Family History Of Hernia Research Articles

Risk Factors of Inguinal Hernia in Urban South Africa

Abstract Background: One million inguinal hernia repairs are performed annually in the USA. Although there are reports on the prevalence of inguinal hernias from sub-Sahara Africa, similar reports and guidelines are lacking for the South African population. The aim of this study was to address the epidemiology of inguinal hernias in a South African population. Methods: A retrospective review of all adult patients admitted with inguinal hernias to a public health facility in Johannesburg, was performed using a retrospective review of hospital patient records from August 2019 to May 2020. The patient records were analysed to identify the risk factors associated with inguinal hernias in this population. Results: Of the 125 patients, 91 were male (73%, mean age 50) and 34 were female (27%, mean age 47). Eighty-seven patients self-identified as Black African, 31 as White, four as Indian and three as mixed race. The right side predominated. Twenty patients had bilateral hernias. The mean BMI of males was 25, and 29 for females (p=0.002). Seventy-five patients were never-smokers, seven patients suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and six had a family history of hernia. Fifteen patients indicated lifting heavy weights. Conclusion: Based on the study population, women had a nine-fold higher risk for developing an inguinal hernia, compared with women in Western countries. Further studies of inguinal hernia in women on the African continent are strongly advised.

The role of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in the aetiology of inguinal and incisional hernias.

Inguinal and incisional hernias are the two most common types of hernias caused by abdominal wall weakness and defects in connective tissue. The structure of the extracellular matrix, mainly collagen and metalloproteinases (MMPs), and their regulators have been studied extensively and found to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of hernias. One of the regulators of MMPs, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases (TIMPs), bind to MMPs and inhibit its activity significantly shifting the balance towards collagen synthesis rather than degradation. Due to their importance in collagen metabolism, their metabolism might be significant in the aetiology of hernias. Our study used immunohistochemical techniques to investigate the possible effects of TIMP 1 and 2 on the samples taken from the abdominal walls of patients with inguinal and incisional hernias, compared them with control patients, and reviewed the literature. In this study, samples of 90 patients (30 patients from control, inguinal hernia, and incisional hernia groups) were taken and analysed. These samples were stained with TIMP‐1 Ab‐2 and TIMP2 Ab‐5 (Clone 3A4) antibodies and evaluated under ×100 magnification. The degree of staining was classified as (a): No staining (0), (b): Staining less than 10% (I), (c): Staining between 10% and 50% (II), (d): Staining more than 50% (III). Statistical analyses were done. No significant difference was found between groups in terms of patient demographics. Smoking and family history of hernia was not found to be associated with TIMP expression. TIMP1 expression was significantly higher in the incisional and inguinal hernia group than in the control group (P < .05), while the level of TIMP2 was higher in the control group. (P < .05). TIMP1 and TIMP2 levels did not significantly differ between incisional and inguinal hernia groups. We found significantly increased TIMP‐1 levels in tissue samples from patients with hernia supporting its suggested role in hernia pathophysiology. Local alterations in MMP and TIMP levels might play a role in the pathogenesis of hernias. Thus detection of TIMP in tissues can be important for clinical use after further validation studies. In the era of molecular medicine, detecting TIMP levels in hernia patients can impact clinical practice.

CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGIC PROFILE OF INGUINAL HERNIA IN RURAL MEDICAL COLLEGE IN NORTHERN INDIA

Background: Inguinal hernias are one most common problem dealt by general surgeons and have signicant morbidity and mortality. In the developed countries, almost all of the inguinal hernias are recognized early and present early in the course of disease to the surgeon. However, in developing countries, quite a considerable percentage of it is not repaired leading to a higher incidence of morbidity and mortality. Hence, we planned this study to understand the clinico-epidemiologic prole of inguinal hernia in rural medical college in northern India. Methodology: This is a descriptive epidemiological, prospective study carried out in rural medical college. All patients who presented to the surgical wards and outpatient with a clinical diagnosis of inguinal hernia were included in the study. Results:Among the 92 patients included in the study, most of them were men (88) with a mean age of around 44 years, married (85) and farmer (48) by occupation. All the patients of inguinal hernia presented with the complaints of lump above the inguinal crease and had predominantly rightsided hernia. 5 patients had family history of hernia. Indirect inguinal hernias were predominant. 3 patients had recurrence of earlier operated hernia, while 5 patients had hernia on the opposite side. Most of the patients presented late to the hospital due to the lack of awareness of the disease. Conclusion: Late presentation of disease is the hallmark of this disease in rural areas due to the lack of awareness. Increasing awareness of the disease among general population will lead to inguinal hernias being detected at earlier stage and will decrease the morbidity due to this disease

D-Dimer in inguinal hernias

Aim: This study aimed to find out whether there was a correlation between D-Dimer and inguinal hernia. Material and Methods: Demographic data, direction of hernia, type of hernia, presence of local coexisting pathology, family history of hernia, presence of chronic disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hard labour / sports history, body mass index (BMI) of the patients operated for inguinal hernia are recorded: some labarotory parameters ( D-Dimer (DD) in blood, CRP, ESR, WBC, neutrophil ratio ( NR ), erythrocyte distribution range ( RDW ), AST, ALT, ALP, GGT ) and their correlation with the patient features were analyzed. The results were analysed using the SPSS statistical program. The correlation between the groups was evaluated by Chi-square test. p