Mental Health and Sociodemographic Correlates of Child Sexual Abuse

Abstract

Abstract Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) has long-term deleterious effects on mental health. The prevalence of CSA is more in females than males. A lifetime diagnosis of anxiety, depression, eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sleep disorders, and suicide attempts has been associated with a history of sexual abuse. Few studies have focused on the role of temperament and the relationship between psychiatric morbidity and sociodemographic variables. Aim: This study aimed to assess the relationship between psychiatric morbidity and sociodemographic variables in cases of CSA. Methodology: After ethical approval, 168 consecutive survivors of an alleged history of child sexual assault brought by the police were enrolled after informed consent from legal guardians and assent from survivors. A specially designed semi-structured pro forma was used to collect data. Psychiatric morbidity was diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. Scales assessing temperament, perceived social support and global functioning, were used. Results: Seventy-seven percent of survivors in this study had psychiatric morbidity. Adjustment problems were more in children with slow-to-warm temperament. A positive family history of mental illness was significant in major depressive disorder (MDD) but not in PTSD. Those with a history of being assaulted multiple times (36 out of 42) had a higher chance of developing MDD. Conclusion: This study highlights that the adjustment problems were more in children with slow-to-warm temperament, highlighting the need for targeted and timely intervention in this subgroup of CSA survivors. This study shows an association between childhood environmental adverse event and development of psychiatric morbidity.