Family History Of Gallstone Disease Research Articles

Sex disparities in gallstone disease: insights from the MAUCO prospective population-based cohort study

ObjectiveTo investigate factors associated with the prevalence and incidence of gallstone disease (GSD) in women and men of the MAUCO population-based prospective cohort.Design8948 MAUCO participants (aged 38–74 years) underwent abdominal...

Significance of family history of cholelithiasis in a Pakistani population: A single center, descriptive cross-sectional study.

Linkage studies have indicated a potential genetic predisposition to cholelithiasis. This study aims to determine the frequency of positive family history of gallstone disease in patients presenting with gallstones in a Pakistani population. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the surgical department of the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital from June 30, 2023 to August 30, 2023. A total of 102 radiologically confirmed cholelithiasis patients were enrolled. Out of 102 participants, 75.5% (n = 77) were females, with a mean age at presentation of 42.1 ± 12.1 years. The study found that 32.4% (n = 33) of participants had a single family member with gallstones, 3.9% (n = 4) had 2 family members affected, and 1% (n = 1) had 3 family members affected. The attributable risk of genetics from our study was 37.2%. Additionally, there was no significant association between positive family history and earlier onset of disease. A significant percentage of Pakistani population may have gallstone disease due to genetic factors.

Biliary sludge syndrome induced by cephalosporins in children: clinical and diagnostic markers, management

Biliary sludge can occur when taking medicines (oral contraceptives, cephalosporins, octreotide, furosemide, clofibrate, morphine, calcium preparations, etc.). In particular, 30–40 % of ceftriaxone, which is widely used in pediatric inpatient practice, is excreted with bile, 5–15 % of all side effects of the drug are due to biliary sludge. The mechanism of ceftriaxone-associated biliary sludge is due to the fact that ceftriaxone competes with bilirubin for albumin, which induces an increase in unconjugated bilirubin in the blood. The drug enters the bile in the form of a divalent anion, binds to calcium in ceftriaxone-calcium complexes with inclusions of cholesterol monohydrate crystals and bilirubinate granules. In patients taking cephalosporins, when complaints from the gastrointestinal tract appear, ultrasound screening is mandatory. Children with a family history of gallstone disease and risk factors should undergo ultrasound screening on the 10th day and 1 month after treatment with cephalosporins, even in the absence of complaints. The administration of ursodeoxycholic acid leads to a significant regression of clinical symptoms of biliary sludge and objective ultrasound signs in 2/3 of children after 2 months.

Apolypoprotein E gene polymorphism, gallstone disease, diabetes 2 type and lipid metabolism disorders

Aim of the study was to explore the impact of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms (GP) on gallstone disease (GSD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and its role in lipid metabolism. APOE4 allele carriers had the highest levels of plasma and bile cholesterol and the lowest levels of bile acids in bile than other alleles. In GSD a higher frequency of APOE4 carriers (2.6 times compared to control) was found. GSD risk was reduced by 12 % in APOE2 carriers compared to APOE3/3. Our 20-year research confirms the association of APOE GP and GSD. The frequency of ε4/ε4 genotype is higher in people aged 18–35 years with a family history of GSD (5.8 %) compared to population of Novosibirsk (1.8 %, p < 0.05). The bile was more lithogenic in APOE4 carriers with GSD: the bile cholesterol level is 8.0 ± 0.5 versus 6.9 ± 0.6 g/l in ε3/ε3 genotype. APOE4 carriers with a family history of GSD had cholate-cholesterol ratio of 6.4 ± 0.7 versus 12.9 ± 0.2 (p < 0.05) in the absence of APOE4. in women with hypertension, the presence of GSD was associated with a combination of low density cholesterol (LDL-C) > 3.5 mmol/l and the APOE4 carriage. DM2 is a recognized risk factor for GSD. The most common opinion is that the ε4 allele is an independent risk of DM2, some authors consider the allele APOE2. Moreover, DM2 patients with the ε3/ε4 genotype have an increase in total cholesterol, LDL-C and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to ε3/ε3. Other studies have not found any associations between APOE GP and GSD or DM2. The inconsistency of the data can be explained by the heterogeneity of the included groups and methods of APOE genotyping, which requires further research.

Demographic and Risk Factor Profile in Patients of Gallstone Disease in Central India.

BackgroundGallbladder stones are more common in some regions of the world than others. Gallstones that are asymptomatic might be discovered as an afterthought during a regular ultrasound scan for another abdominal ailment. The changing incidence in India is mostly due to westernization and the availability of ultrasonography in both urban and rural areas, as well as increased affordability owing to changes in the socio-economic structure and the budget of investigations. This study aims to know the prevalence of gallstone disease as well as the risk factors that contribute to its development in central India.MethodA single-center, cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Seventy-two radiologically diagnosed cases of gallstone disease irrespective of age, gender, and comorbid condition were included in the study.ResultSeventy-two cases of gallstone were included in the research. The highest age-specific incidence of gallstone was in the fifth and sixth decades with the maximum incidence in the sixth decade. Females had a higher incidence of gallstone formation. The pain was the earliest symptom but we found that 41.67% patients had asymptomatic gallstones. A family history of gallstone disease is found positive in 69.44% of the patients who also had an increased risk of gallstone. 22.22% patient were only diabetic, 6.95% were only hypertensive and 20.83% were both diabetic + hypertensive. Comorbidity has a high prevalence of gallstone disease. Obesity has a significant link to gallstone disease, with BMI being one of the most important indicators of obesity.ConclusionThe prevalence of asymptomatic gallstones is relatively high in central India. We strongly recommend ultrasonography as a screening modality in patients with older age group, female gender, high cholesterol level, family history of gallstones, sickle cell disease, increased BMI and co-morbidities like diabetes or hypertension for early detection of gallstones formation.

Risk Factors for Gall Stone Diseases in Patients Presenting to General Practice Out Patient Department in a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal

Introduction: Gallstone disease (GSD) is a major public health problem that is associated with a number of risk factors. This study aims to analyze the risk factors of GSD in patients visiting General Practice Outpatient Department of Tribhuvan Universtiy Teaching Hospital.
 Methods: A case-control study of 174 participants comprising 85 cases with GSD and 89 controls without GSD, as confirmed by ultrasonography of abdomen was conducted as hospital based in outpatient department of General practice, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu from 1st February 2018 to 31st January, 2019. The participants were asked questions regarding putative risk factors for development of GSD and underwent physical and ultra sonographic examination. Risk factors included were age, sex, BMI, occupation, co-morbidities e.g. diabetes mellitus, hemolytic diseases, family history of GSD, smoking status, alcohol consumption, parity if applicable and dietary history. Data analysis was done by univariate method.
 Results: The mean age of the case group was 47.82 years whereas mean age for the control was 46.51 years (p=0.355). 22% of cases were male and 78% were female where as in control group 29% were male (p=0.3030). Majority of the participants in both group were housewife by occupation and Hindu by religion. Mean BMI of the cases and control were 24.05 kg/m2 and 21.13kg/m2 respectively. BMI was found significant for the gall stone diseases (p=<0.001). Similarly, Diabetes mellitus was found significant for GSD (p=0.001). 98% cases and 61% in control group were Non-vegetarians with significant p value of 0.021. Smoking (p=0.005), Non-vegetarian diet (p=0.021), family history of gall stone disease (p<0.001) and parity (p<0.001) were also found significant for the gall stone disease.
 Conclusion: High BMI, non-vegetarian diet, family history of gall stone disease, diabetes mellitus, smoking and increased parity were associated with gall stone diseases.

Risk Factors for Gall Stone Diseases in Patients Presenting to General Practice Out Patient Department in a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal

Introduction: Gallstone disease (GSD) is a major public health problem that is associated with a number of risk factors. This study aims to analyze the risk factors of GSD in patients visiting General Practice Outpatient Department of Tribhuvan Universtiy Teaching Hospital. Methods: A case-control study of 174 participants comprising 85 cases with GSD and 89 controls without GSD, as confirmed by ultrasonography of abdomen was conducted as hospital based in outpatient department of General practice, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu from 1st February 2018 to 31st January, 2019. The participants were asked questions regarding putative risk factors for development of GSD and underwent physical and ultrasonographic examination. Risk factors included were age, sex, BMI, occupation, co-morbidities e.g. diabetes mellitus, hemolytic diseases, family history of GSD, smoking status, alcohol consumption, parity if applicable and dietary history. Data analysis was done by univariate method. Results: The mean age of the case group was 47.82 years whereas mean age for the control was 46.51 years (p=0.355). 22% of cases were male and 78% were female whereas in control group 29% were male (p=0.3030). Majority of the participants in both group were housewife by occupation and Hindu by religion. Mean BMI of the cases and control were 24.05 kg/m2 and 21.13kg/m2 respectively. BMI was found significant for the gall stone diseases (p=<0.001). Similarly, Diabetes mellitus was found significant for GSD (p=0.001). 98% cases and 61% in control group were Non-vegetarians with significant p value of 0.021. Smoking (p=0.005), Non-vegetarian diet (p=0.021), family history of gall stone disease (p<0.001) and parity (p<0.001) were also found significant for the gall stone disease. Conclusion: High BMI, non-vegetarian diet, family history of gall stone disease, diabetes mellitus, smoking and increased parity were associated with gall stone diseases.

Frequency of symptoms associated with gallstone disease: a hospital-based cross sectional study.

This study investigated the likely outcomes of gallstone disease and frequency of symptoms associated with this. This cross sectional study was performed at the Aliebn Abitaleb hospital in Rafsanjan over a period of twelve months from 2000 to 2001. A total sample of 70 individuals were included in the study, interviewing them using of a questionnaire covering data in terms of demographic features and medical history.The majority of patients belonged to the age group of 41 to 60 years (44.3% of all patients), while the lowest frequency was in the age group of 20 years or less. Frequency of females was higher than males. The frequency of female patients increased with the number of child birth, the highest being in women who had more than 5 child births. The most common complaint of pain was revealed as upper right abdominal quadrant (RUQ), which accounted for 95.7% of cases. Vomiting was observed in 52.9% of patients. In addition, the frequency of patients with chronic pain initiation was more than those with acute pain initiation. Among women, 17.5% had oral contraceptive pill constipation. It is worth noting that ultrasonography was the best diagnostic tool for evaluating patients. It is noteworthy that the most common symptom was right upper quadrant tenderness. Our data indicate that diabetes was the most common illness associated with gallstone disease and that 8.6% of patients had a family history of gallstone disease.

Gallstones in Young Population and Its Complications

Background: Gallstone disease (GSD) is quite a prevalent condition. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and risk factors associated with gallstone disease in a younger age group and possible complications. Method: This is a prospective study which was conducted at Surgical Unit-I of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi from January 2015 and December 2016. 244 patients with cholelithiasis, confirmed by ultrasound examination, were interviewed and underwent physical examination and laboratory investigations. The risk factors considered were gender, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, family history of gallstone disease and diabetes mellitus, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI) and dyslipidemia. Results: 244 (48.13%) patients were under the age of 30 years, out of 507. There were 208 females (85.2%) and 36 males (14.8%) with a mean age of 26.2±2.98 years. All patients presented with symptomatic disease. BMI, dyslipidemia and socioeconomic status were associated with gallstone disease. No link was noted with familial diabetes and GSD status, pregnancies, or contraceptive use. Only family history of GSD and socioeconomic status were significant risk factors in female patients (p

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Positively Associated with Gallstones in Liver Cirrhosis

Aim: To elucidate the prevalence and risk factors of gallstone disease (GD) among patients with liver disease and explore their association with the aetiology and severity of hepatic injury. Methods: We analysed 4,832 subjects of hepatic injury induced by one of the following aetiologies: hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, excessive alcohol consumption. The risk factors significantly associated with GD were analysed using stepwise logistic regression analysis, the influence of aetiology and severity of liver disease on the prevalence of GD were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for confounding factors. Results: Three thousand forty eight patients were of positive HBV surface antigen alone with a prevalence of GD of 18.6%, 526 were tested as positive Anti-HCV alone with a prevalence of GD of 22.4%, and 1,258 were identified with excessive alcohol consumption patterns with a prevalence of GD of 13.5%. In each aetiological category, the prevalence of GD increased by age. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that age, female, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Cho), family history of GD, HBV infection, HCV infection, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis were independent associated with HCV-related cirrhosis in both genders, HBV-related cirrhosis in males and alcohol-related cirrhosis in females compared with patients with less severe liver disease. After adjusting for gender, age, LDL-Cho and family history of GD, patients with HCV-related cirrhosis (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.49-3.84) but not HBV-related cirrhosis (OR 1.52, 95% CI 0.73-1.82) were more likely to have GD compared with alcohol-related cirrhosis. Conclusion: HCV infection is positively associated with gallstone formation especially in those with cirrhosis patients.

Risk profile for gallstone disease in southern Indian population: Is there anything new?

There are reports of changes in demographic and morphological characteristics of gallstone (GS) disease in South Asian countries. The changes in dietary factors have not been previously reported. The aim of the study was to identify dietary factors and lifestyle patterns among southern Indian patients with GS disease. Seventy-one consecutive patients with GS disease were compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Baseline demographic characteristics, alcohol intake and smoking, and dietary details were noted and associations examined statistically. The demographic and lifestyle variables were similar in both groups. Family history of GS disease and diabetes mellitus was higher among cases (16.9 %; p = 0.01; odds ratio (OR) 2.02; 95 % CI 1.58 to 2.58 for both). Vegetables consumed ≥ 2 times per week (OR 0.09; 95 % CI 0.04 to 0.21), fruits (OR 0.45; 95 % CI 0.20 to 0.99), and sugar (OR 0.27; 95 % CI 0.07 to 0.95) consumed ≥ 3 times per week were negatively associated with GS. Tea and coffee were taken less frequently by cases (2.5 vs. 2.9 cups/day; ANOVA p < 0.01). Tamarind (OR 27.6; 95 % CI 9.5 to 84.4), spicy foods (OR 6.6; 95 % CI 2.8 to 16.3), and fried foods (OR 9.1; 95 % CI 2.8 to 33.2) when taken ≥ 4 times per week and cooking oil ≥ 300 mL per month (OR 62.0; p < 0.0000) increased the risk for GS. Several dietary preferences were associated with GS disease in this southern Indian population.

Diet and Nutritional Factors Related to Symptomatic Gallstone Disease in Women

Background: Gallstone Disease (GD) results from the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as physical activity, diet and food habits that are characteristic of each culture. Female gender, aging, obesity and insulin resistance are strongly associated to gallstone formation. Female Mexican population presents high prevalence of obesity and GD. Hence our aim was to establish the relationship between GD, dietary constituents and nutritional factors in women with symptomatic cholelithiasis. Methods: We performed a case-control study in 93 women with symptomatic gallstones and 95 controls. Evaluations included clinical aspects, anthropometry, 24-hours dietary recalls, food habits and physical exercise. Results: Family history of GD was present in 53% of GD patients, 54% showed insulin resistance. GD women, compared to controls, had more overweight and obesity (83% vs. 69%), higher waist-to-hip ratio (0.869 ± 0.06 vs. 0.838 ± 0.063, p=.001), consumed lesser meals /day (2.91 ± 0.76 vs. 3.61 ± 0.81 p<0.001), ingested more energy (2186 kcal vs. 1366 kcal p<0.001), more total fat (65 vs. 43 g/day; p<0.001) and more portions of simple sugars per 1000 kcal (2.5 vs. 2.0 p=0.025). Fewer GD women consumed dietary fiber recommended allowance (3 vs. 25% p<0.0001). Overnight fasting periods were longer in the GD group. Most patients and controls had a sedentary life style. Conclusion: Obesity, abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance and nutritional factors such as excessive intake of total energy, total fat, simple sugar and long fasting periods; constitute risk factors for gallstone formation. Meanwhile, adequate dietary fiber intake is a protective factor in this population of Mexican women.

Risk factors associated with gallstone disease in women

summary Background & aims: Gallstone disease in middle-aged women has been increasing due to changing dietary and environmental factors varying from country to country. The aim of the study was to determine the risk factors associated with gallstone disease in women aged � 35 years of the district of Peshawar, Pakistan. Study design: A hospital-based caseecontrol study. Methods: One hundred and ten women (55 cases and 55 controls) attending the Surgical Departments of two Government hospitals were enrolled for the study. All subjects were screened for ultra-sonography; biochemical and anthropometric measurements. They were interviewed for their past medical history; physical activity; 24-hr dietary recall and for demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test, chi-square and multivariate conditional logistic regression to determine mean differences between the continuous variables; establish association between the categorical variables and to determine risk factors associated with gallstone disease, respectively. Results: Of 55 cases, 15 (27%) had a family history of gallstone disease. Thirty five percent of the cases had a single calculus while 65% had multiple calculi with mean size of 14.85 � 14.46 mm. Conditional logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the body mass index was the most significant risk factor for women’s gallstone disease. The adjusted odds ratio for women’ sB MI� 25 kg/m 2 was 2.93 (95% CI: 1.43e6.01), indicating almost a three times higher risk of gallstone disease than women with BMI 1.3) and having dietary vitamin C intake � 75 mg per day. Conclusion: High body mass index, physical inactivity and low vitamin C intake are associated with gallstone disease in Pakistani women. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Tu2051 Gallbladder Wall Changes in Patients With and Without Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Recent research has described that obesity and high carbohydrates intake increases fat content of the gallbladder, decreases its motility and mucosal absorption, leading to a condition known as steatocholecystitis. Gallstone disease (GD) and the metabolic syndrome (MS) share common risk factors. Objective: To identify if MS contributes to the development of functional disorders and wall changes of the gallbladder. Methods: A Prospective study was conducted from August 2010 to July 2011 on patients with symptomatic gallbladder disease undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Forty two patients were included and divided into two groups; 22 patients with MS and 20 patients without MS. Family history, risk factors, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory variables were evaluated before surgery. Gallbladder specimens were analyzed, measured and graded by two pathologists at 3 standardized areas (cystic duct, liver bed, free margin and fundus). Results: Thirty three patients who underwent cholecystectomy were female. A family history of GD and MS were present in 90% of patients. Chronic cholecystitis was the most frequent diagnostic (93%). Median weight was 75.5kg±14.3 and 67.1kg±9.2 for MS and No-MS groups respectively. Gallbladder wall thickness was significantly increased (P=0.012) in the MS group. This thickness was secondary mainly observed in the cystic duct area of patient with MS. The percentage of fatty infiltration of the gallbladder wall, muscle degeneration and cholesterolosis did not show significant differences between groups. Conclusions: MS is associated with an increased gallbladder wall thickness. Muscle fibrosis in the cystic duct was the most important wall modification in these patients. In our series, MS was not associated to fat infiltration of the gallbladder wall or cholesterolosis.

44-jährige Patientin mit unklarer Leberwerterhöhung und familiär gehäuftem Gallensteinleiden

"Low phospholipid associated cholelithiasis" (LPAC) syndrome is an important differential diagnosis in younger patients with biliary symptoms after cholecystectomy and concomitant elevated serum liver tests. Typical symptoms include recurrence of biliary colics after cholecystectomy, echogenic material in the intrahepatic bile ducts, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy or cholestasis under hormonal contraception and a family history of gallstone disease. Patients with LPAC syndrome can be successfully treated with ursodeoxycholic acid.

Risk Factors for Gallstone Disease in a Thai Population

BackgroundGallstone disease (GSD) is a major public health problem that is associated with a number of risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study of 407 participants comprising 207 cases with GSD and 200 controls without GSD, as confirmed by ultrasonography. The participants completed a questionnaire and underwent physical and ultrasonographic examination. The risk factors examined were age, sex, BMI, use of oral contraceptives, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, thalassemia, dyspepsia, family history of gallstone disease, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and dietary history.ResultsBMI, fat content of dietary meat, and smoking were associated with GSD. When compared to participants with a BMI below 25, participants with a BMI of 25 or higher had a multivariate relative risk of 4.1 (95% CI, 2.5–6.7). Participants who consumed meat with moderate fat content or high fat content had respective relative risks of 2.5 and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.5–4.2 and 1.5–5.6), when compared to those who consumed meat with a low fat content. Also, the multivariate relative risk for former smokers, as compared to never smokers, was 2.4 (95% CI, 1.1–5.2).ConclusionsHigh BMI, consumption of high-fat meat, and smoking were associated with gallstone disease.

The Amerindian's Genes in the Mexican Population are Associated with Development of Gallstone Disease

It has been suggested that genes related to Amerindian ancestry account for the high prevalence of gallstone disease (GD) observed in Mexican-Americans. The HLA-B39 is an allele found in higher frequency in Amerindians whereas HLA-B15 is rarely found. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that gallstone susceptibility genes are more prevalent in Mexicans with recent Amerindian ancestry. We carried out a prospective case-controlled study. Subjects were divided into those who had stones visible on gallbladder ultrasound (cases), and those whose ultrasounds were negative for gallstones (controls). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and serum lipids and lipoprotein, and glucose levels were measured. Class I HLA (HLA-B) typing was performed by PCR amplification of genomic DNA. Of the 1,101 subjects, 146 were classified as subjects with GD (cases) and 955 as subjects without GD (controls). Mean age of the cases was 53.5 +/- 12.5 yr versus 44.78 +/- 12.0 yr for the controls, p= 0.001. A family history of GD was observed in 48% of the cases versus 28.4% of the controls, p= 0.001. HLA-B39 was more frequently increased in GD subjects (0.162), compared with controls (0.063), p= 0.008. The odds ratio of having HLA-B39 was 2.8 and 95% (CI 95%= 1.3-6.3) for GD; HLA-B15 was more frequently increased in controls than in cases. The most prevalent HLA alleles detected in these GD cases are characteristic of Amerindian populations, supporting the role of genetics in the high prevalence of the development of GD in Mexican mestizos.

Gallstone disease and related risk factors in a large cohort of diabetic patients

Background and aim. The aim of this study of a large cohort of consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus was to investigate the still controversial questions concerning the prevalence and possible risk factors of gallstone disease in diabetics. Patients and methods. We enrolled 1337 consecutive patients (710 males aged 63±11 years and 627 females aged 65±11 years), of whom 1235 (92%) had type 2 and 102 (8%) had type 1 diabetes mellitus. The data were statistically analysed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results. The prevalence of gallstone disease was significantly higher in diabetics than in the general population with comparable characteristics (MICOL study) (332/1337 (24.8%) versus 4083/29684 (13.8%); z=11.208, P=0.0001) and this difference maintained its statistical significance even when only the North Italian centers involved in this nation-wide survey were considered (332/1337 (24.8%) versus 2469/18091 (13.6%); z=11.225, P=0.0001). A total of 332 diabetics (25%) had gallstone disease: 261 had stone(s) and 71 had previously undergone cholecystectomy for gallstone disease after a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of gallstone disease was higher in the females (29% versus 22%, P=0.003), and increased with age (13, 20 and 30% in patients aged ≤40, 41–65 and >65 years, respectively; P=0.001), body mass index (24% in patients with a body mass index of ≤30 and 30% in those with a body mass index of >30 kg/m 2; P=0.001) and a positive family history of gallstone disease (31% versus 23%; P=0.001). Gallstone disease was not significantly related to the type of diabetes, plasma total and HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, alcohol intake, smoking habits, physical activity, weight reduction in the last year, the use of oral contraceptives, parity or menopause. At multivariate analysis, increasing age, a higher body mass index and a positive family history maintained their statistical significance. Conclusions. In patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of gallstone disease was significantly related to age, body mass index and a family history of gallstone disease.

518 Family history of gallstone disease determine the susceptibility to developing gallstone disease in mexicans patients

518 Family history of gallstone disease determine the susceptibility to developing gallstone disease in mexicans patients

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and gallstone disease prevalence: a case-control study

Objectives: Conflicting results on the relationship between gallstone disease and the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported, but studies on the effect of NSAID use in populations not selected on the basis of a high risk for gallstone development are still lacking. Methods: We conducted a case-control study involving 216 patients, regular NSAID users (43 men and 173 women) consecutively admitted to a rheumatology department, suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (n = 147), osteoarthritis (n = 49), and ankylosing spondylitis (n = 20). Two-hundred sixteen patients who were not NSAID users, matched for gender, age, and body mass index, consecutively admitted to a medical department for various medical pathologies, acted as a control group. All patients underwent upper abdomen ultrasonography. Results: The overall prevalence of gallstones was similar in the two groups: 24.0% in NSAID users (15.7% actual stones and 8.3% previous cholecystectomy) and 21.3% in controls (13.9% gallstones and 7.4% cholecystectomy). The prevalence of gallstone disease was significantly higher in women than in men, and the mean age was higher in gallstone patients than in gallstone-free patients, in both groups. No significant differences in type and duration of arthritis condition, type and dose of NSAID taken, and duration of treatment between gallstone patients and gallstone-free patients were found. On logistic regression analysis only female gender, aging, and family history of gallstone disease were significantly associated with the presence of gallstones, whereas no relationship between NSAID use and gallstone disease was found. Conclusions: Chronic NSAID ingestion does not seem to prevent gallstones in arthritis patients; in these patients gallstone disease is associated with classic risk factors (female gender and age).