Family History Of Mental Illness Research Articles

Psychiatric morbidity among patients on treatment for tuberculosis at a tertiary referral hospital in Western Kenya.

Mental disorders account for nine percent of the overall global burden of disease and are among the top ten leading causes of disability. Mental illness and tuberculosis share risk factors including poverty, overcrowding, stigma, poor nutrition, substance use and retro-viral disease co-infection. Presence of mental illness in tuberculosis delays health-seeking, affects drug adherence, increases cost of treatment, prolongs disease duration, lowers quality of life, and increases mortality. Early diagnosis, linkage, and treatment of psychiatric morbidity among patients with tuberculosis would improve outcomes for both. This study thus aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with psychiatric morbidity among patients on treatment for tuberculosis at a low- middle- income country. A cross-sectional study carried out at the tuberculosis clinic at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Eldoret, Kenya. 367 participants on TB treatment were interviewed using Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) tool. The key outcome was presence of psychiatric illness. Pearson's Chi-square and logistic regression were used to assess relationships at bivariate and multivariate level respectively. Majority of the respondents were male (61.3%) and overall median age was 33 years. About half of participants (48.5%) had at least one psychiatric illness. Common disorders were alcohol use disorder (30.3%), depression (23.4%), substance use disorder (12.8%) and suicidality (8.2%). Odds of 'any psychiatric illness' were increased by being male (aOR = 1.92; P = 0.04), being separated or divorced (aOR = 6.86; P = 0.002), using alcohol (aOR = 3.2; P<0.001), having been previously treated for tuberculosis (aOR = 2.76; P = 0.01), having other medical comorbidities (aOR = 4.2; P = 0.004) and family history of mental illness (aOR = 2.4; P = 0.049). Almost half of the patients on treatment for tuberculosis had at least one psychiatric illness. Introduction of protocols for screening for mental illness and integration of mental health services with tuberculosis care would aid prompt diagnosis, referral, and quality of care.

Determinants of Disability Among Individuals Living with Schizophrenia Attending Psychiatric Follow-Up Clinic in Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia: An Institution-Based Case-Control Study.

Disability due to schizophrenia ends up with a higher degree of impairment in occupational, social and interpersonal functioning than other chronic illnesses. Despite severe and long-lasting schizophrenia associated disability, little has been explored so far to identify determinants of disability among individuals living with schizophrenia in Ethiopia. To identify the determinants of disability among individuals living with schizophrenia attending the psychiatric follow-up clinic at Jimma Medical Center (JMC). An institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 98 Cases and 98 controls of individuals living with schizophrenia attending the JMC psychiatric clinic from September 1 to October 30, 2022. Consecutive sampling technique was used to recruit the required sample size of both groups. The cases group were participants who scored >12 total on the WHO Disability Assessment Scale version 2-0 (WHODAS 2-0) whereas the control group were those who scored 12 total on the WHODAS 2-0. Being jobless (AOR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.10-4.77), longer than 5-year duration of illness without treatment (AOR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.23-7.98), poor social support (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.04-6.22), negative symptoms (AOR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.14-5.29), known family history of mental illness (AOR = 3.59; 95%: 1.67-7.73) and risky khat use (AOR = 4.37; 95% CI: 1.86-10.29) were found to be determinants of disability among schizophrenia patients. Joblessness, longer than 5-year duration of illness without treatment, poor social support, negative symptoms, known family history of mental illness and risky khat use were found to be determinants of disability in schizophrenia patients. Interventions targeting reducing of disability and improving quality of life of schizophrenia patients should consider the aforementioned determinants.

Mental Health and Sociodemographic Correlates of Child Sexual Abuse

Abstract Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) has long-term deleterious effects on mental health. The prevalence of CSA is more in females than males. A lifetime diagnosis of anxiety, depression, eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sleep disorders, and suicide attempts has been associated with a history of sexual abuse. Few studies have focused on the role of temperament and the relationship between psychiatric morbidity and sociodemographic variables. Aim: This study aimed to assess the relationship between psychiatric morbidity and sociodemographic variables in cases of CSA. Methodology: After ethical approval, 168 consecutive survivors of an alleged history of child sexual assault brought by the police were enrolled after informed consent from legal guardians and assent from survivors. A specially designed semi-structured pro forma was used to collect data. Psychiatric morbidity was diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Scales assessing temperament, perceived social support and global functioning, were used. Results: Seventy-seven percent of survivors in this study had psychiatric morbidity. Adjustment problems were more in children with slow-to-warm temperament. A positive family history of mental illness was significant in major depressive disorder (MDD) but not in PTSD. Those with a history of being assaulted multiple times (36 out of 42) had a higher chance of developing MDD. Conclusion: This study highlights that the adjustment problems were more in children with slow-to-warm temperament, highlighting the need for targeted and timely intervention in this subgroup of CSA survivors. This study shows an association between childhood environmental adverse event and development of psychiatric morbidity.

"My Mother Makes Films to Cope with Her Demons": Confronting Normality

My daughter’s mental health condition had raised several questions about her diagnosis and recovery, and I wanted to make a film about it. I had a rich family archive which I choose to call a ‘record’ of all that was going on around me. In addition, I was carrying my own lived experience and several years of struggle with my daughter’s condition: her hospitalizations and encounters with her doctors and therapists. I was filming her because I didn’t know how else to cope with my situation. I couldn’t watch the 2007 footage that I had shot during her episode until ten years after. I began questioning the ethical reasons for documenting my daughter in that state; I also wanted to investigate the circumstances that led to her diagnosis. Would she have ever been diagnosed if we had continued to live in India? Could the triggers be related to her being the product of a broken home? How can family history of mental illness be controlled? Can the impact of illness be reversed? Is mental illness a reality or is it a construct of society? What is Normal? How can my daughter claim agency in charting strategies for her own wellness? How can she participate effectively in mainstream communities overcoming the stigma and labels? Can art truly be instrumental in coping with mental illness and facilitate the healing process? I could address some of the questions in the film, while others continue to be a driving force in our commitment to advocacy work through film screenings and panels.[1] This has not only proven to be a very empowering experience for both my daughter and myself, but also strengthened our relationship beyond the filial bond – giving us a strong purpose outside of our immediate circle of concern.&#x0D; &#x0D; [1] You will find on-line links to several panels since the film’s release in 2021.

Real Time Depression and Anxiety Detection Using Machine Learning

Depression affects a staggering 264 million individuals worldwide, constituting a significant cause of disability. The detrimental impact of a negative workplace environment extends beyond productivity loss to encompass physical and medical ailments. Unfortunately, individuals often refrain from seeking help due to the pervasive stigma surrounding mental health issues. Leveraging the potential of machine learning, we have embarked on a journey to predict depression using diverse algorithms. Our study draws upon routine survey data, delving into factors such as home and workplace environments, family history of mental illness, among others. Recognizing and understanding the mental state of individuals, be it stress, anxiety, or depression, holds paramount importance in averting untoward incidents. Recent events, such as economic downturns, pandemic-induced fears, and social isolation, have contributed to a surge in depression and anxiety cases. Furthermore, there is compelling evidence indicating heightened social media usage among individuals with mental health disorders. Thus, we delve into the potential of online personas on social media platforms. Our work presents a comprehensive review of various methodologies employed in the literature for detecting depression, thereby shedding light on emerging trends and challenges. By identifying gaps in existing research, we aim to provide fresh insights and directions for researchers committed to advancing the field of depression detection. Key Words: Depression Detection, Machine Learning, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Accuracies, Human Being.

Suicidal ideation, attempt and associated factors among prisoners in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

Suicide is a prominent source of harm and death globally, and it is the leading cause of premature death among prisoners. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempt among prisoners in Northwest Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was performed from May 23 to June 22, 2022. After proportional allocation to the three correctional institutions, a total of 788 study participants were randomly recruited. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to evaluate suicide ideation and attempt. To determine factors associated with suicidal ideation and attempt, multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. At a 95% confidence interval (CI) of P-value <0.05, statistical significance was declared. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among prisoners was 23.6% and 10.7%, with 95% CI (20.76, 26.70) and (8.68, 13.02), respectively. Female sex (AOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.12, 5.05), family history of mental illness (AOR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.93, 4.88), depression (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.43, 2.98), poor social support (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.85) and previous incarceration (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.86) were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. However, being single (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.47, 4.54), family history of suicide (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.18, 5.01), depression (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.59, 4.31) and previous imprisonments (AOR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.69) were associated with suicidal attempt. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among prisoners were found to be high. Therefore, the findings of this study recommend that early detection and design of prison mental health services should be delivered to develop mental health care, prevention, and intervention programs for incarcerated people to improve suicidal behavior in prison.

Influencing Factors on the Efficacy of Aerobic Exercise Therapy in Depression: A Single-Centre Cross-Sectional Study.

Aerobic exercise therapy can improve brain function and promote positive emotions in patients with depression. This study aims to improve the efficacy of aerobic exercise therapy in depression by investigating the influencing factors therein. This study conducted a single-centre cross-sectional analysis of clinical data from 211 depression patients who received aerobic exercise therapy at Heze Mudan People's Hospital from May 2021 to May 2023. After excluding 10 patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria, the final cohort included 201 patients. The clinical data of patients with effective treatment and patients with ineffective treatment were collected, such as socio-demographic characteristics, disease status, depression degree, treatment compliance, and social support. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the clinical efficacy of aerobic exercise therapy in patients. Among the 201 patients, the effective and ineffective rates of aerobic exercise therapy were 80.10% (161/201) and 19.90% (40/201), respectively. When analysed as groups, no significant differences were observed between the effective group (EG) and ineffective group (IG) regarding gender, body mass index, course of depression, age of first onset, mental symptoms, years of education, personal income, or marital status (p > 0.05). However, the EG exhibited a reduced probability of family history of mental illness, smoking history, and severity of depression (p < 0.05), along with higher treatment compliance and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) scores compared to the IG (p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking history, family history of mental illness, treatment compliance, depression, and SSRS score were the primary influencing factors on the efficacy of aerobic exercise therapy (p < 0.05). Smoking history, family history of mental illness, treatment compliance, severity of depression, and social support are the primary influencing factors on the efficacy of aerobic exercise therapy in patients with depression. These factors should be emphasized during follow-up treatment to optimize the clinical treatment effect.

IJCM_330A: Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression among females attending tertiary hospital Jammu

Background: Puerperium or Postpartum period is the period of first six weeks postpartum which begin immediately after parturition. During this time woman is adapting to multiple physical, social and psychological changes. Early identification of such symptoms is crucial for its prompt treatment. Many women develop depressive symptoms. Objective: is to find out the prevalence and factors associated with Postpartum Depression especially the social support. Methodology: this cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one year among mothers who were in the period of 4-7 weeks postpartum. The participants were assessed using the scales -Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale, Hamilton depression Rating scale and Multidimensional scale of perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Statistical analysis was done using spss version (20.0) info. Appropriate statistical tests were used. A p-value of &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 750, 16.1% had postpartum depression, (a score of =10 on EPDS). The factors which were significantly associated included marital status, religion, residence, education of mother and her husband, history of domestic violence, history of mental illness in the past, family history of mental illness, duration of pregnancy, time since delivery, any complication during pregnancy, birthweight of baby and planned parenthood. Social support shows negative correlation with PPD which is statistically significant Conclusion: The prevalence of depression in postpartum mothers is high, various sociodemographic and obstetric factors are significantly associated with it. social support emerged to be protective in reducing the postpartum depression.

Liraglutide-Induced Depression with Suicidality in an Obese Adult: A Case Report

Obesity is a major health issue worldwide. Treating adults with obesity often involves lifestyle and diet changes and sometimes medication. Liraglutide is a drug that is being closely studied for treating obesity. However, the potential side effects of liraglutide, particularly its impact on mood and the development of depression, may be of concern. Given the frequent co-occurrence of obesity and depression, it is important to understand how obesity treatments like liraglutide might affect a person’s mood. A 47-year-old schoolteacher with no personal or family history of mental illness or chronic physical condition sought help for his steadily increasing weight. Despite having a sedentary job and reporting no major stress or substance use, he did not attempt to change his diet or activity level, occasionally experiencing sleep difficulties. He was overweight, with a body mass index of 42. The patient was diagnosed with adult obesity and prescribed liraglutide, diet changes, and exercise. Initially, he lost weight, but he also developed depressive symptoms, including fatigue, loss of interest, sleep disturbances, and suicidal ideation. Following cessation of liraglutide treatment, his depression symptoms got better, but his weight slightly increased. This case sheds light on the possible link between liraglutide and depression in managing obesity. It is crucial for healthcare providers to be aware of potential mental health side effects of obesity drugs like liraglutide. Although the exact reasons behind these mood changes are not fully understood, this case emphasizes the need for careful observation and decision-making in treatment. Understanding these issues can help balance the benefits and risks of liraglutide and ensure better care and treatment options for people with obesity.

Suicide Probability Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.

To evaluate the possibility of suicide and related factors among individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD). Data were collected for 270 individuals registered in a community mental health center using the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS). Subsequently, t test and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on independent samples. There was no statistically significant difference found between mean SPS scores of participants with schizophrenia and BD. However, hostility subscale mean scores of participants with schizophrenia were higher than those of participants with BD, and the difference was statistically significant. Sex, family history of mental illness, need for help with medication, suicidal ideation in the past 10 days, and number of suicide attempts were important predictors of suicide probability. Individuals with schizophrenia and BD and in remission should be evaluated periodically for the possibility of suicide. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].

Children’s early signs and developmental trajectories of psychotic-like experiences

IntroductionChildren who experience persistent psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are at a higher risk of developing psychotic disorder later in life. The developmental trajectories of PLEs are influenced by various factors. Therefore, it is important to identify early characteristics that can distinguish and predict between different developmental trajectories of PLEs. MethodsUsing PLEs scores from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) data across three waves, we categorized participants into five distinct PLEs trajectories groups: persistent group (n = 47), remitting group (n = 185), increasing group (n = 117), remittent group (n = 21), and no PLEs group (n = 4,476). We utilized linear mixed-effect models and generalized linear mixed-effect models to examine the differences in baseline characteristics, including psychological and behavioral problems, suicidality, trauma experiences, developmental milestones, cognitive function, physical health, family income, family history of mental illness, and brain structureamong these PLEs trajectory groups. ResultsWe found that psychological and behavioral problems (such as DSM-oriented scales/externalizing/ADHD/social/attention/thought problems) assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were associated with all PLEs groups. The persistent PLEs group had greater ADHD/social/thought problems and suicidal behavior compared to the remitting PLEs group. Comparing with the no PLEs group, poor cognitive function, abnormal brain structure (such as temporal lobe and supramarginal gyrus), more trauma experiences, and lower family income were found in only one of the PLEs groups, but not all PLEs groups. ConclusionThe development of PLEs is accompanied by changes in many domains, implying a dynamic and complex developmental process. Given that psychological and behavioral problems can predict the emergence of PLEs at any time and can be regarded as risk factors for persistent PLEs, thereby enabling early precisely interventions, it is important to place greater emphasis on assessing psychological and behavioral problems.

Mixed-Mode Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for psychological resilience, Self Esteem and Stigma of patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundPeople with schizophrenia often face challenges such as lower psychological resilience, reduced self-worth, and increased social stigma, hindering their recovery. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has shown promise in boosting psychological resilience and self-esteem while diminishing stigma. However, MBCT demands professional involvement and substantial expenses, adding to the workload of professionals and the financial strain on patients. Mixed-mode Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (M-MBCT) integrates both “face-to-face” and “self-help” approaches to minimize staff effort and costs. This study aims to assess the impact of M-MBCT on the psychological resilience, self-esteem, and stigma in schizophrenia patients.MethodsThis randomized, controlled, parallel-group, assessor-blinded clinical trial enrolled 174 inpatients with schizophrenia. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group underwent an 8-week M-MBCT intervention, while the control group received standard treatment. Data collection employed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) before and after the intervention. Post-intervention, significant differences in ISMI, CD-RISC, and RSES scores were observed between the experimental and control groups.ResultsIn the experimental group, ISMI scores notably decreased, while CD-RISC and RSES scores significantly increased (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis identified age, education, and family history of mental illness as significant factors related to stigma (P < 0.05). Additionally, correlation analysis indicated a significant negative relationship between the reduction in CD-RISC scores and the reduction in ISMI scores (P < 0.05).ConclusionM-MBCT effectively enhanced psychological resilience and self-esteem while diminishing stigma in individuals with schizophrenia. M-MBCT emerges as a promising treatment option for schizophrenia sufferers.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 03/06/2023 (www.chictr.org.cn; ChiCTR ID: ChiCTR2300069071).

Correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder among adult residents of conflict-affected communities in Cross River State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundConflict-affected communities in Nigeria experience a range of problems. These experiences have been associated with different types of mental disorders, most notably, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).AimThis study sought to assess...

Mental health literacy and its associated factors among traditional healers toward mental illness in Northeast, Ethiopia: A mixed approach study.

Currently, the biggest issue facing the entire world is mental health. According to the Ethiopian Ministry of Health, nearly one-fourth of the community is experiencing any of the mental illness categories. Most of the cases were treated in religious and traditional institutions, which the community most liked to be treated. However, there were very limited studies conducted to show the level of mental health literacy among traditional healers. The study aimed to assess the level of mental health literacy and its associated factors among traditional healers toward mental illness found in Northeast, Ethiopia from September 1-30/2022. A mixed approach cross-sectional study design was carried out on September 130, 2022, using simple random sampling with a total sample of 343. Pretested, structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were utilized for data collection. The level of Mental Health Literacy (MHL) was assessed using the 35 mental health literacy (35-MHLQ) scale. The semi-structured checklist was used for the in-depth interview and the FGD for the qualitative part. Data was entered using Epi-data version 4.6 and, then exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. The association between outcome and independent variables was analyzed with bivariate and multivariable linear regression. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data, and the findings were then referenced with the findings of the quantitative data. The findings of this study showed that the sample of traditional healers found in Dessie City scored a total mean of mental health literacy of 91.81 ± 10:53. Age (β = -0.215, 95% CI (-0.233, -0.05), p = 0.003, informal educational status (β = -5.378, 95% CI (-6.505, -0.350), p = 0.029, presence of relative with a mental disorder (β = 6.030, 95% CI (0.073, 7.428),p = 0.046, getting information on mental illness (β = 6.565, 95% CI (3.432, 8.680), p = <0.001, and mental health training (β = 4.889, 95% CI (0.379, 6.455), p = 0.028 were variables significantly associated with mental health literacy. Traditional healers provide a variety of explanations for the causes of mental illness, including biological, psychological, and supernatural ones. The mean score of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) is lower among traditional healers compared with other studies. Age, informal educational status, family history of mental illness, getting information on mental illness, and mental health training were significantly associated with mental health literacy. Therefore, different works to improve the levels of mental health literacy among traditional healers are essential.

Prediction of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents at the family level using regression methods and machine learning

BackgroundAdolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a major public health issue. Family factors are significantly associated with NSSI in adolescents, while studies on forecasting NSSI at the family level are still limited. In addition to regression methods, machine learning (ML) techniques have been recommended to improve the accuracy of family-level risk prediction for NSSI. MethodsUsing a dataset of 7967 students and their primary caregivers from a cross-sectional study, logistic regression model and random forest model were used to test the forecasting accuracy of NSSI predictions at the family level. Cross-validation was used to assess model prediction performance, including the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC), precision, Brier score, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. ResultsThe top three important family-related predictors within the random forest algorithm included family function (importance:42.66), family conflict (importance:42.18), and parental depression (importance:27.21). The most significant family-related risk predictors and protective predictors identified by the logistic regression model were family history of mental illness (OR:2.25) and help-seeking behaviors of mental distress from parents (OR:0.65), respectively. The AUCs of the two models, logistic regression and random forest, were 0.852 and 0.835, respectively. LimitationsThe key limitation is that this cross-sectional survey only enabled the authors to examine predictors that were considered to be proximal rather than distal. ConclusionsThese findings highlight the significance of family-related factors in forecasting NSSI in adolescents. Combining both conventional statistical methods and ML methods to improve risk assessment of NSSI at the family level deserves attention.

Depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and associated factors among adults, in the Eastern part of Ethiopia

BackgroundDepressive disorder is one of the severe and common mental illnesses in the general population. Bipolar disorder is a severe, persistent mental illness associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence of depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder in our study area.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of depressive and bipolar disorders among adults in Kersa, Haramaya, and Harar Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites in Eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,416 participants. A multi-stage sampling was employed to select the participants. DSM-5 diagnostic criteria was used to assess depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Data was collected using a standard questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-Data 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Both binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done. Those with a p-value < 0.05 in the final model were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe overall prevalence of depressive and bipolar disorders among our study participants was 6.7% (95% CI: 5.40, 8.20) and 2.1% (95% CI: (1.40, 3.00), respectively. The independent predictors of depressive disorder included a family history of mental illness, chronic medical illnesses, unemployment, low educational status, divorced or widowed, poor social support, and current alcohol use or khat chewing. Single, males, divorced or widowed, and current consumers of alcohol were independent predictors for bipolar disorder.Conclusions and recommendationThe results of our investigation showed that bipolar illness and depression were significant public health issues. It was shown that although bipolar disorder is highly prevalent in the society, depression is a widespread concern. As a result, it is imperative that the relevant body grow and enhance the provision of mental health services. Furthermore, research on the effects and burdens of bipolar disorder in the community is required.

Research on feeding and eating disorders in India: A narrative review.

Despite growing evidence of their prevalence, research on feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) in India has been sporadic. This narrative review aimed to summarize the research on FED in India and set priorities for future research and translation of evidence. An electronic search was conducted in the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant English peer-reviewed articles from April 1967 to July 2023. The extracted data from these studies included author names, publication year, research location, type of intervention (for interventional studies), nature of comparator treatments, and main outcomes or findings. We found a rising trend in the prevalence of EDs in India. Adolescent age group, female sex, higher socioeconomic status, family history of mental illness or disordered eating, and borderline personality pattern were risk factors for EDs. For feeding disorders (FDs), childhood age group, malnutrition, pregnancy, psychosis, intellectual disability (ID), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were putative risk factors. Both physical and psychiatric comorbidities were common in FEDs. Culture appears to exert a pathoplastic effect on symptom presentation in FEDs; an illustrative example is the documented nonfat phobic variant of anorexia nervosa (AN) in India. Research on management has focused on using assessment tools, investigations to rule out medical comorbidities, psychosocial and family-based psychotherapies, nutritional rehabilitation, pharmacotherapy, and neuromodulation approaches. Whereas the publication output on FEDs in India has increased over the last decade, it remains an under-researched area, with a striking paucity of original research. Future research priorities in FEDs include conducting country-wide registry-based studies to offer real-world insights, longitudinal research to identify culturally relevant risk factors, and developing brief, culturally sensitive diagnostic instruments for FEDs in the Indian context. This will help generate locally relevant epidemiological data on FEDs and inform treatment and prevention strategies.

Burden of anxiety in Adolescent: A community-based study in Western Uttar Pradesh

Background: Anxiety is a prevalent issue among adolescents and can adversely affect their academic performance and everyday functioning. Aims &amp; Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anxiety among adolescents in urban and rural areas and to study the socio-demographic correlates of anxiety among adolescents in urban and rural areas. Methods: A comprehensive survey was conducted in the field practice area of Department of Community Medicine of a Medical College in western district of Uttar Pradesh. The survey was aimed at young people between the ages of 10 and 19 who lived in the practice area of the medical college. Result: The burden of anxiety was observed to be 19.6 % (n=92). Female gender, urban residence, early adolescent age-group (10-13 yr), nuclear family, day-time somnolence and family history of mental illness were factors having statistical significance. Poor education level of parents was also statistically significant. Physical activity and substance abuse did not have significant contribution in burden of anxiety. Conclusion: Anxiety in adolescents is a significant issue influenced by various factors. Early intervention and support are crucial.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Self-Reported Substance Use among Patients with Mental Illness in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Background. Substance use is prevalent among patients with mental illness in low- and middle-income countries, including Tanzania. This heightened prevalence not only increases the risk of developing mental disorders and substance use disorders but also contributes to poor treatment outcomes for these patients. Despite these concerns, the current prevalence of substance use and its associated factors in this population remains unclear in Tanzania. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the 12-month period prevalence of self-reported substance use and associated factors among patients with mental illness. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study among patients with mental illness at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Respondents were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data on self-reported substance use were collected using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST) V3.0. IBM SPSS version 25 was employed for data analysis, utilizing frequencies and percentages to determine the prevalence of self-reported substance use. The study employed bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses to investigate the association between patient characteristics and self-reported substance use, with statistical significance set at a p value of &lt; 0.05. Results. A total of 364 patients were enrolled in the study, with 215 (59.1%) being male and a mean (SD) age of 35.57 (±9.01) years. Among the participants, 119 (32.7%) reported substance use. The most commonly used substances were alcohol (21.7%), tobacco (19.8%), and cannabis (12.9%). Factors significantly associated with self-reported substance use included younger age (AOR: 1.829; 95% CI: 1.112, 3.010; p=0.017), male gender (AOR: 2.346; 95% CI: 1.397, 3.939; p=0.001), positive family history of mental illness (AOR: 2.247; 95% CI: 1.364, 3.701; p=0.001), and a family history of substance use (AOR: 3.804; 95% CI: 2.305, 6.276; p&lt;0.001). Conclusions. A significant proportion, amounting to one-third of patients, reported substance use, highlighting the imperative need for targeted measures within this population. The implementation of routine substance use screening programs for patients with mental illness is crucial, alongside gender-sensitive and age-specific interventions. Consideration of patients’ family history of mental illness and substance use should be an integral part of these measures.

The correlation between bipolar disorder not otherwise specified progression with patients’ clinical and demographic characteristics

Introduction: Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified is a complex condition characterized by unusual shifts in mood, energy levels, and behavior. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bipolar disorder not otherwise specified progression and patients’ clinical and demographic characteristics. Patients and Methods: Data for this study was obtained from a cross-sectional study conducted between the years 2008-2021. The study investigated 171 patients with bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. The data collection tool was the content of the file registered in the psychiatry department of the hospital, which was based on the physician’s interview with the patient. Data analysis was conducted using statistical tests in SPSS version 26 software. Results: Out of 171 patients, 80 (46.8%) were men with a mean age of 39.5 ± 12.2 years. The results found that the duration of symptoms onset to hospitalization in patients with mania symptoms was related to gender, family history of mental illness, and history of opium abuse. On the other hand, the duration of symptoms onset to hospitalization in patients with major depressive episodes (MDEs) was related to education level, marital status, and family history of mental illness (P&lt;0.05). In the patients with both Mania and MDEs’ symptoms, no statistically significant correlation was found between patients’ characteristics with the duration of symptoms onset to their hospitalization (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Identification of related risk factors and early treatment of bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, along with addressing potential comorbidities such as family heredity and opium abuse, can help improve patients’ outcomes and quality of life. Clinicians should consider these factors when assessing these patients to provide appropriate treatment and support.