Family History Of Hypertension Research Articles

The practice of consanguineous marriage and the risk of diabetes among offspring in the province of Tetouan (Morocco)

PurposeThe practice of consanguinity has been culturally preferred in most Arab countries, including Morocco. This behavior leads to an increase in genetic abnormalities, such as hypertension and diabetes. This paper examines the prevalence and determinants of first-cousin marriages and their impact on diabetes among offspring.Design/methodology/approachData on 882 couples were collected through face-to-face interview via a pre-established questionnaire based on the variables selected within the objectives of this study. The authors used the multiple logistic regression modeling procedure in this study.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that the prevalence of first-cousin marriages were 15% among students’ parents. From the multiple logistic regression modeling, the authors found a significant effect of paternal and maternal grandparents’ first-cousins marriage on that of parents (aOR = 3.27 and aOR = 3.36, respectively). However, an 11-fold higher risk of first relative marriages among parents once the paternal and maternal grandparents were first-cousins and the father was illiterate (aOR = 11.01). Moreover, the authors reported a diabetes risk of more than 14 times when the effects of first-cousin maternal grandparents and parents and the hypertension among mother or her sibling were combined (aOR = 14.48) or when the effects of first-cousins maternal grandparents, first-cousin parents and mother’s age at marriage between 21 and 29 years were combined (aOR = 14.56).Originality/valueFirst-cousin marriage depends on the father’s illiteracy and the consanguinity of grandparents’ factors. The cumulative effect of first-cousin marriage among grandparents, parents and a family history of hypertension among mother or her sibling increase the risk of diabetes among these mothers.

KLASIFIKASI PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE SVM GRID SEARCH DAN SVM GENETIC ALGORITHM (GA)

Hypertension is an abnormally high pressure that occurs inside the arteries. Hypertension increased by 8.3% from 2013 based on health research in 2018. Some of the factors that cause hypertension include gender, age, salt consumption, cigarette consumption, cholesterol levels and a family history of hypertension. The data in this study are data on normal and hypertensive patients at the Padangsari Health Center for the period of July – December 2021. This study will classify blood pressure with the aim of obtaining the results of the accuracy of the classification of the methods used. The method used in this study is a support vector machine (SVM). SVM is a well-known algorithm, producing optimal solutions to classification problems. SVM uses kernel functions for separable nonlinear data. The displacement kernels used in this study are linear and RBF. SVM has the disadvantage of determining the best parameters, to overcome these weaknesses developed the method of finding the best parameters. The search for the parameters of this study used grid search and genetic algorithm (GA). Grid search has the advantage of producing parameters that are close to the optimal value, while GA has the advantage of being easy to find global optimum values. This study will compare the classification results of the SVM grid search and SVM GA methods. The results of this study obtained the method that has the best accuracy, namely SVM grid search using a radial base function (RBF) kernel with an accuracy of 89.22%.

Case Report: Diagnosis and Management of Long-Standing Essential Hypertension on a Teenager

Background: Hypertension affects about one third of the worldwide adult population, in patients aged 18 to 39, prevalence of hypertension is 7.3%. The risk factors for primary hypertension in young adults are the same as in older adults, which include family history of hypertension, poor diet with excess intake of sodium, lack of physical activity, obesity and excess intake of alcohol or tobacco smoking. The treatment of choice for essential hypertension in young adult are lifestyle changes but there is no consensus on the role pharmacological treatment in young hypertensives. The Case: A 19–year–old patient present with a worsening five–year history of palpitations felt in the abdominal region, tachycardia and high blood pressure. He had a body mass index of 31.3 kg/m2, suboptimal diet and level of physical activity (though he was previously very active) and a family history of essential hypertension. Possible secondary causes of hypertension were ruled out and a diagnosis of essential hypertension was reached through 24–hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The patient was treated with a combination of 5mg amlodipine and 5mg bisoprolol per day as well as lifestyle changes. Conclusion: This case highlights the increasingly young age of presentation of essential hypertension, especially since the patient refers presence of symptoms as early as 14 years old when he had a relative lack of risk factors. It is important to rule out other potential causes of hypertension in young adults before making a diagnosis of essential hypertension.

CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN TRIBAL AREA OF GUJARAT

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical features of patients with elevated blood pressure and to detect variables associated with the diagnosis of primary hypertension.We identified 383 (69%) hypertensive children (197)[51.5%] with primary hypertension,and 186 [48.5%] with secondary hypertension) out of 553 children referred to our clinic with a history of elevated blood pressure. The primary hypertension group was significantly older and had higher BMI, positive family history of hypertension, and lower prevalence of preterm birth compared with those with secondary hypertension. No difference was found between the two groups in terms of the frequency of target organ damage. Multiple regression analysis showed that a family history of hypertension,obesity,age over 10 years,elevated uric acid, and presence of higher systolic blood pressure values at admission were independent predictors of primary hypertension;therefore,these parameters can be considered important clues for diagnosing primary hypertension

The Relationship of Nutritional Status and Natrium Consumption Hypertension Elderly Status in the Lamongan Health Center Area

The elderly are vulnerable to degenerative diseases, such as hypertension. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and sodium consumption with hypertension elderly status in the in the Lamongan Health Center area. Quantitative design research method with this type of observational analytic research, cross sectional study approach. A sample of 63 respondents. Sampling using accidental sampling technique. Methods of data collection by weighing and measuring body height and interviews using the Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) Form. The results showed that most of the elderly with hypertension were aged 60-69 years (74.6%), were female (57.1%), had a family history of hypertension (66.7%), had more nutritional status (49.2%), consumption of more sodium (54%) and hypertension status stage 1 (81.0%). The results of the Spearman correlation test stated that there was a relationship between nutritional status and hypertension status and that there was a relationship between sodium consumption and hypertension status (p=0.001;p=0.034). The conclusion of the study is that there is a relationship between nutritional status and hypertension status and sodium consumption and hypertension status in the Lamongan Health Center area. It is recommended to conduct nutrition education in the elderly.

Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases on Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally and the main problem of non-communicable diseases. Prevention is part of cardiovascular disease treatment because it breaks the chain of management and subsequent complications from the disease. Its foundation is based on the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, as well as appropriate identification and treatment for cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to identify risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients with cardiovascular diseases. A descriptive study was performed with proportionate stratified random sampling and 88 patients with cardiovascular diseases participated in this study. Data were collected in one of general hospitals in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. The risk factors of cardiovascular disease patients were assessed using a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis statistic was used to describe risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, 80% of patients completed the questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of respondents (56.8%) had hypercholesterolemia. The results showed that most respondents (73) had a smoking history (83%). The result showed that most of the patients (64.8%) with cardiovascular disease have no family history of heart attacks. The result showed that the majority of the respondents (69.3%) had a family history of hypertension. Over 92% of respondents were unable to do strenuous activities and 79.5% were unable to do moderate activities even once a week. Early assessment and education about risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are important for the prevention and promotion of health.
 Keywords: cardiovascular disease, cardiac patients, activity patterns

Factors associated with hypertension in women of childbearing age

To investigate factors associated with hypertension in women of childbearing age. The correlational, cross-sectional study was done in Madiun, East Java, Indonesia, in August 2021 after approval from the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. The sample comprised women of childbearing age who were married and not pregnant. Data was collected using questionnaires, while blood pressure, height and weight of the subjects were measured and noted. Data were analysed using Spearman Rho test. Of the 311 subjects with mean age 32.06±7.10 years, 184(59.2%) were housewives; 153(49.2%) had studied up to the Senior High School level; 166(53.38%) were overweight; 157(50.48%) had family history of hypertension; 99 (31.83%) were exposed to cigarette 1-2 hours a day; 141(45.34%) were using hormonal contraception for >2 years; 94(30.23%) had low physical activity; 148 (47.59%) had high sodium consumption; and 139(44.69%) consumed coffee 2-3 cup/day. Hypertension prevalence was 123(39.55%). BMI (r=0.750), family history (r=0.763), exposure to cigarette smoke (r=0.755), physical activity level (r=-0.806), and sodium (r=0.505) were significantly associated with hypertension (p<0.05). Hormonal contraception (r=0.271) and coffee consumption (r= 0.127) had a weak association with hypertension incidence (p>0.05). Risk of hypertension in women increased for those with high body mass index, family history, high exposure to cigarette smoke, and high sodium intake.

CRT-500.16 Pulse Wave Analysis in a Group of Individuals With and Without Family History of Arterial Hypertension: Preliminary Data

CRT-500.16 Pulse Wave Analysis in a Group of Individuals With and Without Family History of Arterial Hypertension: Preliminary Data

Metabolic syndrome in people living with antiretroviral therapy: A cross-sectional investigation from Pune, India.

Improved longevity of people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy and accelerated aging processes are considered contributory to Metabolic Syndrome. The current study investigated metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people living with HIV (PLH) who were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) under the ongoing National AIDS Control Program. Clinic attendees (n = 3088) who were on ART for more than 6 months constituted the sampling frame, from which 378 study participants were randomly drawn and included in the analysis following the eligibility check. One hundred and fifty-nine clinic attendees, initiated on ART in ≤6 months, provided an opportunity to estimate the prevalence of MetS in them. Sixty-two PLH from this smaller group were enrolled. MetS was found among 19% (73/378; 95% confidence interval [CI] 15.5%-23.7%) PLH who were on ART >6 months compared with 24% (15/62; 95% CI 14.2%-36.7%) in those who were on ART for ≤6 months based on harmonization criteria for the Asian population; the confidence intervals overlapped and apparently observed difference was not statistically significant. Adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), protease inhibitor (PI)-based ART regimen, duration of ART, insulin resistance (IR), reported family history of hypertension and residential setting, factors independently associated with MetS were PI containing ART regimen, IR, duration of ART intake and BMI. In the adjusted model, the odds of MetS were three times higher among PLH on PI containing ART regimen (95% CI of adjusted odds ratio; aOR 1.27-8.51) and those having IR (95% CI of aOR 1.48-5.07). The odds of MetS among PLH with BMI ≥23 kg/m2 was 4 (95% CI of aOR 2.08-6.81) times higher than those with lower BMI. MetS in PLH requires the attention of health-care workers in India. Appropriate screening would help initiate early management.

Ethnicity and risk factors among Indian coronary artery disease patients.

In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the distribution of coronary risk factors in male patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)(n=50 each) belonging to Jaat and Vaishya castes. A Significantly higher average height, waist and hip circumferences, glucose, and waist-height ratio were observed in Jaats compared to the Vaishyas (p=0.000). Mean BMI, total cholesterol (total-C) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and lean body mass index (LBMI) were significantly higher in Vaishyas against Jaats (p=0.00). A significantly higher percentage of type 2 diabetes(T2DM) (p=0.03) and isolated hypertriglyceridemia(p=0.01) was observed in Jaats against Vaishya men. Percentage of general obesity(p=0.01), high total-C, high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p=0.00), high total-C/HDL-C(p=0.04), combined positive family history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and general obesity, was significantly higher in Vaishya when compared to Jaat men. In univariate logistic regression analyses, a significant association of T2DM (p=0.039) and isolated hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.020) with Jaat ethnic group and general obesity, high totalC, high LDL-C, and high total-C/HDL-C with Vaishya ethnic group was observed. Results of the present study suggest that a population-specific than a global approach should be used in identifying high-risk groups and designing of interventions to reduce the complications and management of CAD.

Pattern of macronutrients intake among type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Malaysia

BackgroundThe incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising rapidly in Malaysia. Modifying dietary intake is key to both the prevention and treatment of T2DM. This study aims to investigate the pattern of macronutrient intake among T2DM patients in Malaysia.MethodsThis study was carried out on adults aged between 35 and 70 years, residing in urban and rural Malaysian communities. A series of standardised questionnaires was used to assess the sociodemographic information, dietary intake and physical activity level of 15,353 respondents who provided informed consent to participate in this study. Blood sampling (finger prick test) and physical examination were performed to obtain blood glucose and anthropometric data, respectively. The Chi-square test was used to assess differences in the trends of macronutrient intake among T2DM patients.ResultsThe total number of participants diagnosed with T2DM in this study was 2254. Of these, 453 (20.1%) were newly diagnosed, 1156 (51.3%) were diagnosed for ≤5 years and 645 (28.6%) were diagnosed for > 5 years. Male patients show that there were significant differences among the three groups of T2DM according to the following variables: age, BMI, residency, participant comorbidity of hypertension, family history of T2DM and hypertension, and active smoker. Meanwhile, female patients show significant differences among the three groups of T2DM according to the following variables: age, BMI, marital status, education level, residency, participant comorbidity of hypertension and family history of T2DM. Most of the male patients consumed appropriate proportions of carbohydrate (458, 60.7%) and protein (618, 81.9%). However, female patients did not show any significant differences of the macronutrients intake among the three groups of T2DM patients.ConclusionsThe pattern of dietary intake among T2DM patients in this study showed consumption of carbohydrate and protein within the range of Malaysian RNI, coupled with high fat intake. Compliance with the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) was satisfactory for both carbohydrate and protein but not for fat. The pattern indicated a preference for fat rather than protein when carbohydrate intake was restricted.

Prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, associated factors and pregnancy complications in a primigravida population

BackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are among obstetrics' most intriguing and yet unsolved problems. It is one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study estimates the prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, their associated risk factors and pregnancy complications in primiparous women. MethodsAll primigravida who gave birth in our hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were included in the study. The prevalence, risk factors, mode of delivery, and maternal and fetal outcomes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in primigravidae were collected from the patient's medical records. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS 18.0 software package. The Chi-square test was used to analyse the association between the risk factors and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in primigravida. ResultsA total of 807 women were included in the study, and the mean age was 26.34 ​± ​3.84 years. The prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in primigravidae was found to be 18.6%. Among the prevalent population, 79.3% of women had gestational hypertension. The findings indicate that hypertension in pregnancy has a significant relationship with risk factors such as increased maternal age (p ​< ​0.004), family history of hypertension in pregnancy (p ​< ​0.001), body mass index >30 ​kg/m2(p ​< ​0.001), hyperglycaemia in pregnancy (p ​< ​0.001), IVF pregnancy (p ​< ​0.004) and polycystic ovary syndrome (p ​< ​0.001). The most reported adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes were placental abruption (p ​< ​0.001), postpartum haemorrhage (p ​< ​0.001), prematurity (p ​< ​0.001), and fetal growth restriction (p ​< ​0.001). ConclusionThe study emphasises the importance of knowledge and timely assessment of risk factors of HDP. It also highlights the need for pre-conceptional counselling, which includes early detection, careful monitoring and treatment of HDP for preventing morbidity and mortality related to this disorder and it should be followed up even in the postpartum period.

Prevalence and Awareness of Hypertension in Pazar District of Tokat Province: A Community-Based Study

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in individuals over the age of 18, risk factors, knowledge and opinions of society about hypertension, and awareness of hypertension in Pazar district of Tokat province. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Pazar district of Tokat province between February and May 2022. The research was conducted with 270 individuals over the age of 18 who agreed to participate in the study in each neighborhood in the district center using the proportional cluster sampling method. Results: While the prevalence of hypertension was 27%, awareness of hypertension was 21.9% in individuals. Both the prevalence of hypertension and awareness of hypertension were statistically significantly high in individuals with a family history of hypertension and comorbidities. Each unit increase in age increases the probability of hypertension by 1.112 times. Low-income participants were 8.381 times more likely to have hypertension than high-income participants. Comorbidities increase the risk of hypertension by 4.541 times. The rate of individuals who were diagnosed with hypertension by a physician was 5.9%, and the rate of regular use of the drugs recommended by the physician was only 62.5%. Conclusion: Hypertension is observed in approximately one in every three people, and the rate of awareness of hypertension is quite low. It is recommended that individuals in society should be screened for hypertension with blood pressure measurements at regular intervals, and health education should be planned for awareness.

Associations of prematurity and low birth weight with blood pressure and kidney function in middle-aged participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health: ELSA-Brasil.

An adverse intrauterine environment reflected by low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity may induce fetal programming that favors kidney dysfunction in adulthood. We examined the association of LBW and prematurity with blood pressure (BP) and kidney function markers in non-diabetic, middle-aged adults without kidney disease from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). A cross-sectional analysis of 768 subjects aged 35-54years was conducted. Comparisons were performed according to self-reported birth weight: LBW (< 2.5kg) or normal birth weight (2.5-4.0kg). Associations of LBW and prematurity with BP levels and kidney function markers "(estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], albumin-creatinine ratio [ACR] and serum cystatin-C) were tested by multiple linear regression using adjustments based on Directed Acyclic Graphs. Propensity score matching was applied to control imbalances. Mean age of participants was 45.5 ± 4.6years and 56.8% were female; 64 (8.3%) participants reported LBW and 39 (5.0%) prematurity. The LBW group had higher systolic (p = 0.015) and diastolic BP (p = 0.014) and ACR values (p = 0.031) and lower eGFR (p = 0.015) than the normal birth weight group, but no group difference for cystatin-C was found. The preterm group had higher mean levels of systolic and diastolic BP, but no difference in kidney function markers was evident. In a regression model adjusted for sex, skin color and family history of hypertension, both systolic and diastolic BP levels were associated with LBW, but this association disappeared after adding forprematurity, which remained associated with BP (p = 0.017). Having applied apropensity score matching, LBW was associated with ACR values (p = 0.003), but not with eGFR or BP levels. The study findings of independent associations of prematurity with higher BP levels, and of LBW with markers of kidney function in adulthood, support that early life events maypredict risk for hypertension and kidney dysfunction in adulthood. The study design precluded the inferring of causality, and prospective studies are needed to further investigate this hypothesis.

Altered baroreflex sensitivity at rest and during Valsalva maneuver in healthy male offspring of hypertensive patients

A family history of hypertension puts young adults at a higher risk of developing hypertension, that too, at an earlier age than their parents. Recent studies suggest that the baroreflex mechanism, which takes care of the short-term regulation of blood pressure (BP), also plays a role in the long-term regulation of BP. Studies have reported decreased baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in hypertensives. Reduced BRS is shown to herald the future occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and helps in risk stratification AIM: Toassess BRS at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver among apparently healthy male offspring (age 18-35 years) of hypertensive patients. We recruited 37 participants whose parents (either/both) were hypertensive in the study group and whose parents (both) were not hypertensive in the control group. We measured basic anthropometric parameters (height, weight, waist circumference), cardiovascular parameters (heart rate and BP), short-term heart rate variability, and BRS (at rest and during Valsalva). We found that BRS at rest and BRS during the Valsalva maneuver were reduced among healthy male offspring of hypertensive parents than in healthy male offspring of non-hypertensive parents. Further, HRV indices and Valsalva ratio showed a sympathovagal imbalance in the form of decreased vagal and increased sympathetic activity. The reduced BRS and sympathovagal imbalance in male offspring of hypertensive parents reveal the early risk of developing hypertension in the future.

Use of family history of cardiovascular disease or chronic hypertension to better identify who needs postpartum cardiovascular risk screening

Individuals with pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, not all who have hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are at risk, and not all who have uncomplicated pregnancies are without risk. This study aimed to determine if use of first-degree family history of cardiovascular disease or chronic hypertension better identifies individuals who need postpartum cardiovascular risk screening. Participants were included if they had pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy or uncomplicated, term pregnancies. Individuals with a first-degree relative with chronic hypertension, myocardial infarction, or stroke were deemed to have a positive family history and were thus included. Four groups were considered: 302 individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy who had a positive family history, 218 individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with no family history, 39 control individuals with a positive family history, and 63 control individuals with no family history. Among individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, those with a positive family history were more likely to be diagnosed with chronic hypertension, and to have elevated 30-year lipid, 30-year body mass index, and lifetime cardiovascular disease risk score (all P<.05). Among individuals with uncomplicated pregnancies, those with a positive family history were more likely to be diagnosed with chronic hypertension (P<.05) and meet criteria for metabolic syndrome (P<.05). First-degree family history of cardiovascular disease and/or chronic hypertension can be used to reliably identify individuals without pregnancy complications who should have postpartum cardiovascular risk screening, and may better determine which individuals who have a pregnancy complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy would most benefit from postpartum cardiovascular risk screening.

Validity of self-reported hypertension and related factors in the adult population: Preliminary results from the cohort in the west of Iran.

This study aimed to investigate the validity of self-reported hypertension and related factors in the Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (DehPCS). Data were obtained from 3996 participants aged 35-70 years in the enrolment phase of DehPCS. Self-reported hypertension and sociodemographic factors were collected by well-trained interviewers before hypertension diagnosis based on the reference criteria. The history of anti-hypertensive medication use and/or systolic blood pressure ≥140 (mmHg), or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 (mmHg) were considered as hypertension. Disagreement between self-reported and reference measures was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and kappa values. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used to investigate the correlates of validity of self-reported hypertension. The hypertension prevalence based on self-reports and the reference criteria was 19.49% and 21.60%, respectively. An acceptable percentage of kappa agreement value of 68.7% and relatively good overall agreement of 89.8% were found. Self-reported hypertension was guaranteed moderate sensitivity of 72.0% and high specificity of 94.5%, as well as the NPV and PPV of 92/7% and 77/9%, respectively. The chances of false-positive and false-negative reporting increased with older age, higher BMI, and a family history of hypertension. Being female, older age, higher BMI, concurrent diabetes, and stronger family ties to hypertension patients significantly increased the chance of reporting true positives relative to true negatives. Although, self-reported hypertension has an acceptable validity and can be used as a valid tool for screening epidemiological studies, it needs to be investigated because its validity is affected by age, gender, family history of hypertension, and other socio-demographic characteristics.

Clinico-epidemiological profile and risk factors of hypertensive crisis among patients attended at a tertiary care hospital in Somalia

Hypertensive crisis (HC) is a life-threatening clinical condition in which an abrupt rise in arterial blood pressure can lead to acute damage to vital organs. The main objective of our study is to determine the epidemiological profile, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of hypertensive crisis patients in Somalia. This study was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on HC patients attended at Mogadishu Somali Turkish Training and Research Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia, from November 2020 to April 2021. A total of 6239 patients were screened during the study period. The prevalence of HC was 2.1% (128/6239). Of them, 76 (59.4%) were males. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 56.5 (± 16.9) years (range: 24–98 years). 54.7% (70/128) met the criteria for a hypertensive emergency, while 45.3% (58/128) met the criteria of hypertensive urgency. Most patients (55.5%) took a single antihypertensive medicine, with calcium channel blockers being the most frequently used (57.8%). Headache and palpitation were the most often reported symptoms upon admission (39.1% and 25%). The most often prescribed antihypertensive drugs for the initial therapy included Intravenous furosemide (35.2%), Sublingual captopril (25.8%), intravenous nitroglycerin (23.4%), and intravenous labetalol (20%). Among the forms or patterns of end-organ damage of HE, we most frequently observed acute heart failure (45.7%), acute pulmonary edema (29.9%), and acute renal injury (25.7%). Infrequent medical checkups, poor compliance with medications, poor compliance with exercise, positive family history of hypertension, and being male gender were significant predictors of HC, AOR = 20.312; p < 0.000, AOR = 7.021; p < 0.008, AOR = 6.158; p < 0.017, AOR = 3.545; p < 0.032, and AOR = 2.144; p = 0.001, respectively. In Somalia, the hypertensive crisis is common in this clinic population. Infrequent medical checkups, poor compliance with medications and exercise, positive family history of hypertension, and being male gender were significant predictors of HC.

Barriers and Determinants to the Underutilized Hypertension Screening in Primary Care Patients in Hong Kong: A Mixed-Method Study.

(1) Background: Hypertension (HT) is the most common chronic condition, affecting approximately 1.13 billion people worldwide. Despite freely available blood pressure (BP) devices in primary care (PC) clinics, many patients do not regularly screen for HT and are untreated. (2) Methods: This study investigated the proportion of PC patients who did not screen for HT and the underlying reasons in Hong Kong. An explanatory mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020, which included a questionnaire survey, office BP measurements, and subsequent semi-structured interviews. Adult patients who had no diagnosis of HT were recruited in a large PC clinic by convenience sampling. The relationships between not having HT screening and sociodemographic data were investigated by logistic regression. Twenty-four patients were purposefully sampled (based on demographics) and were interviewed until data saturation. (3) Results: Among 428 participants, 190 (44.4%) had not had HT screening in the last two years, but 197 (46.0%) had HT. No HT screening in the last two years or ever was associated with being male, being single, being of younger age, having no family history of HT, having no clinic visits in the last two years, employment status, and self-perceived HT condition. Most participants (77.8%) misinterpreted their BP readings. Individual, social, and healthcare service barriers were identified in patients' interviews. Many PC patients had no regular HT screening but around half had elevated BP. (4) Conclusion: The study results indicate that the barriers to HT screening were multifactorial. HT screening in PC is urgently needed.

Validation and Reliability of Lifestyle Instruments for Indonesian Adolescents with Hypertension Family History: A Rasch Model

BACKGROUND: There are lifestyle changes among adolescents in this modern era, such as less physical activities, because many activities can be carried out using modern technology, unhealthy food habits such as eating junk food, canned food and beverages, and preserved fruits and vegetables, poor sleeping habits, stress, and smoking behavior. These lifestyles are harmful and lead to cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity and hypertension, especially in adolescents with hypertension history in the family. AIM: This study aimed to assess the validation and reliability of healthy lifestyle instruments for Indonesian adolescents with a family history of hypertension. METHODS: This study is a survey research conducted from July 2021 to February 2022 in South Sumatera, Indonesia. The subjects were adolescents with a family history of hypertension and recruited using purposive random sampling. Adolescents aged 10–18 years old who returned signed parental consent forms, gave written assent to participate, and completed the questionnaire were included in the study. The questionnaire was consisted of three sections, Section I contained internal factors, Section II related to external factors, and Section III related to healthy lifestyle. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung. Winsteps software was used to analyze the validity, reliability, unidimentionality, and rating scale. RESULTS: Obtained 103 valid question items with OUTFIT values 0.5 &lt; mean square &lt; 1.5; −2.0 &lt; ZSTD &lt; 2.0; and the point measure correlation (Pt Mean Corr) value is in the range of 0.32 &lt; Pt Measure Corr &lt; 0.85. The reliability value of respondents and instruments is 0.88, with a ’Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.95. The raw variance explained by the measured value is 72.3%, and all unexplained variance values are &lt;15%. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy lifestyle instruments are valid and reliable, so it is feasible to measure the healthy lifestyle of Indonesian adolescents with a family history of hypertension. This instrument can measure the success of a program or intervention in changing a lifestyle in adolescents at risk of developing hypertension, especially adolescents with a family history of hypertension. We suggest further research involving more participants in a broader area. We hope the healthy lifestyle instruments can be used in a standardized manner for all regions of Indonesia.