Family History Of Seizure Disorder Research Articles

Co-morbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children with seizure disorders at University of Gondar referral hospital Ethiopia (2016)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a disorder in which a person is unable to control behavior due to difficulty in processing neural stimuli, accompanied by an extremely high level of motor activity. The prevalence is much higher ranging from 8 to 77% among children with seizure disorders than in the general population. When attention deficit hyperactivity disorder presents in children with seizure disorder, it makes the treatment complicated and the prognosis poor. Hence, understanding the magnitude of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated factors would be important to have a policy intention towards these people and to design appropriate interventions. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and associated factors in children with seizure disorders. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted by taking 260 children who have follow ups in the pediatric seizure clinic. The systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit participants. A structured, pretested and interviewer-administered questionnaire which included questions on associated factors and standard disruptive behavioral disorder rating scale was used to collect data. Data were coded, entered and cleaned by using the Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. The multivariate binary logistic regression was used to check the association between independent and dependent variables. Variables with significant associations were identified based on adjusted odds ratio, with a 95% CI and p-value of < 0.05 will be considered as statistically significant. The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among epileptic children was found to be 115 (44.2%),with a confidence interval of (38.1–50.5),out of which only 3 (2.6%) were detected as having mental health problems by the clinician. The predominant subtype was inattentive type 96 (61.1%). Factors significantly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were male sex (AOR = 2.70 CI 1.46–4.97), family history of seizure disorder (AOR = 2.42 CI 1.26–4.65), family history of mental illnesses (AOR = 4.14 CI 1.76–9.68), sudden onset of the seizure (AOR = 2.37 CI 1.32–4.27), and uncontrolled seizure (AOR = 2.55 CI 1.41–4.61). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was common among children with seizure disorders in the study area. Male sex, sudden onsets of seizure, family history of seizure, and that of other psychiatric disorders as well as uncontrolled seizures were factors that increased the odds of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, interventions that would address such factors would help to overcome further complications.

ETIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SEIZURE IN CHILDREN ADMITTED IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTHERN INDIA

Introduction: Convulsions are one of the most common paediatric neurological disorder worldwide. It could either be idiopathic or secondary to disease process of brain. Incidence of convulsion is highest among children younger than 3 yrs. Aims And Objectives: Current study was done to know the proportion of idiopathic epilepsy and secondary seizures. It further aimed to identify various aetiologies of convulsion in children between 1month to15years of age. Materials And Methods: It was a descriptive study conducted in patients admitted in emergency and indoor of department of paediatrics, Patna Medical College and Hospital, over a period of 2 years from October 2014 to September 2016. Children from 1 month to 15 years of age with seizures were studied to know the various aetiologies and proportion of idiopathic or secondary seizures. Results: During study period, 200 children between ages 1 month to 15 years, with convulsion, were enrolled. Seizures were found to be more common in males (67.5%). Secondary seizures were present in 90% cases and idiopathic epilepsy accounted only for 10%. GTCS was the commonest type of seizure both in idiopathic epilepsy (100%) as well as in secondary seizure group (87.77%). Family history of seizure disorders was present in 13% of cases. Developmental delay was found in 11.5% cases, whereas 88.5% children were developmentally normal. Infective aetiologies were the commonest cause followed by febrile seizures. Febrile seizures were commonly seen in age group between 1yr - 5yrs (23.75%). Hypocalcemic seizures were mostly seen in the age group of 1month to 1 year (17.5%). Japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus as a cause of viral meningoencephalitis were found in 10% and 5% respectively. Conclusion: Incidence of idiopathic epilepsy was less common than secondary seizures. GTCS was the commonest seizure type. CNS infection and febrile seizures were common causes of convulsion in this age group. Bacterial infections were the commonest CNS infections. Serum electrolytes, lumbar puncture, neuroimaging, EEG were important tools in reaching diagnosis

CLINICAL AND INVESTIGATIVE FEATURES OF SEIZURE IN CHILDREN ADMITTED IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTHERN INDIA

Introduction: Convulsions are one of the most common paediatric neurological disorders worldwide, with its incidence being highest among children younger than 3 years of age. It is also one of the most frequent causes for visit to the pediatric emergency department and could either be idiopathic or secondary to disease process of brain. Seizures lead to alterat Aims and objectives: ions in the laboratory values and reect changes in different organ systems. This study was done to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, EEG and CT ndings in cases of seizure among children between 1month to15years of age. It was a descriptive study conducted in patients admitt Materials and methods: ed in emergency and indoor of department of paediatrics, Patna Medical College and Hospital, over a period of 2 years from October 2014 to September 2016. Children from 1 month to 15 years of age with seizures were studied to know the proportion of idiopathic or secondary seizures and to evaluate various laboratory, EEG and CT ndings in these cases. During study period, 200 children between ages Results: 1 month to 15 years, with convulsion, were enrolled. Seizures were found to be more common in males (67.5%). Secondary seizures were present in 90% cases and idiopathic epilepsy accounted only for 10%. GTCS was the commonest type of seizure both in idiopathic epilepsy (100%) as well as in secondary seizure group (87.77%). Family history of seizure disorders was present in 13% of cases. Developmental delay was found in 11.5% cases, whereas 88.5% children were developmentally normal. Commonest symptoms associated with secondary seizures were fever (86.11%), altered sensorium (77.22%), and cough (38.89%). Headache, vomiting, ear discharge, rashes were other symptoms. Altered sensorium (69.5%), neck stiffness (33%), cranial nerve involvement (16%) were commonest signs. Hypocalcemia, hyponatremia and hypoglycaemia were found in 4.5%, 1.67% and 1.11% cases respectively, in cases of secondary seizures. CSF analysis was done in all 200 cases and was found to be normal in all cases (100%) of idiopathic epilepsy, whereas it was abnormal in 81% cases of secondary seizures. Abnormal CSF ndings included low CSF glucose (24.69% cases), high CSF proteins (100%) and CSF pleocytosis in 82.71% cases. EEG was also done in all cases, and was found to be abnormal in 85% cases of idiopathic epilepsy, whereas 43.89% cases of secondary seizures had abnormal recordings. Abnormal EEG recordings were abnormal background activity in 60.41%, generalised interictal discharges (IED) in 77.08% and focal IED in 21.87%. Abnormal CT scan ndings were seen in 60(45.8%) cases. Out of these 60 cases, commonest CT scan abnormalities seen were cerebral oedema (45%), cerebral atrophy (20%), and hydrocephalus (16.7%). Other CT ndings were ring enhancing lesions, basal exudates, infarcts etc.

A Study of clinical and laboratory profile of children presenting with febrile seizures in a teaching hospital

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common cause of convulsions in children. Although most febrile seizures are benign, the child must be evaluated immediately to reduce parental anxiety, to identify the cause of fever and preventable risk factors if any. It is essential to exclude underlying pyogenic meningitis, either clinically or if any doubt remains, by lumbar puncture. The present study evaluated the common risk factors associated with febrile seizures and the conditions causing fever commonly associated with febrile seizures, the morbidity profile and laboratory profile in children presenting with febrile seizures to identify preventable risk factors if any. Methods : n=50 Children in the age group of 6 months to 5 years admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunoor, Karimnagar with Febrile Seizures diagnosed as per AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) guidelines, taken up for the study and compared with 50 other children in the same group with fever but without seizures. Both the study group and control were examined, investigated and compared against each other concerning the clinical and laboratory profile. RESULTS: In the present observational prospective study, the incidence of febrile seizures was more in children less than 24 months of age (78%), with a Male children Preponderance (58%). There were more children with Pallor (70%), Family History of Seizure Disorder (30%), and Consanguinity (38%) in children with Febrile Seizures. URI &amp; Viral fever (44%) were the most common etiological factors for fever among the study group. On investigation, many children with Febrile Seizures had low Haemoglobin levels (60%) and Microcytic Hypochromic blood picture (58%). There was no significant abnormality in Total &amp; Differential Leucocyte Count, Serum Calcium, Electrolyte, Random Blood Sugar levels among the Cases and Controls. Conclusion: Young age (&lt;24 months), family history of febrile seizures and family history of epilepsy are risk factors for febrile seizures. Consanguinity among parents was an incidental finding in children with febrile seizures. Many children with febrile seizures had Microcytic Hypochromic anemia pointing towards iron deficiency thus iron supplementation to prevent anemia may lead to decreased incidence of development and recurrence of febrile seizures. Association of serious infectious diseases with febrile seizures is rare. Laboratory investigations should be directed towards the identification of the cause of fever and not an evaluation of seizure.

SUN-446 RENAL ANGIOMYOLYPOMAS IN SPORADIC LYMPHANGIOLEIOMYOMATOSIS

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare multisystem disease that mostly afflicts young women. The average age at presentation is typically between the mid-thirties and mid-forties but can extend to eighties. Sporadic LAM is used for patients with LAM not associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). A 46 year old female initial presentation with shortness of breath at age of 43. Part of her evaluation for dyspnea included CT Chest which showed multiple thin-walled cysts and some reticular changes, which were compatible with Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and chronic interstitial lung disease, pulmonary function test revealed an obstructive pattern. CT and MRI abdomen done for surveillance showed multiple hepatic hemangiomas with bilateral renal masses represents angiomyolipoma. She had no other pulmonary complications. Patient denied personal of family history of seizure disorders, no skin lesions apart from the chronic idiopathic urticaria. There is no family history of Tuberos sclerosis. Her renal function was normal through out her follow up period. started initially on tamoxifen but she was shifted to sirolimus due to side effects. Follow up imaging showed stable renal masses. Clinical presentation: Pulmonary manifestations include fatigue, progressive dyspnea, spontaneous pneumothorax, pleural effusion which is most likely due to chylothorax and occurs in 10-30 % of patients in LAM. Exertional dyspnea is the most common presenting symptom and 1/3 of women with LAM have reversible airflow obstruction, which is confused with other obstructive lung diseases. Non pulmonary manifestations include Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) which are benign masses that contain blood vessels, muscle tissue, and fat. They occur in approximately 30% of patients with sporadic LAM & usually asymptomatic unless lesions are >4 cm it may present with abdominal pain due to hemorrhage specially if the mass contains aneurysm. Tuberous sclerosis is suspected if lesions are large, bilateral and multiple or if there is renal impairment. usually it is incidentally discovered on CT abdomen but Ct chest should be considered in case of large, bilateral lesions are present,11 % of patients with sporadic AMLs have cystic changes in the lung consistent with LAM. Renal AMLs are typically diagnosed by the presence of fat within a renal tumor on non contrast-enhanced CT. Fat-free or fat-poor AMLs can also occur, and must be distinguished from renal cell carcinomas, oncocytomas, or other more aggressive neoplasms, which can rarely complicate TSC and sporadic LAM.MRI can be more sensitive for detecting fat density. Vascular endothelial growth factor-D, VEGF-D levels are measured in the serum of patients with suspected LAM, in whom typical thin-walled cysts are found on chest CT and it is diagnostic for LAM if the level is greater than or equal to 800 pg/mL. The primary histopathologic abnormality is the proliferation of atypical smooth muscle like cells (LAM cells). Sirolimus, mTOR inhibitor, is a supportive but not curative medication. Lung function goes back to pretreatment function upon discontinuation of the medication,. Most renal angiomyolipomas do not require specific treatment unless big or hemorrhagic. Big tumors can be treated with embolization, radiofrequency ablation or partial nephrectomy if not responding to mTOR therapy.

Study of some epidemiological aspects of seizure disorders among children in rural area of a district

Background: Seizures are the most common paediatric neurologic disorder, with 4% to 10% of children suffering at least one seizure in the first 16 years of life. Most seizures occur before age 3 years.Methods: The present study was undertaken with an objective to study prevalence of seizure disorders among the children aged 14 years and below in rural area of a district and to study some socio-demographic factors and some risk factors associated with it among the study subjects. This was a community based cross-sectional descriptive study.Results: The prevalence of seizure disorder in the area studied was 10.84%. Of the total 1200 subjects examined, 52.67% were males and 47.33% were females. Mean age of the study population was 6.48±3.33 years, median was 6 years. Age, sex, family history, and socio-economic status were highly statistically significant with risk of seizure disorders (p&lt;0.01). H/o Head injury, H/o CNS infection were statistically age, sex, family history of seizure disorders and socio-economic status were independently associated with risk of seizure disorders (p&lt;0.01).Conclusions: prevalence of seizure disorder in the area studied was 10.84%.Significant association was observed between seizure disorder and age, sex, socio economic status, family history of seizure disorder, h/o infections and h/o head injury. Further research is needed to better understand the intricate relationship among socio-demographic risk factors and seizure disorders in order to ensure the best possible outcomes for individuals with seizure disorders.

Intermittent oral levetiracetam reduced recurrence of febrile seizure accompanied with epileptiform discharge: a pilot study

BackgroundIn previous study, we have found intermittent oral levetiracetam (LEV) can effectively prevent recurrence of febrile seizure (FS). This study aimed to analyze the effects of the preventive on the patients with frequent FS accompanied with epileptiform discharge.MethodsPatients with frequent FS were assigned to undergo Electroencephalogram (EEG). At the onset of fever, the patients who presented epileptiform discharge were orally administered with LEV with a dose of 15–30 mg/kg per day twice daily for 1 week, thereafter, the dosage was gradually reduced until totally discontinued in the second week. The seizure frequency associated with febrile events and FS recurrence rate during a 48-week follow-up were analyzed.Resultsamong the 19 patients presented epileptiform discharge on EEG, 31.58% (6 of 19) had complex FS, 68.42% (13 of 19) had simple FS. Up to 57.89% (11 of 19) had a family history of seizure disorder and 36.84% (7 of 19) had a family history of FS in first-degree relatives. 42.11% (8 of 19) happened the first FS episode at the age < 18 months. 36.84% (7/19) presented generalized spikes, 63.16% (12/19) showed focal spikes. During the 48-week follow-up period, the patients experienced 26 febrile episodes, none of them presented seizure recurrence.ConclusionIntermittent oral LEV can prevent the seizure recurrence of FS accompanied with epileptiform discharge in 48-week. However, further randomized controlled trials should be conducted.Trial registrationChiCTR-IPR-15007241; Registered 1 January 2014 - Retrospectively registered.

A prospective study of single versus recurrent episodes of typical febrile seizure among children attending a tertiary care hospital

Background: Recurrence in the febrile seizures is a significant problem after the seizure episode, and there is up to 30% chance of recurrence after the first episode and 50% chance after 2 or more episodes. Objective: The objective of the study is to do a comparative study of sociodemographic and hematologic profile of children aged 6 months–60 months admitted with single and recurrent episodes of typical febrile seizures. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care setting for a period of 2 and a ½ years. History, physical examination and hematologic investigations such as hemoglobin estimation, blood indices, and blood picture were done in all the study participants. Frequency of recurrence after the first episode cases was noted at 1 year after the seizure episode. Results: Of 121 total cases, 53.7% were of first, and 46.3% were of recurrent episodes of typical febrile seizure. Statistically, significant difference was noted in the age (p&lt;0.001) and gender distribution (p&lt;0.001). Statistically significant difference was noted between two groups regarding family history of seizure disorder (p=0.017), consanguinity (p=0.049), undernutrition (p=0.009), stunting (p=0.002), and anemia (p=0.027). Follow-up revealed recurrence of seizures in 13.8% after the first episode. Conclusion: Recurrence was noted in 13.8% of children with a first typical febrile seizure. We also found a significant association of recurrent episodes with age, gender, family history of seizure disorder, consanguinity, undernutrition, stunting, and anemia.

Is long QT syndrome a cardioneurologic or neurocardiologic disorder?

Although most long QT syndromes (LQTSs) are associated with ion channel gene mutations, the phenotype of the disease cannot be completely explained by what happens in the heart alone. Moss and McDonald reported a 39-year-old woman with abrupt and transient episode of syncope who received a unilateral cervicothoracic (stellate) sympathetic ganglionectomy. One year after surgery, the patient remained asymptomatic and was off medications. The QT interval shortened from 0.64 to 0.44 seconds or less. This case supports a hypothesis popular at that time that LQTS has a neurogenic etiology. The neurocardiogenic hypothesis of LQTS remains alive today because of the discovery of an association between LQTS and vasovagal syncope as well as between LQTS and seizure disorders. In our own experience at a new genetic clinic at the Krannert Institute of Cardiology, 1 of 4 (25%) patients with confirmed type 1 or 2 LQTS had a family history of seizure disorder. That patient had a pathogenic mutation in KCNH2 and documented torsades de pointes ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. The mother died of sudden death during a seizure episode, which is consistent with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. A niece with the same mutation had epilepsy and continued to receive antiepileptic treatment by her neurologist in spite of positive genetic testing results. It is possible that this family has 2 different diseases that negatively affect each other. However, it is also known that epilepsy can be misdiagnosed as LQTS and vice versa in some patients. Whether the symptoms associated with LQTS are neurocardiogenic, cardioneurogenic, or both may vary among patients. It remains an important topic of investigation. In this issue of HeartRhythm, Haugaa reports abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in 71% (12 of 17) of the individuals with LQTS mutation. All 12 patients had

Serial Auditory-Evoked Potentials in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of a Child with Landau-Kleffner Syndrome

A boy, aged 2 1/2 yr, experienced sudden deterioration of speech and language abilities. He saw multiple medical professionals across 2 yr. By almost 5 yr, his vocabulary diminished from 50 words to 4, and he was referred to our speech and hearing center. The purpose of this study was to heighten awareness of Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) and emphasize the importance of an objective test battery that includes serial auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs) to audiologists who often are on the front lines of diagnosis and treatment delivery when faced with a child experiencing unexplained loss of the use of speech and language. Clinical report. Interview revealed a family history of seizure disorder. Normal social behaviors were observed. Acoustic reflexes and otoacoustic emissions were consistent with normal peripheral auditory function. The child could not complete behavioral audiometric testing or auditory processing tests, so serial AEPs were used to examine central nervous system function. Normal auditory brainstem responses, a replicable Na and absent Pa of the middle latency responses, and abnormal slow cortical potentials suggested dysfunction of auditory processing at the cortical level. The child was referred to a neurologist, who confirmed LKS. At age 7 1/2 yr, after 2 1/2 yr of antiepileptic medications, electroencephalographic (EEG) and audiometric measures normalized. Presently, the child communicates manually with limited use of oral information. Audiologists often are one of the first professionals to assess children with loss of speech and language of unknown origin. Objective, noninvasive, serial AEPs are a simple and valuable addition to the central audiometric test battery when evaluating a child with speech and language regression. The inclusion of these tests will markedly increase the chance for early and accurate referral, diagnosis, and monitoring of a child with LKS which is imperative for a positive prognosis.

Evidence for a shared genetic susceptibility to migraine and epilepsy

Although epilepsy and migraine are known to co-occur within individuals, the contribution of a shared genetic susceptibility to this comorbidity remains unclear. We investigated the hypothesis of shared genetic effects on migraine and epilepsy in the Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project (EPGP) cohort. We studied prevalence of a history of migraine in 730 EPGP participants aged ≥ 12 years with nonacquired focal epilepsy (NAFE) or generalized epilepsy (GE) from 501 families containing two or more individuals with epilepsy of unknown cause. Information on migraine without aura (MO) and migraine with aura (MA) was collected using an instrument validated for individuals ≥ 12 years. Because many individuals have both MO and MA, we considered two nonoverlapping groups of individuals with migraine: those who met criteria for MA in any of their headaches (MA), and those who did not ("MO-only"). EPGP participants were interviewed about the history of seizure disorders in additional nonenrolled family members. We evaluated associations of migraine prevalence in enrolled subjects with a family history of seizure disorders in additional nonenrolled relatives, using generalized estimating equations to control for the nonindependence of observations within families. Prevalence of a history of MA (but not MO-only) was significantly increased in enrolled participants with two or more additional affected first-degree relatives. These findings support the hypothesis of a shared genetic susceptibility to epilepsy and MA.

Chest Pain in Children

Objectives: Chest pain (CP) is a common cause of referral the children to Hospital. The objective of this study is to describe current magnitude, causes, rate of cardiac chest pain, associated risk factors, and what is the ideal approach for this group of patients in pediatric emergency department and cardiology unit in. Patients and methods: this is prospective hospital based cross sectional study done in Pediatric Department, King Fahad Hospital Albaha Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from Jan 2010 till Jan 2013. The patients are aged from 5 to 12 year. A chest pain protocol was performed by Pediatrician on every patient, including a detailed history, full physical examination, complete blood count, ESR, blood sugar, electrolytes, (ECG) electrocardiogram, and Echocardiography. EEG had done only for patients with positive family history of seizure disorder.?Holter ECG done for pts with significant cardiac signs, and stress ECG done only for 2 pts. Patients with sickle cell anemia, CNS diseases, trauma associated chest pain, and syndromic pts, with chest pain are excluded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Odds, Odd-ratio and 95% CI. Results: 225 patients were seen in this study. 126 pts are male (56%) and 99 female (44%). Electrocardiography (ECG) and Echocardiography were done to all pts. Holter ECG monitoring done in 10 pts (4%). Idiopathic Chest Pain is the most common cause diagnosed in 125 patients (56%), it is more common in elder pts >10 yr and it is a diagnosis of exclusion. Musculoskeletal causes account for (16 %. Pulmonary causes account for 13%. Cardiac causes, account for 15 pts. (7%), Gastrointestinal causes account for 4%. Psychological causes account for 10 pts (4%), school and family related problems are the most common psychological problems.. Conclusion: Idiopathic chest pain is the most common in children and slightly more common in males. Cardiac causes are rare. Detailed history, full clinical examination, CXR, and ECG can diagnose the majority causes. Echocardiography, Holter ECG, and EEG reserved for some cases when associated with significant cardiac or neurological symptoms and signs.

Seizure as the first presentation of diabetes mellitus

Seizure as the first presentation of diabetes mellitus

Childhood Focal Epilepsies

Objective: The present study was done in order to obtain a baseline profile of childhood focal epilepsies Patient and methods: Subjects included in this study were children suffering from focal epilepsy with age above 2 y. They were attending pediatric neurology clinic in Queen Rania Hospital for children in Jordan . The study included 112 children with ages ranging from 2-14 years. The following data were obtained: age, sex, detailed of seizures type, age at first unprovoked seizure, family history of seizure disorders, history and type of febrile seizures, etiological factors, socioeconomic class, history of consanguinity, additional neuro -impairment, Electroencephalography and brain imaging finding and the use of antiepileptic drugs, the results were recorded for further study. Results: A total of 112 consecutive cases of focal epilepsy were enrolled , 59 were male. The commonest partial seizure recorded was simple partial type 52 (46.4%) while simple partial with secondary generalization had 17 (16.9%) and complex partial seizure formed 36.8 %. ), In partial onset seizures the peak age was between 11-14 years and complex partial seizures plateau was seen between ages 6-10 years. Twenty six (23.2%) patients reported a family history of epilepsy, 91% of low socioeconomic class .11.5 % of cases have history of febrile seizures, idiopathic epilepsy was 53.5 % . In most of epileptic patients have accessory neurological impairment, the most common were learning difficulties Electroencephalography was normal in 20.4 %, mono-therapy was used in 68.8 % Conclusion: the pattern of focal epilepsies in our country do not differ from that of developed countries, further population –based epidemiological research is indicated to confirm the prevalence of seizure disorders in this locality

Childhood Focal Epilepsies

Objective: The present study was done in order to obtain a baseline profile of childhood focal epilepsies Patient and methods: Subjects included in this study were children suffering from focal epilepsy with age above 2 y. They were attending pediatric neurology clinic in Queen Rania Hospital for children in Jordan . The study included 112 children with ages ranging from 2-14 years. The following data were obtained: age, sex, detailed of seizures type, age at first unprovoked seizure, family history of seizure disorders, history and type of febrile seizures, etiological factors, socioeconomic class, history of consanguinity, additional neuro -impairment, Electroencephalography and brain imaging finding and the use of antiepileptic drugs, the results were recorded for further study. Results: A total of 112 consecutive cases of focal epilepsy were enrolled , 59 were male. The commonest partial seizure recorded was simple partial type 52 (46.4%) while simple partial with secondary generalization had 17 (16.9%) and complex partial seizure formed 36.8 %. ), In partial onset seizures the peak age was between 11-14 years and complex partial seizures plateau was seen between ages 6-10 years. Twenty six (23.2%) patients reported a family history of epilepsy, 91% of low socioeconomic class .11.5 % of cases have history of febrile seizures, idiopathic epilepsy was 53.5 % . In most of epileptic patients have accessory neurological impairment, the most common were learning difficulties Electroencephalography was normal in 20.4 %, mono-therapy was used in 68.8 % Conclusion: the pattern of focal epilepsies in our country do not differ from that of developed countries, further population –based epidemiological research is indicated to confirm the prevalence of seizure disorders in this locality

Risk of seizure recurrence in patients of new-onset partial seizure having a solitary cysticercus granuloma of brain or normal neuroimaging

Background Solitary cysticercus granuloma – a benign form of parenchymal neurocysticercosis – is considered as the most common cause of partial seizures. This study comparatively evaluated the seizure-related prognosis in patients with new-onset seizure having solitary cysticercus granuloma and in patients with normal neuroimaging. We also assessed the factors of seizure recurrence. Material and method Seventy-four patients of new-onset partial seizure with solitary cysticercus granuloma and 45 patients of new-onset partial seizure with normal neuroimaging were followed up for 6 months. A follow-up neuroimaging was carried out after 3 months. Result Thirteen patients (17.6%) in solitary cysticercus granuloma group and 15 patients (33.3%) in normal neuroimaging group had seizure recurrences ( P = 0.049). In solitary cysticercus granuloma group, family history of seizure disorder ( P = 0.004), headache ( P = 0.029), and serial seizures (at onset) ( P = 0.001) were significantly associated with the seizure recurrence. Granuloma remained unresolved in all patients. In patients with normal neuroimaging, abnormal EEG ( P = 0.043), at inclusion, was only a significant factor of the seizure recurrence. Conclusion The patients with solitary cysticercus granuloma had favorable seizure-related prognosis when compared with patients having normal neuroimaging. Serial seizures and headache predicted seizure recurrence in patients with solitary cysticercus granuloma. The presence of electroencephalographic abnormality predicted seizure recurrence in patients with normal neuroimaging.

Neurobehavioral Abnormalities May Correlate With Increased Seizure Burden in Children With Panayiotopoulos Syndrome

Prognostic factors for frequent seizure recurrences were studied in patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome. The subjects were 79 children fulfilling the criteria of Panayiotopoulos syndrome who were monitored for longer than 2 years. Medical records and electroencephalograms were analyzed retrospectively. The total number of seizures in each patient at the final follow-up ranged from 1 to 22. The 79 patients were classified into three groups: typical Panayiotopoulos syndrome (seizure recurrence = 1-5 times, n = 45), borderline (6-9 times, n = 16), and atypical (>10 times, n = 18). Data analyzed included family history of seizure disorders, peri- and postnatal complications, previous seizure histories, age at epilepsy onset, clinical seizure manifestations, the frequency of status epilepticus, interictal electroencephalographic patterns, and the possible association of neurobehavioral disorders among the three groups. An association with pre-existing neurobehavioral disorders was significantly more frequent in the atypical than in the typical group (P < 0.05), but not significantly different between the typical and borderline or between the borderline and atypical patients (P> 0.05). In patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome and pre-existing mild neurobehavioral disorders, seizures tend to be pharmacoresistant and to repeat more than 10 times. However, all patients experience seizure remission by 12 years of age, and should not be evaluated for surgery.

A Report of Successful Treatment of Psychosis in Epilepsy With Risperidone

A Report of Successful Treatment of Psychosis in Epilepsy With Risperidone

A Report of Successful Treatment of Psychosis in Epilepsy With Risperidone

A Report of Successful Treatment of Psychosis in Epilepsy With Risperidone

Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy During Physical Activity

Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy During Physical Activity