Family Impact Scale Research Articles

Oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescent with autism spectrum disorders and neurotypical peers: a nested case-control questionnaire survey.

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children with autism following an oral preventive regimen (ASDsP) was compared to that of children with autism without a preventive regimen (ASDsNP) and of neurotypical peers (NT). An online survey was carried out using the Parental/Caregiver Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and the Family Impact Scale (FIS). Scores were assigned to items, with the total score ranging from 0 to 120 (worst QoL). The median scores were compared amongst groups using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. A multivariate linear regression assessed the relationship between questionnaire scores and demographical variables. Overall, 168 questionnaires from the ASDsP and the ASDsNP groups, respectively, and 336 from the NT group were selected ASDsP compared to ASDsNP showed lower P-CPQ Emotional wellbeing, FIS Emotion (p < 0.01) and Conflict (p < 0.05), and FIS total score (p < 0.01). In addition, they were less nervous (p < 0.05), shy (p < 0.01), with better sleep (p < 0.05), and with happier parents (p < 0.01). Compared to NT, ASDsP showed higher P-CPQ + FIS, P-CPQ, and FIS total scores (p < 0.01) and P-CPQ Functional limitation, Social wellbeing (p < 0.01), Emotional wellbeing (p < 0.05), and FIS Activity, Emotion and Conflict (p < 0.01). The preventive regimen reduces parental stress, improving the quality of life of children and families.

Examining the psychometric properties of the CEFIS-AYA using item response theory.

The COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scale, Adolescent and Young Adult Version (CEFIS-AYA; Schwartz, L. A., Lewis, A. M., Alderfer, M. A., Vega, G., Barakat, L. P., King-Dowling, S., Psihogios, A. M., Canter, K. S., Crosby, L., Arasteh, K., Enlow, P., Hildenbrand, A. K., Kassam-Adams, N., Pai, A., Phan, T. L., Price, J., Schultz, C. L., Sood, E., Wood, J., & Kazak, A. (2022). COVID-19 exposure and family impact scales for adolescents and young adults. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 47, 631-640. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsac036) was developed to assess the pandemic's effects on adolescents and young adults (AYA). Via principal component analysis, measure developers examined the structure and reliability of the CEFIS-AYA and identified seven exposure and five impact components. This study built upon prior work through use of item response theory (IRT) models to characterize the dimensionality of the CEFIS-AYA, determine the strength of relations between items and underlying trait(s), and examine associations between trait scores and pandemic-related distress. This was a secondary analysis of data collected between July 2020 and July 2021 from three studies of emerging adults (ages 18-29; N = 834). The CEFIS-AYA structure was multidimensional, with the strongest support for five traits. Trait 1 represented pandemic impact on social/emotional functioning and self-care. Trait 2 reflected other pandemic disruptions. Trait 3 represented pandemic disruptions to education and/or other milestones. Trait 4 represented pandemic impact on physical well-being. Trait 5 assessed pandemic disruptions to work/financial circumstances. Item loadings and parameters indicated variability in how consistently trait level was associated with item endorsement. Trait scores did not predict distress, except that increases in Trait 3 were associated with lower distress. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the CEFIS-AYA among emerging adults using a statistical framework better suited for modeling categorical data. The identified dimensional structure was relatively consistent with the initial psychometric evaluation of the CEFIS-AYA, albeit more parsimonious. However, replication is critical in light of sample demographic characteristics.

Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in arresting early childhood caries: a randomised controlled clinical trial.

Evaluate the effectiveness of biannual 38% SDF in arresting early childhood caries (ECC) compared to atraumatic restorative treatment (ART). One hundred children (aged 2-5 years) with ECC were (2-5 years) divided equally and randomly into two groups. Test group: 38% SDF biannually; Control group: ART. The primary outcome was caries arrestarrest, which was assessed at the 3,6,9, and 12 months interval. Oral health- related quality of life (OHRQoL) was evaluated at base line and after 12 months using the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and Family Impact Scale (FIS). SDF was considerably more effective in arresting ECC after 12 months compared to ART. An overall significant improvement of OHRQoL was reported for both groups with SDF being faintly superior to ART.

Oral Health-related Quality of Life of Children with Special Health Care Needs in Riyadh: A Cross-sectional Study.

To assess children's OHRQoL and associated factors among a sample of children with special needs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A sample of 6- to 12-year-old children was obtained using convenience sampling from rehabilitation centers. Data were collected through a questionnaire and dental examination. The questionnaire included items related to the children's and their families' characteristics, oral health-related quality of life scales (Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire [P-CPQ] and Family Impact Scale [FIS]), perceived health status, and dental care utilisation. Clinical examination was performed by a trained and calibrated dentist. The data were analysed using SPSS; descriptive and inferential data analyses were also performed using SPSS. The mean P-CPQ was 1.10 ± 0.74, and the mean FIS was 1.39 ± 0.88. There was a statistically significant correlation between P-CPQ and caries (r = 0.36, p = 0.02). After controlling for confounders, caries was associated with poor P-CPQ (B = 0.06, p = 0.024). Compared to low-income families, higher-income families had better P-CPQ (4000-8000 SAR: B = -1.36, p = 0.001). Poor oral health-related quality of life in Saudi children is associated with caries and low income. Preventive measures addressing social determinants are vital to control caries and promote oral health in children with special health-care needs.

Evaluation of quality of life scores and family impact scales in pediatric patients with alopecia areata: a cross-sectional cohort study.

There are a limited number of studies evaluating the effects of alopecia areata (AA) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of pediatric patients and their families. This study aimed to assess the HRQoL of pediatric patients with AA and their parents. This single-center cross-sectional cohort study included 72 pediatric patients diagnosed with AA. The study was conducted between December 2020 and December 2021 in the dermatology department of a single tertiary center in Turkey. The HRQoL index of the pediatric patients was assessed with the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI). At the same time, their parents, who were primarily involved in the disease process, were evaluated using the Dermatological Family Impact Scale (DeFIS). An ordinal logistic regression model was used to detect predictors for CDLQI severity. The mean ± SD CDLQI of the pediatric patients who participated in our study was 8.4 ± 5.3, corresponding to moderate impairment. The highest impairment in CDLQI was observed in the symptoms and feelings domain, while the slightest impairment was observed in the domain of personal relationships (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score and all CDLQI domains, and the most substantial relationship was with the leisure domain (r = 0.78, P < 0.001). DeFIS scores of female patients were substantially higher than males (25.3 ± 8.6 vs. 17.6 ± 9, P = 0.001). Our study supports that AA is a disease that significantly impacts the HRQoL of affected children and their families.

Oral habits, sociopsychological orthodontic needs, and sociodemographic factors perceived by caregivers impact oral health-related quality of life in children with and without autism?

Caregivers play a crucial role in assessing the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study assessed the impact of sociodemographic and oral conditions on OHRQoL and family dynamics in young individuals with and without autism, as perceived by guardians. This comparative cross-sectional study included young individuals aged 6 to 14 years and their guardians. Data were collected at a specialized institution and dental schools. Guardians completed the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ), Family Impact Scale (FIS), and sociodemographic and oral habits questionnaires. The sociopsychological need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The sample included 144 youths and caregivers. The ASD group had higher P-CPQ and FIS scores. Factors associated with poorer perceived OHRQoL included higher youth age, lower caregiver education, higher IOTN scores, teeth clenching (RR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.41), and lip sucking. Lower parental education (RR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.10-2.80) and higher IOTN scores from the caregiver's perspective impacted family dynamics. Caregivers of young individuals with ASD perceived a lower OHRQoL, and families in this group were more affected by sociodemographic and oral conditions.

Validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised for Dental.

This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the "Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised for Dental" (IPQ-RD) in parents/guardians of children aged six to 14 years. The sample consisted of 63 parents/guardians of schoolchildren from the municipal school system of Teófilo Otoni, MG. Remote and virtual data collection consisted of self-completion of personal data, socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian short versions of the "Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire" (16-P-CPQ) and the "Family Impact Scale" (4-FIS). The IPQ-RD was applied by telephone interview. Almost half of the sample belonged to socioeconomic classes C1 and C2. Approximately 1/3 classified their child's oral health as "regular" or "poor", while 11.1% reported "strong" or "very strong" impact on their child's well-being. The items most frequently cited as having an impact on the four domains of the 16-P-CPQ were: "bad breath" (23.8%), "mouth breathing" (20.7%), "feeling anxious or afraid" (20.7%), and "paying attention at school" (10%). In the 4-FIS, 11.1% "had little time for themselves or the family". There were higher IPQ-RD scores in the "disease coherence" domain for women and lower values of "emotional dimensions" for parents/guardians with incomplete education. The mean IPQ-RD score was 126.4 (±15.1), and domain scores were positively correlated. The internal consistency was "almost perfect" for the IPQ-RD total score, ranging from "moderate" to "almost perfect" for the "child-control" and "child-consequences" domains. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.04 (poor) to 0.68 (substantial). The Brazilian Portuguese version of the IPQ-RD proved to be valid and reliable for assessing the cognitive and emotional perception of parents/guardians about childhood dental caries.

Parental emotions in families of children and adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder.

This study assessed the influence of sociodemographic conditions, oral hygiene habits, and the socio-psychological need for orthodontic treatment on the emotions of caregivers of children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study with families of individuals aged 6 to 14 years at a reference center for neurodevelopmental disorders and two dental school clinics in northeastern Brazil. Caregiver emotions were assessed using the 'Parental Emotions' domain of the Family Impact Scale (FIS). We analyzed sociodemographic variables, oral hygiene habits, and sociopsychological need for orthodontic treatment using the esthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). We used descriptive and hierarchical Poisson regression analyses with robust variance (α = 5%). The study included 144 families evenly distributed across the groups. The caregiver group with ASD demonstrated a higher total score for parental emotions (p < 0.001). Factors associated with this factor included caregiver responsible for brushing (PR = 1.34; 95%CI: 1.12-1.59), mandatory need for orthodontic treatment (PR = 1.25; 95%CI: 1.07-1.46), and caregivers' education up to 8 years (PR = 1.45; 95%CI: 1.02-2.07). Caregivers with lower income showed a lower prevalence of parental emotions (PR = 0.57; 95%CI: 0.35-0.93). Caregivers of children with ASD exhibited a higher emotional burden. Factors associated with parental emotions included responsibility for tooth brushing attributed to caregivers, sociopsychological need for orthodontic treatment, and family income.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Quality of Life of Children With Cancer.

Background/objectives: Little is known about the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) of children with cancer who may be more vulnerable to the pandemic's effects. We examined associations between COVID-19 exposure and impact on parent-proxy reported QoL in children with cancer, and potential moderation based on the child's cancer status (i.e., time since diagnosis, on/off treatment). Design/method: Parents of children with cancer were recruited February-April 2021 via Facebook and Momcology. Parents completed the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scale and a child QoL measure. Controlling for parent age, income, child age, and child sex, we examined the indirect effect of COVID-19 impact on the association between COVID-19 exposure and parent-proxy reported child QoL, as well as the moderating role of cancer status. Results: Parents (N = 401) reported lower child QoL scores (M = 59.74) than prepandemic reports of children with cancer, t(735) = -6.98, p < .001. Mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect, 95% CI [-0.47, -0.13]: Higher COVID-19 exposure was associated with higher COVID-19 impact (a = 0.47, p < .001), which was related to lower QoL (b = -0.56, p < .001). The association between impact and QoL was stronger as time since diagnosis increased (95%CI [-0.08, -0.001]), yet treatment status did not moderate this path. Conclusions: Parents who report greater COVID-19 impact may also report lower QoL in their children with cancer, especially further from diagnosis. Nurses and clinicians should be aware of the pandemic's negative impact and screen for COVID-19 related distress. Additionally, results highlight the importance of long-term, family-centered care, regardless of whether children receive treatment or survivorship care.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS OF THE ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF AUTISTIC AND NON-AUTISTIC CHILDREN AFTER FULL MOUTH REHABILITATION UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA

Objectives: To compare the parental perceptions of the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) of autistic and non-autistic children after full mouth rehabilitation under general anesthesia (GA). Methods and Materials: The study included 114 autistic children and 116 children without autism. Two years after receiving therapy under GA, participating parents completed a condensed version of the Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and Family Impact Scale (FIS). Demographic data was collected. Oral symptoms, social health, psychology, functional limitation, and family affect ratings. Mean, standard deviation and statistical differences between groups were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Children with autism received higher overall P-CPQ scores than children without autism, according to the frequency distribution of the P-CPQ for parental perception when children with and without autism were compared. In all four domains, when scores were compared according to the domain, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores. According to the FIS frequency distribution, children with autism had higher total FIS scores than children without the condition. The change was not statistically significant, though. Only parental emotions showed a statistically significant difference when scores were examined by domain. Conclusion: Children with autism and children without autism score the same on the P-CPQ, indicating that the impact of comprehensive rehabilitation under GA is positive for both types of children. Parent emotions may not change immediately following the complete rehabilitation under GA which may be required to be handled separately to boost the confidence of the patient. Keywords: Autistic, children, general anesthesia, parents, perception

The Impact of Dental Pain on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of Preschool Children in Austria.

Dental pain in children is a global public health burden with psychosocial and economic implications, challenging families and pediatric dentists in daily clinical practice. Previous studies have addressed the exclusive impact of either caries, dental trauma, malocclusion, or socioeconomic status on OHRQoL. Even though such examples can surely cause dental pain in children, so far only little research on the correlation of dental pain as a general symptom of different underlying causes and OHRQoL has been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of dental pain on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children between the ages of 0 and 6 years old and subsequently compare the results to a control group free of tooth ache. Children and their adult caregivers were recruited from the Emergency unit of the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University Clinic of Dentistry in Vienna. The caregivers completed the German version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS-G). Afterwards, the children were clinically examined. The cause for dental pain, dmf-t index, and plaque accumulation were collected. In total, 259 children with a mean age of 4.2 years (SD ± 1.5 years) were included in the study group. Their mean ECOHIS-G score was 9.0 (SD ± 7.4), while the control group only amounted to a score of 4.9 (SD ± 5.6). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant in both ECOHIS-G subsections, the child impact scale (CIS) and the family impact scale (FIS) as well as the ECOHIS-G sum score (p < 0.05). Dmf-t index and plaque accumulation significantly correlated with CIS and ECOHIS sum score (p ≤ 0.05). The reduction in quality of life was nearly twice as great in the children with dental pain as in the control children. The ECOHIS-G is a valid instrument for measuring the OHRQoL of children with dental pain between the ages of 0 to 6.

Changes in Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life of Egyptian Children Treated under Dental General Anesthesia: A Prospective Study.

Treatment of young children under dental general anesthesia (DGA) is sometimes necessary due to lack of cooperation and the complexity of dental treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children following treatment under DGA. A consecutive sample of 88 children aged 5 and younger who were referred to the department of pediatric dentistry, Cairo university, Egypt, for treatment under DGA was included. Parents were asked to complete the Arabic version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (A-ECOHIS) questionnaire before and 4 weeks after treatment. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare baseline and follow up scores. Effect sizes (ES) were also calculated. The overall ECOHIS scores decreased significantly from 16.72 (±7.07) to 0.9 (±3.08); (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) after treatment under DGA, demonstrating a large effect size of 2.2. The scores of the two subscales of the ECOHIS, the child impact scale (CIS) and the family impact scale (FIS), also decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Treatment under DGA not only improved the OHRQoL of the Egyptian children in our sample significantly, but also had a positive effect on their families' quality of life.

The Impact of Type 1 Diabetes on the Family and Related Factors

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the impact of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and related factors on children and families. Methods: The descriptive study was conducted with the parents of 175 children aged 6-18 years with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The data were collected using the "Child and Family Information Form" and the "Diabetes Family Impact Scale (DFIS)." pResults:It was determined that the parents' total median DFIS score was 21.42 (9.52-35.71) and the highest median score was 33.33 (11.11-66.66) in the "finances" sub-dimension score. There was a significant difference between the child's school success and the parents' "school" sub-dimension median scores, the mother's employment status and the "work" sub-dimension median scores, and the family's income level and the DFIS total median scores (pConclusions and Recommendations:It was concluded that diabetes mostly adversely affected the family in terms of "finances." It was also determined that the negative impact of diabetes on the family was higher in children with poor school success and in families where mothers were unemployed and whose income was less than their expenses. The negative impact of diabetes on the family increased as the ages of the child, mother, and father and the duration of diagnosis decreased and the HbA1c level increased. In line with the research findings, one should be aware of the factors (child's age, child's school success, parental age, parental employment status, family income level, duration of diagnosis, HbA1c level) that affect the negative effects of diabetes on the family. In addition, it is recommended to plan and implement the necessary initiatives to prevent the negative effects of diabetes on the family (especially in the financial field) since the child's diagnosis of diabetes.

Does Function Level of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder Affect The Family Impact?

The aim of our study is to examine the effect of differences in the levels of functionality of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on level of family involvement.Our study has been carried out with the relatives of ASD individuals attending Aydın Efeler Municipality Autism Sports and Life Center. The Pediatric Functional Independence Criterion (WeeFIM) has been used to determine the functional independence levels of children, and The Family Impact Scale (FIS) has been used to measure the impact on the families of children with chronic disabilities. Our study was completed with the assessment of 98 individuals diagnosed with ASD (age=10.17±5.11, gender=15 female/83 male) and 98 pairs of their parents. The total WeeFim score was determined as 94.73 ±20.26 (independent) and the family impact scale scores were determined as 63.03 ± 12. The correlation analysis showed the sub WeeFIM impact the financial burden my family, self-care, communication, social status were statistically significant and weak correlation score between the total score (p&amp;lt;0.05; respectively, r=-0.025, r=-0.027, r=-0.310, r=-0.273). There was also a statistically significant, negative and moderate correlation between the total impact score of the FIS and the social status of the WeeFIM (p&amp;lt;0.00; r=-0.402).This study shows that family influence on individuals with ASD affects their social status. In addition, self-care, communication skills, and social status negatively affect individuals with more financial problems. In families with individuals with ASD, the independence of children affects the quality of life of families.

Parental Perception of the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

This study evaluated the parental perception of the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their family functioning. Moreover, sociodemographic factors associated with parental ratings of OHRQoL were assessed. A hundred parents/guardians of children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years with ASD (ASD group) and 101 unaffected children and adolescents (UCA group) participated. Data collection was carried out using a Google form, containing three sections: (1st) Socioeconomic data and health history; (2nd) Oral health assessment by parental report; (3rd) The short forms of the Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (16-P-CPQ) and the Family Impact Scale (4-FIS). The scores of 16-P-CPQ total and subscales and 4-FIS were significantly higher for the ASD group (p < 0.02), except for the oral symptoms subscale (p > 0.05). Older ages (OR = 1.24), brushing 0/1x day (OR = 2.21), teeth grinding (OR = 2.20), gingival bleeding (OR = 3.34), parents with an elementary school degree (OR = 0.314) and family incomes less or equal to the minimum wage (OR = 3.049) were associated with a worse OHRQoL. Parents in the ASD group had a worse perception of QHRQoL when compared to the UCA group. ‘Frequency of tooth brushing’, ‘gingival bleeding’, and ‘teeth grinding’ were predictors of the worst parental perception of their children’s OHRQoL. Families with low socioeconomic conditions were more strongly affected by the oral conditions of their children.

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Improvement in Children with Special Needs Following Comprehensive Dental Treatment under GA: A Saudi-Based Follow-up Study

Introduction: Children with Special Healthcare Needs (CSHCN) are considered difficult to maintain oral hygiene and challenging for caregivers and dentists to attain cooperation in dental treatment under general anaesthesia. Family Impact Scale (FIS) and Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) are useful tools to assess patient’s oral health quality of life and caregivers perception. Aim: To assess the impact of dental treatment under general anaesthesia on the quality of life and oral hygiene of CSHCNs, as perceived by caregivers. Materials and Methods: This prospective follow-up survey study was carried out at Dammam Medical Complex, Saudi Arabia, from December 5th, 2019 to December 15th, 2021. The CSHCN of either gender, aged 12 years, and falling within the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) definition of special-needs patients referred for invasive procedures under general anaesthesia (American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II), were included. The baseline and, after a one-year follow-up, information obtained from two surveys that were altered from Thompson’s P-CPQ and FIS were decoded into the numeric ordinal scales Never (“0”), Once or Twice (“1”), Sometime (“2”), Always (“3”), and Daily (“4”). Analysis of the collected data was done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: A total of 84 participants were caregivers of CSHCN who underwent dental procedures under General Anaesthesia (GA), of whom 77 (91.7%) were mothers and 7 (8.3%) were fathers of the CSHCN. The mean age of children was 8.29±2.14 years (Range= 3-12 years); 38 (45.2%) were males and 46 (54.8%) were females. The median FIS after treatment was zero, compared to the median before treatment which was 2, revealing a significant impact on being absent from work, a child requiring more care, the impact of presence, sleeping disturbances, feeling angry, feeling guilty, and a child disputing or blaming either parent (p&lt;0.001). Following the pattern of one year post-treatment FIS, median was 0 (Never) for all items including halitosis, pain, food trapped in palate and teeth, swallow, breath, time, sleep, irritable, frustrating, nervous, shy, absent, laugh, and continue school (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: The modified FIS and P-CPQ evaluations before and after dental treatment under GA revealed a significant improvement in the oral health quality of life for those CSHCN, as well as the impact on their caregivers. Regular check-ups would be useful for early and non invasive intervention without GA.

Impact of Oral Health on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) among Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities in Chennai, India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The risk of developing oral diseases is higher among individuals with disabilities compared to those who do not have any form of impairment or disability. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the two most prevalent diseases among the individuals with disabilities worldwide and dental treatment is considered as the greatest unattended health need and oral diseases can have varying impacts on well-being and life quality of people. Aim: To assess the impact of oral health on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of patients with intellectual disabilities in Chennai, India. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional school-based study which was conducted in the Department of Public Health Dentistry, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai,Tamil Nadu, India, from August 2021 to September 2021. Study was conducted among the parents of 12-25- year-old intellectually disabled individuals studying in special schools in Chennai, India. The estimated sample size was 122 with 95% of power and effect size of 0.3. OHRQoL of the participants with intellectual disabilities was assessed using the short-form versions of the Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and impact of Oral health on the family life of participants with intellectual disabilities using Family Impact Scale (FIS). Clinical examination of oral health status was assessed using self-designed proforma based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) basic oral health survey 2013. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 24.0. Results: The number of participants between 12-18 years was 111 (91%) and 19-25 years was 11 (9%) and 68 (55.7%) were males and 54 (44.3%) were females. The results showed that most of the parents 83 (68.03%) were concerned about their child’s bad breath with regard to P-CPQ and with regard to the FIS highest mean was recorded for child needs more attention from them (2.93±0.89) and sleep disturbances (2.80±0.49) among parents. Most (n=52, 42.6%) of them had decayed teeth compared to filled (n=14, 11.5%) and missing teeth (n=17, 13.9%). Majority (n=83, 68.1%) of the participant had fair oral hygiene. There was a positive correlation of oral symptoms and social well-being with the dentition status, Oral Hygiene IndexSimplified (OHI-S) and gingival index. Conclusion: A positive correlation was recorded between the oral symptoms of P-CPQ with the oral health status of the study population with stronger correlation recorded for oral hygiene. With regard to functional limitation there was a negative correlation with gingival index and for emotional well-being there was a negative correlation with dentition status and gingival index.

Maralixibat Treatment Response in Alagille Syndrome is Associated with Improved Health-Related Quality of Life

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of treatment response to the ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor maralixibat on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with Alagille syndrome. This analysis used data from the ICONIC trial, a phase 2 study with a 4-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized drug withdrawal period in children with Alagille syndrome with moderate-to-severe pruritus. Clinically meaningful treatment response to maralixibat was defined a priori as a ≥1-point reduction in the Itch-Reported Outcome (Observer) score, from baseline to week 48. HRQoL was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core, Family Impact, and Multidimensional Fatigue scale scores, which were collected via the caregiver. The minimal clinically important difference for HRQoL ranged from 4 to 5 points, depending on the scale. Twenty of the 27 patients (74%) included in this analysis achieved an Itch-Reported Outcome (Observer) treatment response at week 48. The mean (SD) change in Multidimensional Fatigue score was +25.8 (23.0) for responders vs -3.1 (19.8) for nonresponders (P=.03). Smaller and non-statistically significant mean changes were observed for the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core and Family Impact scores. Controlling for baseline Family Impact score, responders' Family Impact scores increased an average of 16.9 points over 48weeks compared with non-responders (P=.05). Smaller and non-statistically significant point estimates were observed for the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core and Multidimensional Fatigue scores. The significant improvements in pruritus seen with maralixibat at week 48 of the ICONIC study are clinically meaningful and are associated with improved HRQoL. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02160782.

Impacts of childhood malocclusion on the family.

To analyze the effects of children's malocclusions and associated quality of life on family relationships by evaluating psychometric characteristics of the Family Impact Scale (FIS) in adolescents seeking orthodontic treatment. Included were 334 participants (children aged 11-14years; 53% female and 47% male) and their parents (84% mothers, 16% fathers) who were recruited at two dental clinics in Croatia. The Child Perception Questionnaire, Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire, and FIS were administered. Malocclusion severity was estimated using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need Dental Health Component. The presence of caries was also recorded. Factor analysis, t‑test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Unidimensional FIS measuring global family impacts had higher internal consistency (α = 0.73-0.81) compared to the specific dimensions of family impacts (α = 0.60-0.69). Global family impacts were higher in children with more severe malocclusions and existing dental caries, primarily influencing parental activity, and parental emotions dimensions (p < 0.05). In multiple regression, parental perception of child's emotional well-being, oral symptoms, and social well-being (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of global family impacts, whereas child's quality of life perception, malocclusion severity, or child sex were not. Reduction of an increased overjet by orthodontic treatment affected changes in the global family impacts, mainly by reducing the emotional issues of parents (p < 0.05). The child's malocclusion influenced the family, primarily parental emotions. Family influences were mostly determined by parental perception of the child's altered psychosocial well-being. The FIS had adequate psychometric properties.

Use of P-CPQ to measure the impact of oral health on the quality of life of children with special health care needs

Introduction and objective: the WHO defined the concept of quality of life as the self-perception that the individual has about his position in the social, cultural and ideological context, being these factors the main responsible for denoting the worst parameters regarding oral health care during the dental clinical examination performed by the dentist. To evaluate the impact of oral health on the quality of life of children with special health care needs aged 7 to 14 years old and the influence of different types of specialties on the quality of life, in the view of parents/caregivers in the Brazil southeast region. Materials and methods: the sample was composed of 62 children enrolled in municipal public schools and the Association of Parents and Friends of the Exceptional. The validated Parental- Caregivers Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ) was used as an instrument for data collection, applied in the home environment and answered by the main responsible. The relation between demographic factors, type of special need and P-CPQ was evaluated with alpha of 0.05. Results: the worst parameters in Family Impact Scale were observed when the mother and father was responsible for data transmission (p= 0.004). Oral health was associated with the worst parameters of oral symptoms on quality of life in the view of parents (p = 0.012). There was no statistically significant difference regarding the impact of the child's type of specialty on quality of life. Conclusion: the variables caregiver and oral health status child are related to the worst indicators regarding the impact of oral health on quality of life.