Family Food Research Articles

Causes and Consequences of Land Degradation in Ethiopia: A Review

The term "land degradation" refers to the deterioration of the land's quality and that of its surrounding components due to either natural or artificial factors. The most frequent cause of land deterioration in Ethiopia is water-induced soil erosion. Due to decreased agricultural soil fertility, land degradation has a detrimental effect on Ethiopia's economy as well as agricultural production. It is now a significant issue impacting all aspect of Ethiopians' social, political, and economic lives. It is one of the main obstacles to the nation's agricultural growth and food security. Rapid population growth, significant soil erosion, deforestation, overgrazing, insufficient vegetative cover, uneven crop production on steep slopes, erosive rainfall patterns, a lack of fallowing, and inadequate conservation measures are the main drivers of land degradation in Ethiopia's highlands. The consequences of land degradation include the loss of fertile soil, which reduces the amount of land that can be used for agriculture. The state of family food security is negatively impacted by land degradation, which also directly lowers livelihoods in rural areas and has catastrophic effects on Ethiopia's sociocultural context and ecological setting. Lower crop yields are the direct result of soil degradation, and agricultural households experience increased rates of poverty as a result.

Military Family Perspectives on Enrollment and Engagement in the WIC Program.

One in four U.S. service members endorses food insecurity. The Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is an invaluable, underutilized resource that can increase access to nutritious food for families with children under 5 years of age. Our research sought to evaluate military family perceptions and engagement with the WIC program. We conducted a mixed-method study, recruiting from a convenience sample of military families who applied for financial assistance for child care. An 18-question survey and follow-up focus groups assessed participant demographics and experiences with WIC. We utilized descriptive statistics ordinal logistic regression analyses for quantitative data analysis. For qualitative data, descriptive content analysis with constant comparison and inductive and deductive coding of interviews identified emerging themes. This study was approved by the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Institutional Review Board. Among the 399 survey respondents, 25% were currently enrolled in WIC and 39% had been previously enrolled. Service members and their partners learned about WIC from a variety of sources, and there was no significant association between the branch of service or rank and WIC enrollment. There were 40 total participants in 10 completed focus groups. Six themes emerged: (1) Military-specific factors create unique circumstances related to WIC engagement; (2) the WIC program facilitates access to formula supplementation and nutritious foods for military families; (3) lack of program awareness and misinformation are top barriers to WIC engagement in military families; (4) stigma impacts WIC program enrollment and engagement; (5) logistics of enrollment can impact WIC engagement among military families; and (6) the military can support WIC enrollment and engagement through standardization, education, and leadership commitment. Our findings suggest that unique circumstances related to military family life create a profound need for programs addressing food support, such as WIC. Interventions to improve WIC enrollment among military families need to be rooted in broad outreach efforts, not targeted at specific ranks, branches, or ages. Specific recommendations include increasing information dissemination, universally screening military families for WIC, decreasing logistical burdens, and involving military leadership.

PENGARUH METODE BABY LED WEANING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN ORAL MOTOR PADA BAYI (6-12 BULAN) DI KLINIK PRATAMA TANJUNG KECAMATAN DELI TUA

The Baby Led Weaning method is a method of eating activities that introduces healthy family foods that are often consumed by families in the form of finger food and gives children the opportunity to eat on their own since the beginning of the process of introducing complementary foods to breast milk. Breast milk only meets the nutritional needs of infants as much as 60% in infants aged 6-12 months. The rest must be met with other foods that are sufficient in number and good in nutrition. Therefore, at the age of 6 months and over, babies need additional nutrition from complementary foods, but the MP-ASI given must also be of high quality. Objective: To determine the effect of the Baby Led Weaning Method on Oral Motor Skills in Infants (6 – 12 months). Methods: This type of research is pre-experimental with a One Group Prestest-Posttest design. This sampling uses a total sampling and obtained 15 infants 6-12 months. Conclusion: This study uses the Wilcoxon test. Based on the results of bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon test, p-value of 0.001 < 0.05 means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that it can be said that there is an effect of giving the baby lad weaning method on oral motor skills in infants. -12 months at Tanjung Pratama Clinic.

The Relationship Of Smoking Habits With Family Food In Suci Village, Manyar District, Gresik Regency East Java

Merokok adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia, satu batang rokok mengandung empat ribu bahan kimia yang sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh perilaku merokok dengan pangan keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain Cross Sectional, sampel yang digunakan adalah kepala rumah tangga yang merokok dan tidak merokok. Sebanyak 41 orang (41%) dengan pangan yang bervariasi dan 59 orang (59%) dengan pangan yang tidak bervariasi. Sebanyak 41 orang (41%) dengan pengeluaraan pangan >500 ribu dan 59 orang (59%). Sebanyak 69 orang (69%) dengan penghasilan < 5 juta perbulan dan 31 orang (31%) dengan penghasilan > 5 juta perbulan.

Carving Positive Changes: Knowledge and Attitudes of Mothers of Toddlers through Nutrition Counseling

Complementary Feeding is food and drinks given to babies who have reached the age of 6 months and above to fulfill their nutritional needs. Therefore Complementary Feeding is only introduced to babies after they reach the age of 6 months or older. Complementary Feeding represents the transitional stage from breastfeeding to family foods gradually, both in terms of types and frequency of provision, portion sizes, and the form of food that is suitable for the age and digestive capacity of the baby. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of counseling on MP-ASI on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers of toddlers aged 0-24 months at Nurtiana Ginting Clinic from December 2023 to March 2024. This research method uses an experimental approach with a pre-experimental design known as the one-group pretest-posttest design. In this approach, before counseling, respondents were asked to fill out questionnaires before (pretest) and after (posttest) counseling. Subsequently, the researcher compared the results of the pretest with the posttest. The research sample consisted of 38 mothers who had toddlers aged 0-24 months. Bivariate data analysis used the Wilcoxon test because the data were not normally distributed. Initially, only 5 respondents (13%) had good knowledge. However, after counseling, the number of respondents with good knowledge increased to 34 people (89%). The attitudes of mothers before counseling showed that 11 respondents (29%) had good attitudes, while after counseling, the number of respondents with good attitudes increased to 32 people (84%). The results of bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating the rejection of the null hypothesis (Ho) and acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers of toddlers after counseling. These findings indicate that nutrition counseling is effective in carving positive changes in the knowledge and attitudes of mothers of toddlers. The implication of this research is the need for broader and more focused nutrition counseling programs to support the health and nutrition of toddlers.

Pelatihan Akuaponik Kepada Masyarakat Kampung Krasak Kota Baru, Gondokusuman, Yogyakarta

Aquaponics is a method for cultivating fish and vegetables at the same time. This method can increase family food security, such as by utilizing fish ponds or limited land. West Krasak Village is a residential area located in the center of Yogyakarta city with limited land conditions. Therefore, the village community needs to receive training on implementing aquaponics in their environment to utilize limited land and increase family food security. This training involved a team of lecturers and students from Universitas AKPRIND Indonesia. This training lasted for 3 hours, starting with introductions of team members, delivery of material, practice of aquaponic installation in front of the participants, distribution of chili seeds to the participants, and installation of aquaponic samples directly in one of the residents' ponds. This activity received extraordinary enthusiasm from residents and was able to increase public knowledge about this matter. Chili seeds measuring 10 cm can also be planted directly by the community. It is hoped that this activity can become a model for the community around West Krasak Village so that aquaponics can become a positive side activity for residents that produces positive results of fish and vegetables.

Kitchen Gardening: A Dual Solution for Urban Heat Islands and Nutritional Security in India

Urbanization has led to significant environmental and societal challenges, including the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and nutritional insecurity. Kitchen gardening, also known as urban horticulture, emerges as a promising solution to these pressing issues. By cultivating food in urban settings, individuals and families contribute to a more sustainable and resilient ecosystem. The practice of kitchen gardening plays a pivotal role in managing the UHI effect. Vegetation in urban areas helps moderate temperature extremes, reducing the heat retained by concrete and asphalt. This cooling effect contributes to lower energy consumption for air conditioning, mitigating urban pollution and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the proximity of urban gardens to residential areas decreases the need for transportation of produce, further cutting down on pollution and energy usage associated with food distribution. From a nutritional standpoint, kitchen gardening ensures food security by providing a direct source of fresh, healthy produce. This practice aligns with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including zero hunger (SDG2), good health and well-being (SDG3), and responsible consumption and production (SDG12). Urban horticulture empowers individuals to take control of their food sources, promoting a balanced diet and reducing dependence on industrial-scale farming. Furthermore, it creates opportunities for community engagement and economic growth, supporting decent work and economic growth (SDG8) and sustainable cities and communities (SDG11). Kitchen gardening is a multifaceted approach that addresses both environmental and nutritional challenges. Its benefits extend beyond individual households, contributing to broader sustainability goals and fostering a more harmonious relationship between urban development and the environment.

Individual and family factors correlated with children's fruit consumption.

Fruits are essential for health, yet their consumption in children is inadequate, with unclear influencing factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students in grades 3-12 in Beijing, China, from September 2020 to June 2021. Fruit consumption in children was surveyed using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Additionally, children's food and nutrition literacy and family food environments were assessed using the "Food and Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese School-age Children" and the "Family Food Environment Questionnaire for Chinese School-age Children," respectively. Out of 10,000 participating children, 62.5% consumed fruit daily, with a lower frequency among boys (59.3%) compared to girls (65.8%), and among senior students (48.6%) compared to junior (63.6%) and primary students (71.2%). Fruit consumption was positively associated with other healthy foods (vegetables, whole grains, etc.) and negatively with unhealthy foods (sugared soft drinks). Children with higher food and nutrition literacy consumed fruits daily more frequently (82.4% vs. 59.9%, ORs = 2.438, 95%CI: 2.072-2.868). A significant positive correlation was found between children's fruit consumption and a healthy family food environment (66.4% vs. 50.2%, OR = 1.507, 95%CI: 1.363-1.667). The results indicate that individual food and nutrition literacy and family food environment are key positive predictors of children's fruit consumption. Future interventions should focus on educating children and encouraging parents to foster supportive family environments.

Mapping the potential of meal kits to influence parental food literacy: an application of behaviour change frameworks

Cooking at home and eating together provide opportunities to improve family nutrition and promote healthy dietary habits. Commercial meal kit subscription services (MKSSs) (e.g. HelloFresh™, Marley Spoon™, EveryPlate™) may support parents to overcome obstacles to family meal provisioning and facilitate food literacy development. A gap exists in our understanding of how and why meal kits may elicit behaviour change, and opportunities to increase their behaviour change capability. This study aimed to examine the theoretical potential of Australian MKSSs to promote parental food literacy using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW)(1) and associated Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)(1) and Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1)(2). A one-week subscription was purchased for all Australian-based MKSSs (n = 9) and key meal kit components (subscription and meal planning features, meal kit delivery and website content) were coded using the retrospective application of these behaviour change frameworks. Parental food literacy-related behaviours were informed by a Food Literacy framework(3). Identified BCTs were mapped to the TDF using the Theory and Techniques Tool to identify theoretical mechanisms of action. The key meal kit components identified mapped to eight of the nine BCW intervention functions. These components primarily served the functions of enablement and environmental restructuring to support cooking at home. Thirty-five of the 93 possible BCTs were identified across the nine MKSSs reviewed, ranging from 19 to 29 BCTs per company, and linked to 13 of the 14 TDF domains. The most frequently identified mechanisms of action (TDF) targeted changes in motivation (n = 27) and capability (n = 19) to influence parental food literacy. Australian-based MKSSs incorporate a wide range of BCTs that target mechanisms of action associated with food literacy-related behaviours. These findings provide a strong theoretical evidence-base for the potential of commercial MKSSs to enhance parental food literacy. However, the extent to which these services may influence behaviour change or impact family food intakes is currently unknown. Therefore further research is required to evaluate the healthfulness and effectiveness of MKSSs.

IJCM_36A: Community-based Explanatory Mixed method approach to Understand Perceptions regarding Complementary food items in Urban slums of Mumbai

Background: There is a paucity of research to explore the common age of initiation of each food group item and its perceptions. Objective: To assess the age of initiation of complementary food items, understand its perceptions and determine IYCF indicators. Methodology: An explanatory mixed-method study was conducted in the urban slums of Mumbai. A total of 93 Health care workers (HCWs) working in different areas and 24 mothers were interviewed with the pretested questionnaire. Later 5 and 6 FGDs with mothers and AWs respectively were done. The data was analyzed with the point of integration for the mixed- method approach Results: In 68.9% and 52.7% of the HCWs areas, commonly started cereals at 6 to 8 months are rice and ragi. Vitamin A-rich vegetables, green leafy vegetables, and other vegetables are usually started at 9 to 11 months (32.2%), after 12 months (32.9%), and after 19 months (35.4%) respectively. Banana is a common fruit initiated at 6 months onwards. Intake of chicken and egg are started at 9 months onwards in 31% and 42% of areas respectively. Pulses and beans consumption is initiated at 6 to 8 months and after 12 months in 42% and 33% of areas respectively. Cow’s milk is started in 78.9% of the areas. Milk products intake starts at 12 to 19 months onwards. Biscuits are started at 6 months (39.1%). The Minimum Meal Frequency, Minimum dietary diversity and Zero vegetable consumption are 56%, 28% and 22% respectively Mothers self-efficacy, Family members’ and neighbour’s influences, Child’s responses to feeding, and Family food habits are factors that decide food items at a particular age. Conclusion: Dietary diversity at 6 to 8 months is very poor. Mothers’ self-efficacy plays a key role in improving dietary diversity at an early age.

Consequences of illicit brews on health and family food security in Bungoma county, Kenya’s Bumula and Kanduyi sub-counties.

Consequences of illicit brews on health and family food security in Bungoma county, Kenya’s Bumula and Kanduyi sub-counties.

Abstract 02: Contributions of Social Determinants of Health to Premature Cardiovascular Mortality in the US General Population

Introduction: Quantifying the contributions of 8 social determinants of health (SDOH) to US population-level premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality will aid in developing and implementing strategies to reduce the burden of CVD mortality for diverse populations. Hypothesis: Levels of unfavorable SDOH are more common in Black and Hispanic adults in the US and contribute to a higher proportion of US population-level premature CVD mortality compared with White adults. Methods: We included 48170 participants aged 20-74 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018, linked to the National Death Index for cause-specific mortality follow-up through December 31, 2019. Premature CVD mortality was defined as death before age 75 with underlying ICD-10 codes for heart disease or stroke. SDOH included employment, family income-poverty ratio, food security, education, healthcare access, insurance status, home ownership, and marital status. We estimated average population attributable fractions to quantify the contribution of each SDOH to premature CVD mortality by self-reported race/ethnicity. Models controlled for age, sex, and survey year. Results: Combined SDOH accounted for >50% of US population-level premature CVD mortality among US adults (Figure). Among Black adults, SDOH accounted for 64.2% of premature CVD mortality, which was larger than that for Hispanic (58.4%) and White (55.0%) adults. Unemployment was generally the SDOH most strongly associated with premature CVD mortality, with PAFs (95% confidence intervals) ranging from 14.7% (7.3-22.0%) among White adults to 20.8% (7.7-33.9%) among Black adults. Low family income-poverty ratio contributed an additional 27.3% of premature CVD mortality in Black adults. Conclusion: SDOH account for >50% of premature CVD deaths in US adults but contributions differ by race/ethnicity. Interventions targeting SDOH may simultaneously reduce premature CVD mortality among all adults while addressing associated disparities.

Abstract P206: Family Food Study: Findings From a Mixed Methods Pilot Study Examining Diet Among Chinese American Families in New York City

Introduction: Asian American youth experience a disproportionately high burden of diet-related diseases including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Family support and co-participation are essential to maintaining a healthy diet during childhood/adolescence and may be particularly important for Asian American youth given the cultural emphasis on family. However, no studies, to our knowledge, have examined how the diets of Asian American youth correlate with those of their families. Objective: To determine the correlation in diets of Chinese American families and understand the mechanisms through which families influence youth's diets. Methods: We recruited 10 Chinese American families from New York City to participate in the Family Food study. Between June and July of 2023, we administered phone-based surveys to 1 parent and 2 children aged 10-17 years within each family. One child per family conducted a follow-up, phone-based interview on the social and environmental determinants of diet. Dietary intake was measured using the validated and culturally adapted 26-item Dietary Screener Questionnaire. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated from linear mixed models with age and sex as fixed effects, family as a random effect, and either 1) predicted fruit and vegetable intake or 2) frequency of intake of each food/beverage group as the outcome. Rapid qualitative analysis was used to identify key themes from the youth interviews. Results: On average, youth were 13 years old, 55% were male, and 15% were born in China. All parents were female and born in China, and 30% of households were SNAP recipients. Predicted mean intake of fruits and vegetables was 2.8 (SD: 0.9) cups/day, and correlation in intake among family members was slight (ICC=0.10). Correlations in frequency of intake of food/beverage groups among family members ranged from 0.01 to 0.46 (i.e., virtually no similarity to fair), with the strongest correlations for 100% fruit juice (0.46), milk (0.35), cheese (0.35), and fried potatoes (0.35). Our qualitative analysis indicated that convenience and time were the most common determinants of dietary choices, particularly among high schoolers. Most junk foods youth consumed were American, while dinner was generally Chinese cuisine prepared by their mother or grandmother. This echoed quantitative findings that families ate dinner together most days (6.3 days/week), that 90% of mothers were the main person responsible for food preparation, and that 40% of mothers did not like or know how to prepare American foods. Conclusions: Among Chinese American families, intake of dairy items, high-sugar, and high-fat items tended to be the most strongly correlated. Future research should aim to replicate this work in a larger sample size and to better understand how convenience, time, and family meals shape diet- and health-related decisions.

Gluten-free diet adherence in pediatric celiac patients: Evaluating CDAT questionnaire and test for gluten detection in urine.

This study aimed to evaluate the contributions of the Adapted Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT) and the Rapid Urinary Gluten Detection Test (u-GIP) in assessing gluten-free diet adherence in children and adolescents with celiac disease. Fifty-four celiac patients from two pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinics affiliated with university hospitals were evaluated. The original CDAT was adapted for children through a transcultural process, and the original cutoff point was adopted to define adherence. A single examiner carried out the u-GIP test in fresh urine samples. Sociodemographic and clinical factors and family food security status were also evaluated. A total of 88.9% of participants (confidence interval [CI]: 77.4-95.8; p<0.001) adhered to the gluten-free diet, as determined by the adapted CDAT score, while 87.0% (CI: 75.1-94.6; p<0.001) had negative u-GIP results. Among the 48 children adhering to the CDAT, six exhibited positive u-GIP results in a urine sample. Of the six nonadherent participants, only one had a positive u-GIP result. Notably, none of the children and adolescents with celiac disease who tested positive for u-GIP reported symptoms on the day of testing, and their growth rates remained stable. Even celiac children and adolescents adhering to the CDAT questionnaire may show a positive u-GIP in a single measurement without accompanying symptoms or growth impairment. The u-GIP could be helpful in complementary tests in specific situations, such as for patients who exhibit compliant behavior but still experience symptoms or maintain persistent positive serology.

Education on Garden Land Utilization in Efforts to Prevent Stunting in Padang City

The issue of stunting is a global problem that has become the focus of the government's efforts to address it. Based on observations of the nutritional status of toddlers at Posyandu Harapan Ibu, 6 out of 149 toddlers, ten are experiencing stunting, accounting for approximately 6.71% of the total number of toddlers. An initial survey conducted by the community engagement team among ten mothers with toddlers in the Posyandu Harapan Ibu 6 area revealed that most (80%) of these mothers lack knowledge regarding stunting, its prevention, management, and associated risks. The Mata Air area in Padang City, which is part of Posyandu Harapan Ibu 6, has a relatively high prevalence of stunting. However, the potential of family backyard spaces in this area has yet to be optimally utilized. This community engagement initiative aims to enhance the use of family backyard spaces as a source of nutrition for families to prevent stunting. The method employed involves educating local volunteers about the benefits of family backyard spaces as an alternative source of family food, followed by the distribution of plant seeds and planting media. The results of the outreach activities indicate that (1) participants respond to the outreach activities with enthusiasm and vigor, (2) Participants actively engage and proactively participate in the outreach process, and (3) Participants have initiated the implementation of recommendations by utilizing family backyard spaces as a source of food and nutrition for their families by planting the provided plant seeds. This community engagement effort represents a positive endeavor to prevent stunting in the Mata Air area.

The Role of Women in Managing Protein Food in Households of Stunting Case in Kulonprogo

Food is a basic need of human life, so any problems around food are very complex. One of the things that have changed is the awareness of protein consumption, both animal and vegetable sources. Lifestyle changes also contribute to changing people's consumption behavior at various social levels. In addition, the role of women in family food management, especially decision-making in purchasing, serving, and consuming food is also influential. Economic limitations are a problem in fulfilling nutrition or diverse food consumption habits, families with stunted toddlers tend not to like diverse foods, especially vegetables and foods derived from protein. Stunting is usually also found in families whose protein consumption is relatively low, either animal protein (meat, eggs, milk, etc.) or vegetable protein (tofu, tempeh, etc.). Kulonprogo is a district in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (Yogyakarta Special Region) that participates in efforts to prevent stunting. According to the 2019 Indonesian Toddler Nutrition Status Survey (ITNSS) data, the stunting rate in Yogyakarta Special Region was 21.0 percent and in 2021 it fell by 17.3 percent. Efforts need to be made to reduce this condition from year to year. This study seeks to approach the problem-solving of this condition. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of women in managing protein food in households with stunting cases. The study was approached with the behavior of women in purchasing animal and vegetable protein foods in Kulonprogo. The result of the research showed that together the factors of household’s income, women's income, women's age, women's education, number of household members, number of children under five in the family, and information dummy had a significant effect on protein consumption by 52.4% and 47.6% influenced by other factors outside the model. Partially, the most influential factors in protein consumption are household’s income and women's income.

A comprehensive view of the etiology of ChRAS, taking into account potential risk factors

Summary. Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (ChRAS) is currently one of the most common diseases affecting the oral mucosa, affecting 5 to 66 % of the population in different countries worldwide. The pathogenesis of ChRAS is unknown, and it is considered a multifactorial disease associated with local and systemic factors. Further research can be valuable for the prevention and treatment of ChRAS. The aim of the study – to analyze data from scientific literature sources regarding potential risk factors, mechanisms of pathogenesis, including the immune response of mucous membranes and mechanisms of its modification to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of ChRAS. Materials and Methods. The bibliosemantic method was applied to clarify the state of the problem, study the analysis of results of previous scientific research based on literature sources and electronic resources. Results and Discussion. Clinical characteristics of ChRAS are well-defined, but its etiology and pathogenesis remain unresolved. The comprehensive investigation of the occurrence and recurrence of the disease is crucial for understanding the fundamental pathogenetic links, which would be valuable for the prevention and treatment of ChRAS. Potential risk factors for ChRAS, such as a family history, psychological stress, hormonal changes, food allergies, nutritional deficiencies, vitamins and minerals deficiencies, gastrointestinal disorders, certain viral and bacterial infections, medication use, and mechanical trauma to the oral mucosa, are reported. Genetic predisposition and genetic risk factors altering individual susceptibility to ChRAS play a significant role. Various DNA polymorphisms, widespread throughout the human genome, especially those associated with changes in interleukin metabolism, are involved. The unbalanced composition of the oral microbiota may play a key role, although no specific causative agents have been conclusively proven. Food markers related to vitamin and micro- and macroelement deficiencies are also reported, and these are more common in patients with ChRAS. These findings preliminarily explain the main mechanisms through which the oral mucosa is a potential high-risk site for ChRAS, providing evidence for future prevention and treatment strategies. Conclusions. The results of the processed literature sources show that ChRAS is considered a multifactorial disease, but little is known about the mechanisms of pathogenesis and the possibilities of influencing its main links. Therefore, a comprehensive approach and the development and organization of complex rehabilitation plans are extremely important and decisive for assessing the condition of patients suffering from ChRAS.

The Relationship between Family Food Access and the Nutritional Status of Stunting Toddlers in Kupang Regency

Background: One part of improving the degree of health that is the responsibility of the government is through efforts to improve nutrition. Poor nutritional status is the impact of multisectoral problems, one of which is poor family food security. Adequate food security is needed as an effort to fulfill nutrition in order to improve nutritional status for the age group of toddlers and pregnant women. Seeing the high nutritional status of toddlers, especially in Kupang Regency, research will be conducted on the relationship between family food access and the nutritional status of stunted toddlers in Kupang Regency. Objective: Analyze the relationship between family food access and the nutritional status of stunted toddlers in Kupang Regency. Method: This study is an observational analytical study with a cross sectional approach and uses secondary data obtained from Yayasan Jaringan Peduli Masyarakat (JPM) Kupang. From this data, a total of 40 toddlers were obtained as research subjects spread across four research locations, namely Tesabela Village (n = 8), Lifuleo Village (n = 5), Sumlili Village (n = 10), and Bolok Village (n = 17). Anthropometric measurements are carried out by health workers and determine the type of nutritional status based on three measurement indices, namely Weight according to Age (BB / U), Height or Length according to Age (TB / U or PB / U), and Weight according to Height or Length (BB / TB or BB / PB). The study respondents were parents of toddlers of the study subjects. Data analysis was carried out non-parametric tests with Spearman's Rho correlation analysis to determine the relationship between family food access as a dependent variable and nutritional status in toddlers as an independent variable. Results: There was a significant relationship between family food access and nutritional status of stunted toddlers only in the measurement of the Weight According to Age index (p value = 0.016); in the other two indices there was no .......

MANAGEMENT NUTRITION FULFILLMENT OF NON CASH FOOD ASSISTANCE (BPNT)

Backround: The Non-Cash Food Assistance Program (BPNT) is a type of direct community assistance to provide basic necessities with the aim of allowing people to consume better food and nutrition.&#x0D; Objective: This study aims to management nutrition fullfillment of Non Cash Food Assitance (BPNT). &#x0D; Method: This research usesmix method. The population in this study were all households receiving the Gowa Regency Non-Cash Food Assistance Program (BPNT).&#x0D; Result: In this research, recipients of non-cash food assistance (BPNT) have utilized family food access assistance by &gt;50% or around 329 people, and there are still 21 people (4.64%) who have not maximized BPNT for family food access. 100% of recipients receive BPNT of &lt;Rp. 300,000/month and allocate &lt;Rp. 300,000 for purchasing food/food.&#x0D; Conclusion: Basically, the distribution of BPNT in Gowa Regency has an impact on improving welfare and fulfilling the economy as well as meeting basic needs, especially food.&#x0D;

Perceived social benefits and drawbacks of sea turtle conservation efforts in a globally important sea turtle rookery

Conservation interventions have wide-ranging social impacts - both positive and negative. Yet a limited understanding of how conservation initiatives affect people’s livelihoods often hinders our ability to learn from past efforts and design more effective and equitable conservation measures. This is particularly needed when there is a high degree of overlap between critical habitats and human activities or a high cultural and economic demand for products derived from the conservation target. Here, we explore the social impacts of sea turtle conservation initiatives implemented on São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea) as a case study and consider how these might enhance or hinder future efforts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key actors involved in the sea turtle trade in December 2014-February 2015 (prior to the implementation of key initiatives) and February-April 2022. Our findings suggest a clear reduction in the scale of the sea turtle trade and the number of main actors involved. However, most respondents previously involved in the trade had experienced economic displacement and several associated social impacts, such as the reduced ability to support family and friends and food insecurity, due to trade restrictions. Financial capital was the main barrier to transitioning to alternative livelihoods, followed by the lack of skills and peer pressure. Finally, this study highlights the importance of considering human dimensions during the planning and implementation phase of conservation actions and the need for more investment focused on the well-being of communities to ensure the long-term survival of endangered species.