Family History Of Obesity Research Articles

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a group of Iraqi obese children attending children welfare teaching hospital

Background: Background: Although liver biopsy is the gold standard method for diagnosing and staging non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the majority of patients can be effectively diagnosed non-invasively with tests that are routinely available in the clinic today as abdominal ultrasound. Aim of the study: to study the prevalence of NAFLD as a complication among obese children and some of its related variables. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on 71 obese cases with an age range of 2-15 years in the medical city of Baghdad from the 1st of September 2014 to the 1st of September 2015. Obese children were selected according to their Body Mass Index which should be 97th centile according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. We depended on abdominal ultrasound to look for FLD. Results; Most of the cases are school-age. Of these cases 17 (23.9%) were pre-hypertensive and 10 (14.1%) were hypertensive so obesity was significantly correlated with increased blood pressure. Bone age was advanced in 38 (53.5%) meaning that it had an obvious correlation with obesity. Formula-fed cases 20 (28.2%). Family history of obesity was 51 (71.8%). FLD among obese children; in the obese group; the prevalence of FLDr was 25 (35.2%). Males were 19 (76%). In obese with FLD 8 (32%) of them were hypertensive. Bone age was advanced in 18 (72%) of them. Ten (40%) were formula fed. Total serum bilirubin 3 (12%). Alanine aminotransferase 18 (72%) and Aspartate aminotransferase 13 (52%)were elevated. 13 (52%) had elevated Fasting blood glucose. Four (16%) had elevated Triglyceride levels. All of these values are more in obese with fatty liver than in obese without FLD. Conclusions; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with significant comorbid conditions as they have more prevalence of hypertension and increased lipid profile. There is a significant correlation between early feeding type and the growing problem which is excessive TV watching and digital games playing using mobile phones by most of them.

Obesity and its Determinants among the Children with Bronchial Asthma

Childhood Asthma is a major health problem and obesity is a grave consequence of its treatment among the children. The cross sectional study was conducted among 104 children with Bronchial Asthma at the outpatient department of National Asthma Centre, Dhaka during the period January to June, 2012 to determine obesity and its determinants among the children with Bronchial Asthma. Data were collected through face-to-face interview and reviewing medical records by using a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist respectively. Majority (67.0%) of the asthmatic children was male and the mean age of the children was 11.5 (+4.075) years. Most (88.5%) of them were Muslim and majority (54.8%) had 5-7 family members with average family size 4.84 (+23.1). Average monthly family income was Tk.19750.00 (10233.915). Among the children 65.4% had family history of asthma and majority was fathers (30.9%). Majority (63.7%) of children performed physical exercise and majority (45.5%) did for 30 minutes. Aggravating factors for asthma included cold exposure (50.0%), hot weather (48.1%), dust exposure (36.5%) and allergy (13.5%). Majority (67.3%) attended to Government hospitals and doctors chamber (61.5%) for treatment. Regarding food habit, majority (51.9%) were fond of meat followed by fast food (24.0%), sweet food (21.2%), and soft drinks (17.3%). Regarding obesity 11.5% children were overweight, 15.4% were class 1 (moderate) obese and 54.0% had family history of obesity. Drugs used by the children were montelukast (59.6%), theophylline (59.6%), steroid (42.3%), ketotifen (23.1%) and salbutamol (32.7%). Most (98%) children used the drugs for 2-12 months. Overweight and obesity were significantly (2, p 0.01) higher among users of steroid (54.5%), montelukast (35.5%), ketotifen (79.2%) and salbutamol (67.6%) than non-users of steroid (6.6%), montelukast (14.2%), ketotifen (11.3%) and salbutamol (7.2%). Obesity was significantly (2, p 0.01) higher among who had family .........

Metabolic Syndrome in Children with Overweight and Obesity

Background: While many studies have been conducted on the prevalence and complications of metabolic syndrome in adults, few pediatric studies are available, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity in Sfax, Tunisia. as well as to look for predictive factors for the occurrence of this pathology. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 84 children and adolescents with overweight and obesity admitted to the endocrinology department of Hédi Chaker Hospital, Sfax from 2015 to 2019. For each participant included in the study, a clinical examination was conducted to determine height (cm), weight (kg), waist circumference (cm), and BMI as weight/height² (kg/m2). A fasting blood sample was taken to assay the different biological parameters. Results: Between 44 boys and 40 girls, the average age was 11.83 years. Family history of obesity was noted in 84.5% of cases. The average weight was 72.68 kg, with an average BMI of 31.55 kg/m². Obesity was reported in 78.6% of patients and overweight without obesity in 21.4%. According to adapted NCEP/ATP III criteria, 16.7% of patients had metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was observed in 15.9% of boys and 17.5% of girls, with no significant difference. In our study, no predictive factors were found. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was high in our study. We suggest targeted screening programs for at-risk children and adolescents to control obesity and metabolic syndrome in Tunisia.

Prevalence and determinants of underweight, overweight, and obesity among adolescent secondary school students in Dongola City, Northern Sudan in 2019

Background: Adolescents comprise 1.2 billion of the world population. There is a worldwide increase in the prevalence of obesity and overweight among adolescents. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among secondary school adolescents in Dongola city, North Sudan.Methods: A cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted among adolescents from 7 out of 11 schools in Dongola city in November 2019. Multistage sampling method was used besides ethical approval and informed consent were taken. Data was collected through questionnaire, weight and height of each participant were measured, body mass index was calculated and the World Health Organization (WHO) (5-19 years) reference chart was used to determine underweight, overweight, and obesity. Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression were performed to determine factors associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity.Results: The study included 695 students with 397 (57.1%) males. The prevalence rates of underweight, overweight, and obesity were 12.2%, 15.7% and 5.2% respectively. Male students had more than twice times (OR=2.37; 95%CI=1.29-4.37) likely to be underweight. Students with family history of obesity had almost twice and two and half times (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.15-2.76) and (OR=2.46; 95% CI: 1.21-4.98) more likely to have overweight and obesity respectively. Students living in urban areas had thirteen times (OR=13.0; 95% CI: 1.76-0.96.7) more likely to be obese.Conclusions: The prevalence rates of underweight, overweight, and obesity are high compared to primary school children in Northern State. There is a need to strengthen the school health program and further studies involving rural and urban schools are recommended.

Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Effectiveness of Outpatient Counseling in Childhood Obesity Management.

The Covid-19 pandemic drastically modified social life and lifestyle, in particular, among children and adolescents, promoting sedentary behaviors and unhealthy eating habits. The aims of this study were to assess the rate and the factors associated with outpatient drop-out in childhood obesity management, and to evaluate how the Covid-19 pandemic influenced weight status and lifestyle of children and adolescents with obesity. One hundred and forty-five children and adolescents with obesity were identified, including 80 subjects evaluated before the Covid-19 pandemic (group A) and 65 subjects in the period straddling the Covid-19 pandemic (group B). Anamnestic (family history of obesity, dietary habits, physical activity, screen time), socio-cultural (economic status, employment and schooling of parents, household composition, place of living) and clinical (weight, height, BMI, waist circumference) data were retrospectively analyzed for each subject in both groups at baseline (V0) and 12-months (V1) at in-person assessment. Glycemic and lipid profiles were assessed at V0. Drop-out rate did not differ significantly between the two groups. BMI SDS at V0 (OR=2.52; p=0.004), female sex (OR=0.41; p=0.035), and the presence of a single parent in the household (OR=5.74; p=0.033) significantly influenced drop-out in both groups. Weight loss between V0 and V1 was significantly greater among group A patients compared to group B (p=0.031). In group B, hours spent in physical activity significantly decreased from V0 to V1, being significantly lower than group A at V1; on the contrary, screen time significantly increased in the same period. The consumption of sugary drinks and snacks was significantly greater in group B than group A at V1. Our study documented that the Covid-19 pandemic, although not affecting the drop-out rate of obese children in a follow-up program, negatively influenced lifestyle and reduced the effectiveness of outpatient counseling in childhood obesity treatment.

Correlation Between Gender, Physical Activity, Family Obesity History and Consumption of Fruit or Vegetable with Obesity in Medical Students in Surabaya

The incidence of obesity in the world has increased recently and doubled from 1980 to 2014. Obesity can increase the risk of many diseases. Medical students are a vulnerable group affected by obesity because of stressful conditions that can increase the incidence of obesity. This analytical research uses a cross sectional method approach using primary data. The populations in this study were medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University. In this study, 300 samples were taken from first-fifth semester students. The independent variables that will be studied in this study are Gender, physical activity, family obesity history, and consumption of fruit or vegetables. The dependent variable in this study is nutritional status. Based on this study found a significant association between gender, family history of obesity, eating of fruits or vegetables to nutritional status. Still, there is no significant association between physical activity on the nutritional group of medical students. Three variables in this research correlated with the nutritional status of medical education students at the Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, which are gender, family obesity history, and consumption of fruit or vegetables. From this research, it was found that the incidence of over-nutrition was still high among medical education students and there was still a lack of awareness among students to exercise and consume fruit or vegetables in their meals.

Development and Validation of a Nomogram-Based Prognostic Model to Predict High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents-Findings From 342,736 Individuals in China.

ObjectivesPredicting the potential risk factors of high blood pressure (HBP) among children and adolescents is still a knowledge gap. Our study aimed to establish and validate a nomogram-based model for identifying youths at risk of developing HBP.MethodsHBP was defined as systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure above the 95th percentile, using age, gender, and height-specific cut-off points. Penalized regression with Lasso was used to identify the strongest predictors of HBP. Internal validation was conducted by a 5-fold cross-validation and bootstrapping approach. The predictive variables and the advanced nomogram plot were identified by conducting univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A nomogram was constructed by a training group comprised of 239,546 (69.9%) participants and subsequently validated by an external group with 103,190 (30.1%) participants.ResultsOf 342,736 children and adolescents, 55,480 (16.2%) youths were identified with HBP with mean age 11.51 ± 1.45 years and 183,487 were boys (53.5%). Nine significant relevant predictors were identified including: age, gender, weight status, birth weight, breastfeeding, gestational hypertension, family history of obesity and hypertension, and physical activity. Acceptable discrimination [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 0.742 (development group), 0.740 (validation group)] and good calibration (Hosmer and Lemeshow statistics, P > 0.05) were observed in our models. An available web-based nomogram was built online on https://hbpnomogram.shinyapps.io/Dyn_Nomo_HBP/.ConclusionsThis model composed of age, gender, early life factors, family history of the disease, and lifestyle factors may predict the risk of HBP among youths, which has developed a promising nomogram that may aid in more accurately identifying HBP among youths in primary care.

HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE IN ADOLESCENCE. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE PESESCAD-HTA STUDY

Objective: Identify the presence of hypertensive heart disease and its relationship with prehypertension and hypertension Design and method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 385 prehypertensive adolescents and 128 adolescents with essential hypertension, aged 12–15 years, from among a total of 1,545 adolescents screened in the School Screening for High Blood Pressure in Adolescents Project (PESESCAD-HTA). An echocardiogram was performed in 513 adolescents (prehypertensive plus hypertensive). For the multivariate analysis of risk factors related to LVH, a decision tree was obtained using the chi square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) technique. Results: Among prehypertensive and hypertensive adolescents, the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was 6.49% (CI = 4.43–9.41) and 21.09% (CI = 14.92–58.95), respectively. In the sample of 513 individuals with prehypertension and hypertension, a decision tree was designed, using the chi square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) technique, with the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy as the dependent variable. Conclusions: The best predictors of left ventricular hypertrophy were a family history of obesity, and its interaction with the age and the sex of the adolescent.

Assessment of Risk Factors for Development of Overweight and Obesity among Soldiers of Polish Armed Forces Participating in the National Health Programme 2016-2020.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Polish Armed Forces soldiers and to analyze risk factors impacting body mass. In total, 1096 male, Caucasian soldiers (36.31 ± 8.03 years) participated in this study. Anthropometric data were obtained, and questionnaires evaluated sociodemographic, environmental, behavioral and biological factors known to be associated with obesity. Only 33% of the total number of participants had normal body weight, and 17.3% were considered obese (according to WHO criteria). The results showed that being 40 years or older, sleeping six hours or less per day, more frequent reaching for food in stressful situations, having a mother with excessive body weight, not exercising or exercising at most two days per week, and spending two hours a day or more in front of the TV increase the risk of obesity. Taken together, the results show that factors such as family history of obesity, dietary habits, physical activity, length of sleep and ability to cope with stress could be used to identify soldiers at higher risk of developing obesity in order to provide them with personalized prevention programs.

PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF MALNUTRITION AMONG SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN AGED 13-17 YEARS IN A SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF KERALA

Background: Malnutrition can be divided into two broad groups, undernutrition and overweight or obesity. Malnutrition in early childhood and adolescence can lead to a large number of complications in later life. This study is intended to nd out the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among school going children aged 13-17 years in a southern district in Kerala and to assess the factors associated with malnutrition among the study population. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 340 school going children in the age group of 13-17 years in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala during October to November 2019. The children were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire including sociodemographic details, questions on dietary habits, pattern of physical activity, self-awareness and family history. Anthropometric measurements such as height and weight of the students were taken and BMI was calculated. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed by SPSS software version 21. Results And Conclusion: 53.8% of the study participants were underweight, 5.9% were overweight and 2.1% belonged to the obese category. The factors such as grade of the student (p value:0.004), mother's occupation (p value:0.001), practice of skipping breakfast (p value:0.008), physical inactivity (p value:0.033), use of online food delivery facilities (p value:0.022), lack of awareness on self-health (p value:0.018), family history of obesity (p value:<0.001) and family history of non-communicable diseases (p value:0.002) were found to have a statistically signicant association with malnutrition. Therefore, it is important to take initiatives to tackle the problem of malnutrition among adolescents to bring up a healthy future generation.

Estimation of obesity levels based on dietary habits and condition physical using computational intelligence

Obesity is a disease that affects the health of men and women, and in recent decades it had an increasing trend, the WHO estimates that by 2030 more than 40% of the world's population will be overweight and more than a fifth will be obese Consequently, researchers have made great efforts to identify early the factors that influence the generation of obesity. There are tools limited to the calculation of BMI, omitting other relevant factors such as: if the individual has a family history of obesity, time spent on exercise routines, genetic expression profiles and other factors. In this study, a computational intelligence model is created, based on supervised and unsupervised data mining techniques such as Light Gradient Boosting Machine (Light GBM) classifier, random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), Extremely Randomized Trees (ET) and the and logistic regression (LR), to identify obesity levels based on lifestyle. In this research, the main source of data was a study of 2,111 people from the countries Colombia, Mexico and Peru, aged between 14 and 61 years. The study takes a set of data related to the main causes of obesity, based on the objective of referring to the high caloric intake, the decrease in energy expenditure due to lack of physical activity, eating disorders, genetics and socioeconomic factors. The results show that the LightGBM classification model has the highest weighted value of AUC (0.9990), improving the results of previous studies with similar antecedents.

Prevalence, Factors Associated with Obesity and Overweight among Students in Brazzaville in 2020

Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing dramatically around the world and it is reasonable to assume that young people attending school in Brazzaville are not spared. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, as well as the factors associated with obesity and overweight among students in Brazzaville. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted as a questionnaire survey with 2052 pupils (869 boys and 1183 girls, aged 14 to 18). Obesity and overweight were determined from the body mass index and reference curves of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), the associated factors, by performing the logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of overweight in private and public institutions was 15.6% versus 5.5% (p and obesity prevalence was 4.0% versus 1.5% (p monthly income (OR = 1.73), car as a means of transportation (OR = 2.75) and family history of obesity (OR = 7.73). On the other hand, attending a public school, walking and high levels of physical activity had a protective effect against obesity in this population. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity was higher in private institutions and required management and prevention strategies.

Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Children-From Atomistic to Holistic.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most common chronic liver disease in children due to the alarmingly increasing incidence of pediatric obesity. It is well-documented that MAFLD prevalence is directly related to an incremental increase in BMI. The multiple hits theory was designed for providing insights regarding the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis and fibrosis in MAFLD. Recent evidence suggested that the microbiome is a crucial contributor in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. Aside from obesity, the most common risk factors for pediatric MAFLD include male gender, low-birth weight, family history of obesity, MAFLD, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea, and polycystic ovarium syndrome. Usually, pediatric patients with MAFLD have nonspecific symptoms consisting of fatigue, malaise, or diffuse abdominal pain. A wide spectrum of biomarkers was proposed for the diagnosis of MAFLD and NASH, as well as for quantifying the degree of fibrosis, but liver biopsy remains the key diagnostic and staging tool. Nevertheless, elastography-based methods present promising results in this age group as potential non-invasive replacers for liver biopsy. Despite the lack of current guidelines regarding MAFLD treatment in children, lifestyle intervention was proven to be crucial in the management of these patients.

SPIS-F score:a score based on screen time, physical activity, sleep hours, energy intake and family history of obesity in children aged 5-12 year and its correlation with bmi and childhood obesity in indian children

Rationale: We have devised a score based on screen time exposure, physical activity,energy intake, sleep hours per day and family history of obesity and its relation with BMI,Obesity and Overweight in children.We have also studied early childhood risk factors and its impact on pediatric obesity.

Hubungan Obesitas dengan Usia, Jenis Kelamin, Genetik, Asupan Makanan dan Kebiasaan di Dusun Bangkan

Latar Belakang: Obesitas merupakan kondisi kelebihan akumulasi lemak pada jaringan adiposa tubuh yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas fisik, asupan makanan, faktor genetik, kebiasaa tidur, usia dan jenis kelamin. Angka kejadian di Indonesia cenderung meningkat dilihat dari data Riskesdas tahun 2007, 2013, dan 2018 yaitu 10,5%, 14,8%, dan 21,8%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan obesitas dengan usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan makan, genetik dan lama tidur. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner. Sampel penelitian adalah sampel dengan overweight dan obesitas didapatkan sampel berjumlah 80 sampel. Analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Hasilnya, sebesar 36,3% responden overweight dan 63,8% obesitas. Sebagian besar responden berusia > 18 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa obesitas berhubungan signifikan dengan usia (p=0,016), jenis kelamin (p=0,010), aktivitas fisik (p=0,025), frekuansi makan (p=0,015), frekuensi makan berat (p=0,040), minum-minuman manis (0.025), fast food (p=0,025) porsi makanan dalam sehari (p=0,025) dan riwayat keluarga yang mengalami obesitas (p= 0,007). Sebaliknya, konsumsi makanan ringan (p=0,731), konsumsi makanan berserat (p=0,089), sarapan pagi (p=0,776), dan waktu tidur (p=0,243). Kesimpulan: Hasil uji Chi-Square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara usia, jenis kelamin, aktivitas fisik, frekuensi makan, frekuensi makan berat, frekuensi minum minuman manis, frekuaensi konsumsi fast food, porsi makanan dalam sehari dan riwayat keluarga yang memiliki riwayat obesitas dengan kejadian obesitas. Sedangkan kebiasaan konsumsi makanan ringan, makanan berserat, sarapan pagi, dan waktu tidur tidak menunjukkan hubungan dengan kejadian obesitas.

Autoantibody profiles associated with clinical features in psychotic disorders

Autoimmune processes are suspected to play a role in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. Better understanding of the associations between auto-immunoglobulin G (IgG) repertoires and clinical features of mental illness could yield novel models of the pathophysiology of psychosis, and markers for biological patient stratification. We undertook cross-sectional detection and quantification of auto-IgGs in peripheral blood plasma of 461 people (39% females) with established psychotic disorder diagnoses. Broad screening of 24 individuals was carried out on group level in eight clinically defined groups using planar protein microarrays containing 42,100 human antigens representing 18,914 proteins. Autoantibodies indicated by broad screening and in the previous literature were measured using a 380-plex bead-based array for autoantibody profiling of all 461 individuals. Associations between autoantibody profiles and dichotomized clinical characteristics were assessed using a stepwise selection procedure. Broad screening and follow-up targeted analyses revealed highly individual autoantibody profiles. Females, and people with family histories of obesity or of psychiatric disorders other than schizophrenia had the highest overall autoantibody counts. People who had experienced subjective thought disorder and/or were treated with clozapine (trend) had the lowest overall counts. Furthermore, six autoantibodies were associated with specific psychopathology symptoms: anti-AP3B2 (persecutory delusions), anti-TDO2 (hallucinations), anti-CRYGN (initial insomnia); anti-APMAP (poor appetite), anti-OLFM1 (above-median cognitive function), and anti-WHAMMP3 (anhedonia and dysphoria). Future studies should clarify whether there are causal biological relationships, and whether autoantibodies could be used as clinical markers to inform diagnostic patient stratification and choice of treatment.

Stress and Dietary Pattern Effect on Overweight and Obesity among Technical Nursing Students

Background: Many adolescents suffer from common mental disorders such as stress, which affects health through the psychosocial process, eating behavior, food choices and physical activity.. Aim: this study aims to assess the stress and dietary pattern effect on overweight and obesity among technical nursing students. Design: A descriptive relational research design was conduct this study. Setting: This study was conducted at all nursing institutes of Cairo Curative Organization's Hospitals (Heliopolis Hospital, Mabarret Masr Al- Qadimah Hospital, Mabara El Maadi Hospital, Coptic Hospital and El-Islah El-Islamy Hospital). Sample: Purposive sample of 85 overweight and obese students. Tools of data collection: Interview questionnaire (Socio-demographic data and feeding pattern data), compulsive Eating Scale and perceived Stress Scale. Results: Results of the study showed that, more than half of technical nursing students under study had positive family history of obesity and one third of them were obese and had high compulsivity level. Conclusions: More than three quarters of technical nursing students under study had moderate level of stress, and there was a positive correlation between dietary pattern and level of stress and a positive correlation between overweight, obesity and level of stress. Recommendations: Future studies should be done on large numbers of nursing students about their eating behavior and how they decrease their stress level.

Study on prevalence of obesity in urban and rural adolescents in Odisha: Implications for public health strategies

Obesity and overweight have become a worldwide public health challenge and there is an urgent need to examine prevalence of obesity among adolescents. The aim of the present research is to determine health status with respect to obesity of urban & rural adolescents. The data were derived from cross-sectional sampling of adolescent boys and girls of urban and rural population. Age, gender and body mass Index was used to define overweight and obesity. The overweight and obesity were considered using an updated body mass index reference based on the revised consensus guidelines for India. It is observed that the average height and weight, physical growth of adolescents of urban area is greater than that of rural area irrespective of their gender. The BMI (Body Mass Index) of urban adolescents are more than their counterparts in rural area, but the mean BMI of rural and urban adolescents are significantly different. On the other hand BMI do not show any variation due to gender, area and gender considered together. Most of the adolescents irrespective of their area of residence, in spite of their long hours of sedentary behavior are falling under normal category. The result showed physical activities did influence change in BMI, which has a strong independent association with family history of obesity in both rural and urban adolescents. This study analysis showed an increase in prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban adolescents especially with male gender, calling for an urgent need for targeted preventive measures targeting undernutrition and overweight involving public health nutrition interventions for healthy public policies and implementation of equitable nutrition interventions for optimizing public health outcomes for those populations in greater need.

Family history of obesity and the influence on physical activity and dietary adherence after bariatric surgery.

The causes of obesity are multifactorial, with genetic, environmental, behavioural and societal contributions. These factors also affect adherence to diet and exercise after bariatric surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in perceived obesity-related stigma, exercise and dietary adherence perioperatively as well as what demographic factors most influence the magnitude of these changes. Validated questionnaires regarding perception of stigma and adherence to diet and exercise regimens were administered to 104 bariatric surgery patients preoperatively and postoperatively at three, six and 12 months. Scoring was compared for improvement, and concomitant factors were analysed for effect on magnitude of improvement. Our study found overall improvement in perception of stigma as well as adherence to diet and exercise regimens. Those with a family history of obesity had less robust improvement compared to those without a family history of obesity. Those who were Caucasian also did not have as robust of an improvement in their scores. Patient perception of obesity-related stigma and adherence to diet and exercise regimens improve after bariatric surgery. However, a patient with a family history of obesity and/or a Caucasian ethnicity may have a less robust improvement in these facets.

Impact of Self-Reported Family History on Some Metabolic Markers of Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Context: Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN) and obesity, are known non-modifiable, independent and easily assessed risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes. Aims: This study was aimed at assessing the effect of self-reported family history on the levels of some metabolic markers (total homocysteine [tHcy], high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] and glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c]) among patients with type 2 diabetes. Settings and Design: Two hundred and forty participants subdivided into Group 1 (T2DM only), Group 2 (T2DM diagnosed with HTN) and Group 3 (controls) were enrolled in a cross-sectional pattern. Subjects and Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on self-reported family history. Biochemical parameters were assayed using standard laboratory procedures. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS version 20.0 was used for statistical analysis with significance at P ≤ 0.05. Results: Group 1: Family history of type 2 diabetes (FHD) (HbA1c, P < 0.001, fasting plasma glucose [FPG], P = 0.005, triglycerides [TG], P = 0.049), family history of HTN (FHTN) (HbA1c, P < 0.001, FPG P = 0.005), family history of obesity (FHO) (HbA1c, P < 0.001, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], P = 0.049). Group 2: FHD (tHcy, P = 0.021, HDL-C, P = 0.026), FHTN (tHcy, P = 0.035), FHO (HbA1c, P = 0.003, FPG, P = 0.001, TC, P < 0.001, TG, P = 0.019, LDL-C, P = 0.001). Group 3: FHD (tHcy, P = 0.004, HDL-C, P = 0.035), FHTN (FPG, P < 0.001, tHcy P = 0.010, TC, P = 0.037, TG, P = 0.003), FHO (hs-CRP, P < 0.001, HDL-C, P = 0.007, TG P = 0.001, LDL-C P = 0.019). Conclusions: Self-reported positive family history may provide insights into the biochemical and metabolic profile of patients with type 2 diabetes.