Family Commitments Research Articles

Barriers and enablers of access to diabetes eye care in Auckland, New Zealand: a qualitative study

ObjectiveTo explore the barriers and enablers to accessing diabetes eye care services among adults in Auckland.DesignThis was a qualitative study that used semistructured interviews. We performed a thematic analysis and...

Distribution of informal caregiving for older adults living with or at risk of cognitive decline within and beyond family in rural South Africa.

Aging populations will increasingly need care, much of this provided informally particularly in rural areas and in low and middle-income countries. In rural South Africa, formal support is severely limited, and adult children are frequently unavailable due to morbidity, early mortality, employment and migration. We describe how care is shared within and between households. We conducted quantitative interviews with 1,012 household members and non-household caregivers of 106 older adults (age ≥54) living with or at risk of cognitive decline in rural Mpumalanga, South Africa. Using descriptive statistics and regression analysis, we described how care is shared, with particular attention to generational patterns of care. Spouses, the majority women, commonly considered themselves primary caregivers. informal care was spread among family, friends, and neighbors, most commonly by unemployed female relatives one or two generations younger than the recipient. A small number of paid caregivers, also mostly female, provided the most intensive care. Informal care for older adults was spread widely, predominantly from co-resident family but with important contributions from others. Family commitment to care reflected shared history, reciprocal relationships, and easy access to care tasks within the household. A deeper understanding of how informal care for older adults is shared is essential for developing targeted interventions.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Human Moral Decision-Making: Navigating Family Loyalty and Social Justice

In today's rapidly developing technological environment, artificial intelligence (AI) has been integrated into various social fields, bringing moral challenges to human interaction and decision-making processes. This study investigates the moral dilemmas individuals face when there is a conflict between family loyalty and social justice, especially in cases involving family members. The study used a sample of 117 participants to explore how individuals decide to expose or cover up minor thefts from family members and whether the participation of artificial intelligence affects their decision-making. Although artificial intelligence can guide decision-making according to legal standards, survey results show that humans usually tend to prioritize family relationships over this objective assessment, especially in the case of minor violations. This study has contributed to the fields of moral psychology and emerging artificial intelligence ethics. It provides empirical data on how the existence of artificial intelligence changes human responses to moral dilemmas involving family loyalty and fairness. The conclusion of the study points out that as artificial intelligence is further integrated into human moral decision-making, it faces major psychological and ethical challenges, which provides new insights into the potential role that artificial intelligence may play in solving or deepening future moral and social conflicts.

A learner experience framework for microcredential design and online learning

Microcredentials enable a digital transformation of educational offerings that build skills of learners and the capability of organisations; however learners struggle with balancing study on top of work and family commitments unless they are motivated and self-regulated in their learning. Designing microcredentials that intrinsically motivate learners, enhance their ability to study independently, and build the skills they need, particularly in online and distance delivery modes requires intentional learning design approaches. However, limited research exists on innovative learning design approaches to microcredentials. To address this gap, a novel framework was developed, and learners’ experience (LX) was examined via interviews and survey data. The findings reveal that learners want their learning experience within a microcredential to facilitate career progression and help them apply their new skills in different contexts. Learners report that activities where they interact with working professionals, create portfolios of learning, and work through industry-relevant case studies motivates them to succeed.

PREPAREDNESS AND CUIDANDO CON RESPETO: A CULTURE-CENTERED APPROACH FOR LATINX CAREGIVERS

Abstract The Latinx community is the largest racial minority in the United States, yet many Latinx families are in socially vulnerable positions due to immigration crisis, discrimination, health inequities, and poverty. These factors have been shown to impact Latino mental health and well-being; particularly in the caregiving role. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2021) have recommended advancing the field by understanding the cultural aspect of dementia and caregiving in diverse populations and the resultant implications. An Evidence-Based Program, Cuidando con Respeto, aims to empower Spanish-speaking caregivers of loved ones with Alzheimer’s Disease. Fifty-eight Latinx rural dwelling caregivers, primarily daughters, caring for their elder parents with dementia were surveyed about their perceptions of the Cuidando Program and how prepared they felt for their caregiving role. Qualitative analysis of caregiver responses on Program effectiveness and perceptions of preparedness in caregiving areas, e.g., information, revealed overwhelming positive benefits. Caregivers felt more prepared for their caregiving role and appreciated learning coping strategies with disruptive behaviors. The Promotora-led training resulted in greater reported self-efficacy. Level of preparedness is an important caregiving dimension to address, especially with culturally diverse communities having strong cultural caregiving norms. The incidence of Latinx caregivers is rising; however, available culturally appropriate services are lacking, especially in rural areas. Familismo, a Latinx primary cultural value, refers to the importance of strong family loyalty, and contributing to the well-being of the nuclear, and extended family, and kinship networks. Cuidando con Respeto shows promise in empowering caregivers within a familismo-culturally relevant manner.

PRIORITIZING FAMILY COMMITMENTS OVER EDUCATION: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS’ TRANSITION FROM CAMPUS TO CAREER

This research project is a qualitative multiple-case study that examines the experiences of English major students as they transition from campus to their professional careers. The study incorporates in-depth interviews with three participants and their respective informants to gain a comprehensive understanding of how family commitments impact the educational and career paths of these students during this critical juncture. The research aims to fill a gap in the literature by focusing on the experiences of English major students and the role of family commitments in shaping their educational and career paths. The study is informed by previous research that suggests that family commitments can significantly influence a student's ability to pursue their academic and career goals. By exploring the experiences of English major students, the study seeks to shed light on the ways in which these commitments impact the transition from campus to career. The study's findings will contribute to our understanding of the challenges that English major students face when transitioning from campus to career, particularly in the context of family commitments. The study will also provide insights into the ways in which students navigate these challenges and the strategies they use to balance their academic and career goals with their family commitments. KEYWORDS: Family Commitments, Education, multiple case study, English major students, Davao del Norte, Philippines

Exploring gender roles in German interventional radiology - how progressive are we?

This article presents the results of a nationwide survey addressing the status quo of gender equality and family friendliness within German interventional radiology (IR) with a focus on clinical entry and career development.All members of the German Society for Interventional Radiology and Minimally Invasive Therapy (DeGIR) were invited to participate in an online survey between November 2021 and February 2022. The survey consisted of 39 questions on demographic information, marital and parental status, experiences with entry and promotion in IR, family friendliness, and equality. A descriptive analysis of the responses was conducted.197 surveys from female (n=76; 39%) and male (n=121; 61%) interventional radiologists at various stages of training and career were analyzed. Fewer female attending physicians (58%) and chiefs of departments (23%) lived with children compared to male attending physicians (76%) and chiefs of departments (55%). Fewer men (4%) than women (41%) were primarily responsible for childcare. More female (55%) than male (6%) attending physicians worked part-time. Women rated entry into IR as more difficult than men. 55% of women felt disadvantaged by their gender (men: 6%); this was due to assumptions that women "perform less than men" (46%), "drop out due to family commitments" (35%) and that "men are promoted preferentially" (19%). 54% believed that it is more difficult for women to combine work and family. The reasons for this are "family commitments" and "lack of flexible work schedules and childcare". Parents with primary responsibility spent less than 50% of their working time on clinical interventions. Fathers from a younger generation were more likely to take parental leave than fathers of a previous generation (52% vs. 17%). Similar numbers of men (51%) and women (55%) planned to work part-time in the future.There are gender-specific differences in the German IR. To ensure sustainable recruitment of young talent, measures such as the normalization of flexible work schedules should be introduced to create equal conditions for women and men, as well as mothers and fathers, and thus take changing (family) structures adequately into account. · There are gender-specific differences in career entry/career development in German interventional radiology.. · Working conditions must be adapted to ensure the next generation.. · Changing family structures must be adequately taken into account.. · Dewald CL, Blum SF, Becker LS etal. Exploring gender roles in German interventional radiology - how progressive are we? Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; DOI 10.1055/a-2427-0303.

AI-Driven Personalized Fitness Coaching with Body Type-Based Workout and Nutrition Plans and Real-Time Exercise Feedback

In today’s fast-paced world filled with distractions such as work, family, education and other commitments, people often have little time and energy to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Traditional fitness approaches frequently fail to meet the dynamic needs and expectations of modern users, leading to dissatisfaction and disengagement. A main problem of traditional systems is the lack of personalization for diverse users, that also monitors and tracks the workout progression. This study introduces an innovative system that creates a personalized workout and diet plan which aims to engage and motivate the user experience by individual personalization. Through means such as real-time exercise tracking and feedback mechanisms, this mobile fitness application aims to address limitations of traditional fitness approaches, proving fitness experience for users to achieve their health and fitness goals in a convenient and sustainable manner

A systematic literature review on how consumer and community involvement have shaped and influenced pre-pregnancy care interventions for women with diabetes

BackgroundDiabetes and pregnancy studies have found better outcomes when interventions were developed with consumer (individuals with lived experience of diabetes) and community involvement. When consumers are central to development and delivery of interventions, study participants have better engagement and outcomes, particularly for individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) and/or lower socio-economic backgrounds. Our study aims to examine the scope of consumer and community involvement (CCI) in the construction and implementation of pre-pregnancy care (PPC) interventions and discuss a framework for consumer-lead intervention development.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted, examining 3 electronic databases. A meta synthesis analysis of tabulated data summarized in a literature matrix was undertaken with a phenomenological approach to develop a Pre-Pregnancy Care CCI-Driven Intervention Framework.ResultsOverall, 4642 papers were identified, with 29 meeting inclusion criteria. The meta-synthesis and literature matrix identified several common themes across previous studies. These were: barriers to accessing (PPC) such as negativity and stigma in care from behaviours, attitudes and perceptions of HCPs; limited appointment availability not aligning with work and family commitments; fear of losing a “normal” pregnancy journey; awareness of risk but unwillingness to discuss if consumers have not established trust with HCPs; inaccessibility to CALD appropriate PPC and contraception; and digitisation of PPC information resources including peer support and social media. From these results, a PPC Consumer-Driven Intervention Framework for Women with Pregestational Diabetes was developed with recommendations.ConclusionConsumers have been under-involved in the majority of previous developments and implementation of interventions for women with diabetes and pregnancy, and their representation as stakeholders in interventions is paramount to the longevity of intervention outcomes. To assist community involvement in diabetes pregnancy intervention design and delivery we created a new framework, for improving clinical and social outcomes in healthcare, empowering relationships between HCPs and consumers, and highlighting the value of lived experience and women-centred care for increased community engagement.

Stress timing, trauma exposure, and family resilience differentially affect internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 3, 5, and 7 years of age

Mental health disorders are associated with decreased quality of life, economic productivity loss, and increased mortality. The association between stressful experiences and psychopathology is well documented. However, studies are needed to understand the impact of timing of stressful events, types of traumatic experiences, and of family resilience on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in early childhood. The present study used a longitudinal design towards this end. Parents (N = 456) completed study measures at infancy, 2 years, 3 years, 5 years, and 7 years. At 3 years, greater stressful events during the prenatal period, 1-2 years, and 2-3 years (B = 0.833–0.369, p = 0.028–0.046) predicted internalizing symptoms for female participants only. For externalizing symptoms at 3 years, every time point assessed was significantly associated with more symptoms across both sexes (B = 1.071–0.414, p < 0.001). At 5 years, both internalizing and externalizing symptoms were associated with a greater number of stressful events at every time point and across sexes (B = 1.372–0.465, p < 0.001–0.002). There was evidence for timing effects, including cumulative effects, sensitive periods, and recency effects. Exposure to interpersonal trauma associated with greater internalizing symptoms (B = 2.120, p = 0.002), whereas both interpersonal (B = 1.879, p = 0.005) and non-interpersonal (B = 1.223, p = 0.032) traumatic experiences were associated with greater externalizing symptoms. Aspects of family resilience including higher levels of family commitment, ability to face challenges, and sense of control reduced risk for internalizing symptoms (B = –0.496, p = 0.004) while only greater sense of control (B = –0.838, p = 0.040) reduced risk for externalizing symptoms at age 7 years, including in the context of trauma.

‘Flow’: A Film About the Disclosure of Childhood Sexual Abuse

Trauma-informed care is growing in importance in health and social care, with disclosure as a vital first step. Yet evidence suggests that individual interactions with professionals may not facilitate trauma disclosure. ‘Flow’ aimed to address this. The film represents a high-quality, behaviour change resource that can be utilised in a wide range of circumstances. It was co-produced by representatives from the University of Sheffield, NHS England, the Department of Health and people with lived experience of childhood sexual abuse. The film follows the story of Amy, who is preparing for her art exhibition when a comment reignites traumatic childhood memories. She wants to approach her General Practitioner for help but is hindered both by family loyalty and barriers to disclosure within the NHS. ‘Flow’ has been used both in statutory services and non-governmental organisations, as well as being selected for inclusion in two film festivals. It represents an innovative way to communicate research results and foster change.

Perception of Matched Sibling Hematopoietic Stem Cell Donor about Donation of Stem Cells

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the curative treatment option for a variety of hematological disorders. Usually, stem cells for HSCT are obtained from matched related donors through bone marrow harvest or apheresis. Although stem cell donation is relatively a safe procedure, there are many psychosocial concerns among potential donors regarding the donation of stem cells and its possible complications. The present study aims to understand the experience of being a hematopoietic stem cell donor for a sick sibling. Eighty hematopoietic stem cell sibling donors were interviewed with a self-structured questionnaire comprising of 3 domains-intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and deterrents. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using IBM SPSS® Statistics version 20.0. The present study found that nearly half of them (47.5%) were &lt;30 years of age with 52.5% being male, 57.5% were married and 53.8% were employed. 43.8% were graduates of which 7.5% had a family income of &lt;Rs.5,000. 51.2% hailed from rural backgrounds. The majority of them (90%) of them had no co-morbidities. All of them underwent local anesthesia and had peripheral stem cells as the source of harvest. None of them had a previous history of stem cell donation. The majority of the matched sibling donors were primarily influenced by intrinsic factors (median score-3.2). The influence of the deterrents is lesser than the influence of the motivators (median score-1). There is a statistically significant association between gender and the influence of extrinsic motivators (P = 0.024), marital status and deterrents (P = 0.003), and age and deterrents (P = 0.019) in the hematopoietic stem cell donation process. Among the deterring facets, the emotional concern of being responsible for the outcome of the transplant was the major barrier (45%). The family concern of taking up the burden of being a donor and a family member is the least deterring facet (62.5%). Among the intrinsic motivating facets, positive feelings (87.5%) and family loyalty (81.3%) were the major motivating factors whereas reinvesting back into the community was the least intrinsically motivating factor (32.5%). Among the extrinsic motivating facets, complete awareness of the donation process through explanation was the highly motivating factor (93.8%). Family pressure/social obligation was the least extrinsically motivating facet (83.8%). The study highlights the role of intrinsic motivation in the stem cell donation process and warrants for further exploration.

Dance movement psychotherapy for the deconstruction of power and identity in Mexican women in Spain: affective migration

A creative laboratory for Mexican women living in Seville was implemented from the psychodynamic perspective of dance movement therapy (DMT). The principal objective was to create a space for community meetings that would bring about dialogues on topics of interest for the participants. The thematic analysis method was used, observing that migration provides perspective when regarding problems pertaining to the country of origin, which are rooted in the body itself. Thanks to the distancing from cultural references and to the contact with new representations, certain questions and insights arise – regarding the way in which they relate to their body, to themselves, to other women, to the community and to the culture. The analyses show that the participants are in a process of deconstruction regarding power hierarchies, family loyalties, love, self-care, the position of women today; this allows them to make visible their internalised oppression.

Analyzing Factors and Reasons Behind NonAttendance of ENT Patients: Clinical Audit.

Objective: This study analyzed the frequency of follow-up patients at the ENT clinic and identified different factors that are associated with nonattendance at follow-up appointments since nonattendance imposes significant stress on the system of healthcare. Methods: This study was an ambidirectional cohort study and conducted a telephonic survey with 104 ENT patients who missed their appointments. Results: The findings of the study revealed that patients missed their scheduled appointments because of transportation problems (46%), professional engagement (46%), family problems (44%), and financial problems (32.7%). However, patients didn't identify forgetfulness about the appointment, complete recovery, and health-related issues on the day of the appointment as the barrier to missing their scheduled appointment. The study assessed the relationship between socioeconomic status and the frequency of follow-up patients in an ENT clinic where transportation factor (P < .000), working commitments (P < .004) affecting the "Lower Middle and Middle Class" individuals, and financial problems (P < .005), family problems (P < .028), feeling sick (P < .037) were significantly affecting the "Middle-Upper Class" and "Middle Class." Meanwhile, forgetfulness was not associated with the socio-economic status of the ENT patients (P = .237). Conclusion: This study found transportation, family, financial issues, and professional commitments to be the key barriers to ENT appointment attendance, with Lower-Middle-Class patients particularly affected by forgetfulness. These missed appointments negatively impact patient health and strain the healthcare system.

A Case Study of a Juvenile Offender's Antisocial Actions and Criminal Aspirations

This case study delves into the aggressive conduct and criminal goals of Master B, a 15-year- old adolescent who has been detained in a juvenile facility for five months on murder accusations related to a family property dispute. Master B testifies to deliberately killing another individual 16 times in retribution, motivated by strong resentment and family loyalty. His violent history includes a notable episode of aggressiveness at school, in which he beat an acquaintance for verbally assaulting his girlfriend. Despite his activities, Master B shows no regret and openly professes his desire to become a gangster, claiming that he intends to do more violent acts. His separation from cultural standards, academic failure, alongside lack interest in participating in rehabilitation are evident, despite the fact that he participates in academic endeavours and recreational carrom only sometimes whilst in the juvenile centre. Master B's treatment consists of planned learning opportunities and behavioral interventions; however, his persistent antisocial tendencies indicate the requirement for specific strategies that incorporate Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), anger management, and familial therapy to address his violent impulses and criminal ambitions. Anger management, logotherapy, interpersonal training, and criminal thought treatments are all possible methods for dealing with such conduct.

Conceptualizing work-life integration: A review and research agenda

The COVID-19 pandemic and global teams have significantly contributed to the rise of virtual teams and digital workspaces requiring a fundamental shift in viewing work and life as an integrated construct. While a vast majority of literature exists on work-life it is fragmented by sub-constructs like work-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, work-home interference, etc. The current paper looks at work-life integration as a harmonious amalgamation of an individual's personal and professional demands beyond just work and family commitments. The paper attempts to synthesise this literature across 116 articles and propose a comprehensive, future-relevant model of work-life integration that will guide future researchers and practitioners alike. The paper expands the existing academic knowledge by proposing an integrated model of work-life relationships including 5 key aspects of individual and self, work and career, home and family, community and connecting, and finally health and wellbeing. The recommendations from the paper can also better equip practitioners to manage work-life integration in virtual or hybrid workplaces and help HR practitioners design policy interventions for the same.

Procreative Possibilities: Analyzing The Philosophical And Ethical Dimensions Of Queer Couples Raising Children

Families are what matters the most, so how do queer families handle their roles? This research paper addresses the metaphysical aspects of queer couples raising children, going against traditional family roles. It also examines the ethics of parenthood, the associated moral considerations when queer couples decide to become parents and questions how responsibilities are perceived in queer households. It examines the ethical, social and legal implications of Aided Reproductive Technologies (ART) and adoption policies. Queer people have existed for centuries although these types of families are rather modern concepts. “Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) parents raise well-adjusted children” .The study endeavors to explore conventional beliefs about gender, sexuality, and the nuclear family by referencing feminist, queer, and intersectional theories. We wish to understand what prejudices are held against the children of these queer couples and how they handle such issues. In particular, the research focuses on the duties and ethical issues of persons who abandon past relationships or familial commitments to form queer families. It also explores the philosophical and ethical aspects of moving from a heterosexual lifestyle to a queer one. And in abandoning these responsibilities how these individuals disrupt the conventional family structures. It also looks at the positive ways in which such parenting can impact our societies and fundamentally change the way we look at diversity, equality and justice. In a changing society where traditional ideas of family are being reinvented, this research is crucial. It offers a thorough philosophical examination that can improve social fairness, guide public policy, and advance a more accepting conception of parenthood and family variety. Through an analysis of modern discussions and case studies, this paper seeks to enhance the understanding of family and parenthood to be more inclusive in the 21st century.

Exploring the Pathways to Specialization: A Scoping Review of Factors Influencing Orthopedic Surgery Residents’ Choice of Fellowship

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Orthopedic surgery is witnessing a substantial increase in fellowship training, with a notable shift from almost 50% practicing as "generalists" to less than 15% over the least 35 years. The Orthopaedic Fellowship Match has expanded to include various subspecialties, contributing to a favorable job market for fellowship-trained surgeons. However, the surplus of fellowship positions compared to graduating residents raises considerations regarding individualized selection processes and addressing disparities in the orthopedic field. Methods: A scoping review of the literature on orthopedic surgery fellowship choices utilized a literature search following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, which were subsequently analyzed using Covidence systematic review software; inclusion criteria encompassed primary, survey-based studies from 2010-2023, involving orthopedic surgery residents, fellows, attending physicians, and plastic surgery residents pursuing hand surgery fellowships, who completed their residency training in the United States. Data extraction involved compiling an evidence table encompassing respondent training levels, target demographics, survey types, factors considered, survey distribution details, response rates, results, and study limitations. Results: Intellectual curiosity dominated all other reasons for choosing fellowship among orthopedic residents across various studies, even when considering gender discrepancies and differing response measurement forms. The choice of surgical procedures also significantly influences the fellowship preferences of medical residents; factors such as the complexity and case variety, exposure to bread-and-butter cases, and surgical experience consistently emerge as crucial considerations in determining fellowship preferences, reflecting a common trend among applicants. Mentorship plays a pivotal role in residents' choice of subspecialty, particularly for female residents facing challenges finding mentors of the same gender. Other less prevalent contributing factors influencing a resident's decision in pursuing a specific fellowship include family commitments, financial debt, lifestyle preferences, previous research, and timing of their decision. Conclusion: The surge in orthopedic surgery fellowship training is marked by a substantial increase in graduates opting for subspecialization, driven by factors like intellectual interest, the nature of procedures in a specific fellowship, and mentor influence or experience. Our study emphasizes these factors as pivotal in residents' choices. However, the need for extensive prospective studies arises to conclusively ascertain if these influences remain consistent across all residents and if additional unexplored factors might play a more significant role in determining specific fellowship paths.

“I just kept asking and asking and there was nothing”: re-thinking community resources & supports for young adult stroke survivors

Purpose Stroke is often regarded as a disease of the elderly. However, 10–15% of strokes occur in people aged 18 to 50, and rates continue to rise. Young stroke survivors face unique challenges due to their occupational, family and personal commitments, which current stroke rehabilitation services may not fully address. Our qualitative study aimed to identify gaps in patient care and resources for young stroke survivors. We used these findings to develop recommendations to inform clinical care, healthcare system design, and health policy. Methods Using Interpretive Description, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 stroke survivors aged 18–55 living in British Columbia, Canada, to explore their experiences during stroke recovery and assess current gaps in support and resources. We applied broad-based coding and thematic analysis to the transcripts. Results Key themes included: (1) the need for longitudinal medical follow-up and information provision, (2) the need for psychological/psychiatric care, (3) the need to adapt community supports and resources to young survivors, and (4) the need to centralize and integrate community stroke services and resources. Conclusion Young stroke survivors experience unique challenges and lack appropriate services and resources. Many of our findings may be representative of remediable gaps that persist nationally and internationally.

Delivering therapy over telephone in a humanitarian setting: a pilot randomized controlled trial of common elements treatment approach (CETA) with Syrian refugee children in Lebanon

BackgroundIn recent years, the number of forcibly displaced persons has risen worldwide, with approximately 40% being children and adolescents. Most of them are hosted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many individuals meet the criteria for mental health issues, which can also be exacerbated by a number of risk factors, including low socioeconomic status, displacement, and stressors linked to conflicts in their country or region of origin. However, the vast majority never receive treatment for their psychological problems due to multiple reasons, including a shortage of mental health professionals in LIMCs, transportation challenges in accessing clinics, and clinic hours conflicting with family commitments. In the current study we investigated whether individual psychotherapy delivered by trained lay counsellors over telephone to Syrian refugee children living in Lebanon is effective and overcomes barriers to treatment access.MethodsAfter adaptation of Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) to remote delivery over telephone (t-CETA), preliminary effectiveness of the treatment modality was assessed with a pilot single blind randomised controlled trial including a total sample of 20 refugee children with diagnosed mental health problems. Data was analysed applying a Bayesian approach.ResultsThere was a significant session-by-session decrease in self-reported mental health symptoms over the course of treatment. Independent assessments showed that t-CETA resulted in a greater reduction of symptoms than standard in-person treatment as usual. There was no difference between groups for impairment. Importantly, the majority of children allocated to t-CETA completed treatment whilst no children in the treatment as usual condition were able to do so.ConclusionThe study provides preliminary evidence that telephone-delivered psychotherapy in a humanitarian setting, delivered by lay counsellors under supervision, works and significantly increases access to treatment compared to traditional in-person treatment. However, findings remain to be replicated in larger trials.Trial RegistrationClinical Trials. gov ID: NCT03887312; registered 22nd March 2019.