors that might improve the decision making process for future SDMs; 1) updated “goals for the day”; 2) access to medical records; 3) Access to protocols for post-arrest patients; 4) a consistent liaison to the medical team; 5) consistent messaging amongst the care team. Conclusions: In this sample of SDMs, experiences with decision-making were variable. Notably, communication factors predominated in SDMs experience with decision-making. Finally, multiple important factors were identified to assist future SDMs in decision making for post-OHCA patients.

A randomised controlled trial of an advance care planning intervention for patients with incurable cancer

BackgroundWe modified and evaluated an advance care planning (ACP) intervention, which had been shown to improve compliance with patient’s end of life (EoL) wishes, in a different patient population.MethodsPatients with incurable cancer, and a Family Member (FM), were randomised one-to-one to usual care or usual care plus an ACP intervention, between April 2014 and January 2017. Oncologists and participants were non-blinded. ACP was based on the Respecting Patient Choices model, with an offer to provide individualised ranges for typical, best-case and worst-case scenarios for survival time. Seven facilitators (two oncology nurses, two nurses and three allied health professionals) delivered the intervention within 2 weeks of study enrolment. The primary outcome measure, assessed by interviewing the FM 3 months after patient death, was the FM perception that the patient’s wishes were discussed, and met.ResultsSix hundred and sixty-five patients from seven Australian metropolitan oncology centres were referred for consideration by their oncologists, 444 (67%) met the study inclusion criteria and were approached by a study researcher. Two hundred and eight patients (47%) and their FM entered the trial as dyads. Fifty-three (46%) dyads in the ACP group and 63 (54%) dyads in the usual-care group had complete primary outcome data (p = 0.16). Seventy-nine patients and 53 FMs attended an ACP discussion. Mean length of discussion was 57 min. FMs from 23 (43%) dyads allocated to ACP and 21 (33%) dyads allocated usual care reported the patient’s EoL wishes were discussed and met (difference 10%, 95% CI: −2 to 8, p = 0.27). There were no differences in EoL care received, patient satisfaction with care; FM satisfaction with care or with death; or FM well being. Rates of palliative care referral were high in both groups (97% vs 96%).ConclusionsA formal ACP intervention did not increase the likelihood that EoL care was consistent with patients’ preferences.

Factors Affecting Family Presence During Fracture Reduction in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

IntroductionAsking family members to leave during invasive procedures has historically been common practice; however, evidence-based recommendations have altered the trend of family presence during pediatric procedures. The aim of this study was to determine factors related to family members’ choice to be present or absent during fracture reductions in a pediatric emergency department (ED), and their satisfaction with that choice.MethodsWe administered role-specific, anonymous surveys to a convenience sample of patients’ family members in the ED of a Level I pediatric trauma center. All family members were given a choice of where to be during the procedure.ResultsTwenty-five family members of 18 patients completed surveys. Seventeen family members chose to stay in the room. Family member satisfaction with their decision to be inside or outside the room during the procedure (median = very satisfied) was almost uniformly high and not associated with any of the following variables: previous presence during a medical procedure; provider-reported procedure difficulty, or anxiety levels. Family member perception of procedure success (median = extremely well) was also high and not associated with other variables. Location during the procedure was associated with a desire to be in the same location in the future (Fisher’s exact test, p=0.001). Common themes found among family members’ reasons for their location decisions and satisfaction levels were a desire to support the patient, high staff competence, and their right as parents to choose their location.ConclusionFamily members self-select their location during their child’s fracture reduction to high levels of satisfaction, and they considered the ability to choose their location as important.

The use of crack and other drugs: the perception of family members in relation to the support network in a reference center

The abuse of psychoactive drugs is a health problem throughout the entire world, as its magnitude pervades childhood and adult life. The objective of this article is to understand the feelings and perceptions of family members regarding the support network, care and treatment of their offspring who use crack and associated drugs, in the context of a reference center for treatment. In line with methodological approach, qualitative research was used, with data collected and analyzed under the light of Phenomenology. The research was conducted at Belo Horizonte's CERSAMi in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Eleven participants were interviewed, their participation being finalized at saturation point. The analysis was founded on three steps: description, reduction and phenomenological comprehension. Proposal for the work: the foundation, the presentation and the discussion are founded in the category Feelings and perceptions of family members in relation to the network for support, care and treatment. In the encounter with the subjects and during their immersion in discourse, moments which make family structure fragile are noticeable. In the day-to-day reality there becomes established a future of uncertainties in relation to the care, support and rehabilitation of the children.

Perception of family members regarding the support group conducted in a psychiatric intervention ward.

To analyze the perception of relatives of patients with mental disorders about the support group in a psychiatric hospitalization ward. This is a research with a qualitative, exploratory an descriptive approach, performed at a General Hospital in Rio Grande do Sul with ten relatives of patients who had been participating in a weekly support group. Data collection took place in October 2016, through semi-structured interviews. A thematic content analysis was used for the treatment of data, whence emerged the category: Perception of family members about the support group. The relatives perceive the group as a space that gives them strength and support, allowing for listening and experience exchange among its members, giving information on the disease and treatment, safety, and inserting the family in the treatment. The support group can be understood as a strategic action of caring for the family, affecting their lives and the treatment of those who are hospitalized.

Perceptions about pasung (physical restraint and confinement) of schizophrenia patients: a qualitative study among family members and other key stakeholders in Bogor Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia 2017

BackgroundThe UN resolution recommends treating all mentally ill patients with humanity and respect. However, social stigma continues to prevail for patients with schizophrenia. Physical restraint and confinement of the mentally ill is a well-known phenomenon in Indonesia and is termed as pasung.ObjectiveTo explore the perceptions of family members of patients of schizophrenia and other key stakeholders concerning pasung in Bogor Regency, West Java Province 2017.MethodsThis qualitative exploratory study was conducted in Bogor Regency, West Java Province from May to June 2017. This study involved 12 key stakeholders including family members, neighbors, community leaders, and mental health officers. In-depth interviews were conducted with family members (n = 3) who practiced pasung for patients with schizophrenia and key informant interviews of neighbors, community leaders (two household heads and one from a health cadre) (n = 3) and mental health officers of puskesmas (three midwives). Data triangulation was performed by interviewing residents and mental health workers. Content analysis was conducted and themes were identified based on valid inference and interpretation.ResultsFamily members and society in general perceived that pasung is necessary for security reasons due to the patient’s aggressive behavior such as physical violence to neighbors, stealing food etc. According to community leaders, families often do not respond to patient’s request to be released from pasung. Family members had financial constraints to seek mental healthcare and were also dissatisfied with available services. Healthcare providers highlighted the poor knowledge and prevailing misconceptions about schizophrenia in the community.ConclusionConcurrent efforts to strengthen basic mental health services and health education regarding schizophrenia, prevalent misconceptions, and importance of timely and appropriate treatment are needed, especially in rural settings.

US Ethnic Group Differences in Family Member Support for People With Diabetes in the 2nd Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) Study.

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to describe the perceptions of family members (FM) and people with diabetes (PWD) regarding the frequency and helpfulness of FM support for PWD, including differences among US ethnic groups.MethodsThe US 2nd Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) substudy was a survey of independent samples of 238 adult FM and 540 adult PWD. Outcome measures included ratings by FM and PWD of the frequency and perceived helpfulness of 7 FM support behaviors and composite scores for frequency and helpfulness.ResultsRatings of individual FM support behaviors were strongly correlated between FM and PWD but significantly different among behaviors. FM and PWD reported most frequent support for listening, assisting, and doing activities with PWD and reporting PWD was doing poorly least frequently. Both groups reported listening, assisting, and reporting PWD was doing well as most helpful; reporting PWD was doing poorly was least helpful. PWD rated support and helpfulness of most behaviors lower than FM. Composite measures of support frequency and helpfulness were strongly correlated for both FM and PWD. Ethnic minority PWD and FM reported most support behaviors as more frequent and more helpful than non-Hispanic white Americans.ConclusionsFM more frequently engage in the support behaviors they view as most helpful, but PWD perceive support to be less frequent and less helpful than FM. FM support differs across ethnic groups, with ethnic minorities reporting higher support frequency and helpfulness. Diabetes care providers should consider ethnic group differences in FM support for PWD.

The perceptions of nurses, patients and family members regarding nurses' empathetic behaviours towards patients suffering from cancer: a descriptive qualitative study

Background Although evidence suggests that empathic behaviour is an essential component in nursing care that affects the psychological distress experienced by cancer patients, it remains a neglected issue in nursing in Iran. Methods: This study was conducted on 33 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and were then analysed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Findings: Three categories of data thus emerged, comprising: (a) empathetic attention; (b) empathetic presence; and (c) the facilitators of empathetic behaviour. Conclusions: The findings can help oncology nurses provide more empathetic care to patients and their family members.

Review: The perceptions of nurses, patients and family members regarding nurses’ empathetic behaviours towards patients suffering from cancer: a descriptive qualitative study

Review: The perceptions of nurses, patients and family members regarding nurses’ empathetic behaviours towards patients suffering from cancer: a descriptive qualitative study

A qualitative examination of older adult and family member perceptions of living with intelligent sensors

A qualitative examination of older adult and family member perceptions of living with intelligent sensors

Offender and family member perceptions after an offender-focused hot spots policing strategy

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how both offenders and their families perceived their interactions with police and whether there were negative consequences of the offender-focused strategy that was implemented in a hot spots policing experiment.Design/methodology/approachData from interviews of 32 offenders and 29 family members are examined qualitatively for themes to evaluate how the strategy was carried out and how it impacted offenders’ behavior and both groups’ perceptions of the police detectives and the strategy overall.FindingsThe results show that there was overwhelming agreement by both offenders and their family members that the police detectives who contacted them treated both groups with dignity and respect. After the contact was over, the offenders appeared to commit less crime, followed probation more closely, and had positive feelings about what the police detectives were trying to do. Improvement of the offenders’ relationships with their families was an unanticipated finding indicating a diffusion of benefits of the strategy.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that when procedural justice principles are used in an offender-focused police intervention, positive impact can be achieved without negative consequences.Originality/valueThis is a rare example of an in-depth evaluation of the perceptions of offenders and family members contacted through a hot spots policing offender-focused strategy.

Codependência química: percepção de familiares de usuários de substâncias psicoativas de uma comunidade terapêutica do Sul do Brasil

O Objetivo é conhecer a percepção dos familiares de dependentes químicos, de uma comunidade terapêutica, acerca da codependencia química. Trata-se de uma pesquisa, cuja amostra constituiu-se por oito familiares. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da entrevista semiestruturada e pelo uso do diário de campo, no período de maio e junho de 2017, tendo como foco a percepção da família acerca da convivência com o dependente, os fatores de risco para o desencadeamento da codependência e as características mais frequentes dos codependentes. Mediante a análise textual discursiva, constatou-se que os familiares foram identificados como codependentes, a partir das características apresentadas, entre elas: medo, culpa, excesso de cuidado/controle e insegurança. O funcionamento do familiar com o dependente químico está relacionado às formas de interação estabelecidas com o todo e não somente com aquele que supostamente seria o responsável pela disfuncionalidade da família. A codependência aponta para um processo relacional amplo e complexo, que está em constante comunicação com diversos contextos, principalmente o social. Assim, faz-se necessário compreendermos as relações humanas, considerando as ciências naturais e sociais, percebendo a constante interligação entre o ambiente e as pessoas.

Effects of the use of interactive E‐books by intensive care unit patients' family members: Anxiety, learning performances and perceptions

AbstractIn an intensive care unit (ICU), patients' families play a very important role; however, they often lack medical knowledge and are extremely anxious, which could affect their ability to take care of the patients. The effects of giving conventional paper‐based instruction are limited in terms of improving patients' families' understanding of the facilities and the rules in the ICU and in reducing their anxiety. Therefore, in this study, an interactive e‐book was developed to present the nursing education content to ICU patients' family members. An experiment was conducted to compare the learning performances and perceptions of the patients' family members learning with the interactive e‐book and those who learned with the conventional approach. The research results showed that the nursing e‐book significantly improved the learning performances of the ICU patients' family members, although their anxiety was not immediately reduced. Moreover, the family members perceived that the e‐book was useful and easy to use, and generally showed high satisfaction with its use. This reveals the potential of using interactive e‐books to improve the quality of nursing service in hospitals.