Family Economic Status Research Articles

Childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese college students: The moderating roles of social phobia and perceived family economic status

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury is a heavy burden on affected college students with rippling effects throughout their lives. Childhood maltreatment is strongly associated with non-suicidal self-injury among college students. However, it remains unclear whether perceived family economic status and social phobia exert significant moderating effects on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury. ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the perceived family economic status and social phobia moderating the association between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury. Participants and settingThis study used data (N = 5297) from two local medical colleges in Anhui province, China. MethodsRespondents completed questionnaires on childhood maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, social phobia and perceived family economic status online. Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation followed by multiple moderation models. ResultsThe association between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury was moderated by social phobia (β = 0.03, p < 0.05) and perceived family economic status (β = −0.30, p < 0.05). When considered together, both factors were found to play synergistic roles in the association between childhood maltreatment and non-suicidal self-injury in college students (β = 0.08, p < 0.001). ConclusionOur findings highlight that experience of childhood maltreatment, elevated social phobia, and low perceived family economic status increase the risk of non-suicidal self-injury. Future researches are recommended to conduct interventions from a more holistic perspective and integrate perceived family economic status as a relevant factor along with social phobia in coping with non-suicidal self-injury in college students.

Malaria control knowledge and behaviors and their influencing factors among residents in Banlao Township, Cangyuan County, Yunnan Province

To investigate the awareness of malaria-related knowledge, the use of mosquito nets and their influencing factors among residents in Banlao Township, Cangyuan County, Yunnan Province. In August 2020, 19 settlement sites in Banlao Township, Cangyuan County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province were selected as study areas, and permanent residents at ages of 10 years and older were enrolled for a questionnaire survey, including residents' demographics, family economic status, malaria control knowledge and use of mosquito nets. In addition, the factors affecting the use of mosquito nets in the night prior to the survey were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 320 questionnaires were allocated, and all were recovered (a 100% recovery rate). There were 316 valid questionnaires, with an effective recovery rate of 98.75%. The 316 respondents included 152 men and 164 women and 250 Chinese respondents and 66 foreign respondents. The awareness of clinical syndromes of malaria was significantly higher among Chinese residents (71.60%) than among foreign residents (50.00%) (χ2 = 11.03, P < 0.01), and the proportions of Chinese and foreign residents sleeping under mosquito nets were 46.00% and 69.70% on the night prior to the survey, respectively (χ2 = 11.73, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified ethnicity group and type of residence as factors affecting the use of mosquito nets in the night prior to the survey. The awareness of malaria control knowledge, the coverage and the use of mosquito nets were low among residents in Banlao Township, Cangyuan County, Yunnan Province. Targeted health education is recommended to improve the awareness of malaria control knowledge and self-protection ability. In addition, improving the allocation of long-lasting mosquito nets and health education pertaining to their uses and increasing the proportion of using mosquito nets correctly is needed to prevent re-establishment of imported malaria.

Extending the Link Between Family Financial Stress and Bullying Victimization of Children: A Moderated Mediation Model

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the association between family financial stress and bullying victimization by incorporating peer and teacher – student relationships into a moderated mediation model. Based on a sample of 40,772 children from the International Survey of Children’s Well-Being, results posit that the link between family financial stress and bullying victimization is mediated by peer relationship, and this mediation is further moderated by teacher – student relationship. Specifically, the direct effect of family financial stress on bullying victimization decreases as the quality of teacher – student relationship increases. Moreover, the effect of peer relationship on bullying victimization is also moderated by teacher – student relationship, with the effect being weaker for children reporting high levels of teacher – student relationship. This study contributes to current understanding of the mediation and moderation through which family economic conditions are linked with bullying victimization. Implications for practice and directions for future research are also discussed.

Challenges of single parents raising children with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Single-parent families with children with disabilities need greater attention given the notable increase in their number and their additional difficulties. Single parents in East Asian countries, especially, may face greater risks than their peers elsewhere, given the region's unique cultural background. The study used a mixed methods design; we administered a risk assessment survey to 354 families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities and conducted in-depth interviews with eight single parents. Compared to two-parent families, single-parent families faced greater risks with respect to family relationships, economic status and legal rights. In the interviews, single parents reported a range of challenges, including sole parental responsibilities, poor physical and mental health, social isolation and alienation, the stress of juggling care and work, and difficulty accessing services. These findings offer implications for future policy and practices concerning single parents in South Korea.

Family Economic Status, Resilience, and Subjective Well-being Of Parents Whose Children Have Autism Spectrum Disorder

We examined the relationship between family economic status and subjective well-being in a sample of 126 parents whose children have autism spectrum disorder, and also assessed the mediating role of parents' resilience. Participants completed the Family Economic Status Questionnaire, the Resilience Questionnaire, and the Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire. The results showed that family economic status was significantly associated with parents' subjective well-being, and that resilience significantly mediated this relationship. These findings provide novel evidence of the psychological mechanism of how family economic status affects subjective well-being, and contribute to understanding of how family economic status is associated with subjective well-being among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Our findings indicate that developing interventions to improve resilience is a practical way to reduce the impact of family economic status on the subjective well-being of parents whose children have autism spectrum disorder.

Socioeconomic conditions of the family in supporting the distance learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic

The impact of Covid-19 does not only occur in the health sector, but also on other sectors such as social, economic, environmental and even geopolitical and including the education sector. Family socioeconomic conditions have an important role in distance learning process which is carried out during a pandemic so that this research aims toanalyze the family's economic condition of the distance learning process (PJJ) during the Covid-19 pandemic in Cibodas Jonggol Village, West Java. This type of research is quantitative research with a survey approach. The research sample from this study was a family that had family members who were still attending elementary school in Cibodas Village with a total sample of 82 respondents. The research instrument used is an interview with data analysis using descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the socioeconomic conditions of families in the Cibodas Jonggol Village area showed that there were still many who were at a very poor and poor level so that there was an inability to fulfill supporting facilities and infrastructure to carry out PJJ for families.

Assessment of missing opportunity of vaccination at primary health care center: A retrospective study

Objectives: The study aim is to assess the vaccination status of children under two years old in Al-Asatetha primary health care center / Hilla-Iraq.&#x0D; Method: Retrospective study design (Retrospective chart review) was used to assess the missed opportunities of vaccination for children under the age of two years by reviewing their immunization status from medical reports at the primary health care center. The purposive sampling was used to collect the data of 1000 children born from 1-1-2020 to 31-12-2020 through the period from 1 December 2021 to 1 February 2022.&#x0D; Results: the finding of the current study showed that the age of children in the selected period (2020-2021) was between11-23 months, the number of children (1-8) in the same family, and almost all of these families reside in urban areas. Regarding the parents’ educational level the high percentage of both fathers and mothers were attained a primary level of education, and most of the fathers were working, while most of the mothers were not work. Concerning the vaccination status the finding showed that the percentage of missed vaccination opportunities reached 61%, and there was a significant positive correlation between vaccination status and (family residence, parental education level, and fathers' occupation) with a P value of 0.01. On the other hand, the number and the order of children in families had an inversely significant relationship with vaccination status at a P value of 0.01.&#x0D; Conclusion: the study concludes that numerous factors affect the vaccination rate such as parents' education attainment and awareness, family size, address, and economic status of the family.

Effectiveness of TVET in Nepal

The technical and vocational education and training (TVET) program has been implemented in the country for a long time. Nevertheless, the actual impact it had made on the national economy is unknown. The main objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of the TVET program in Nepal. The study employed concurrent mixed methods which used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A retrospective post-then-pre design was used in this study. A total of 21 districts (3 districts from each province) were selected. A survey was conducted with 1,231 Diploma and Pre-Diploma (TSLC) graduates who studied in the institutions either affiliated to or constituent of the Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT). Similarly, 42 key informants’ interviews (2 from each district) were conducted with key stakeholders, such as school principals, instructors, and employers. Overall, out of the total graduates, only 8.8% were working before joining TVET, and the remaining 91% did not work, while the percentage of graduates employed during the time of survey was 58.2%. A remarkable difference in average income was found before and after graduation (NRs 1,815 vs NRs 15,656). The income difference was highest among the people who studied engineering (NRs 16,005) followed by health (NRs 14,908). The income of males was 1.6 times higher than that of females after graduation. Current income is higher among graduates from Lumbini Province (NRs 21,427), followed by Province-1 (NRs 20,396). The study revealed that overall, TVET has a positive impact on the society's economy through increased employment opportunities among youths. TVET has been effective in generating employment for many young people, ultimately contributing to elevate the family's economic status, thereby ensuring quality life.

A latent class analysis of hopelessness in relation to depression and trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic in China

BackgroundHopelessness is closely related to depression, trauma, and some organic diseases. Yet our understanding of the heterogeneity of hopelessness is limited. This study aimed to explore the heterogeneity of hopelessness, how it corresponds to the severity of depression, and the effect of traumatic experiences on it during COVID-19. MethodThe current study measures 28,360 Chinese college students (67.4 % of women) with the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Trauma Experience Questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The method of latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify different sub-groups of hopelessness with differences in emotion, motivation, and cognition. Logistic regression and analysis of variance were used to determine the characteristics of different sub-groups. ResultsThree latent classes were identified: Negative affective cognition class (C1, N = 5940, 20.9 %), Negative thought cognition class (C2, N = 1358, 4.8 %), and Low hopelessness class (C3, N = 21,062, 74.3 %). Gender, only child or not, birthplace, family economic status, and grade are predictors of the latent category of hopelessness. There are significant differences in depression among different latent classes, and C1 > C2 > C3 (p < 0.001). Traumatic experience is a risk factor for the hopeless latent classes (OR > 1, P < 0.001). LimitationsResearch findings may not be applied to other populations and rely on subjective reports. Ignore the effects of other protective and risk factors. Lack of longitudinal research, unable to explore causality. ConclusionsThe current study provides evidence for the heterogeneity of hopelessness and informs targeted interventions for mental health problems (hopelessness) in college students.

The relationship between physical activity and diabetes in middle-aged and elderly people.

To investigate the association between diabetes symptoms and physical activity (PA) levels among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Data for this study were obtained from 2018 Charles data. Z test, logistic regression analysis, and linear hierarchical regression analysis were performed in 5352 individuals aged ≥50 years with complete information. In terms of diabetes, 6.8% of the middle-aged and elderly people with diabetes were detected, and 93.2% of the middle-aged and elderly people without diabetes symptoms. The proportion of middle-aged and elderly people with high PA levels was 50.5%, and the proportion of middle-aged and elderly people with low PA was 49.5%. There was a significant positive correlation between low PA and diabetes (P < .05). After adjusting demographic characteristics (gender, registered permanent residence type, education level, age, widowhood) and health status characteristics (poor mood, asthma, hyperlipidemia, disability, memory disease, self-assessment of health status, hypertension, smoking, stroke, depression), there was still a statistical significance between PA level and diabetes (P < .05). The risk of diabetes of middle-aged and elderly people in China increases with age, while the risk of diabetes of middle-aged and elderly people with low level of PA is higher. The risk of diabetes is high among middle-aged and elderly people who are old, have poor self-evaluation health, suffer from hyperlipidemia, memory disease, and asthma. The middle-aged and old people should increase their PA levels to prevent and improve diabetes.

Penerapan Hukum terhadap Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Wilayah Hukum Polres Pelabuhan Belawan

The purpose of this article is to analyze the legal arrangements, the application of the law and the obstacles to the application of the law against the crime of narcotics abuse in the Legal Area of the Belawan Port Police, the actions taken against narcotics addicts or abusers as a form of legal protection that should be based on science. A policy based on emotion, rhetoric, and without scientific evidence tends to be misleading. The research method used is descriptive method, while the data analysis technique uses qualitative. The results of the study show that legal arrangements regarding narcotics crimes according to Law no. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics is stated in article 54, as also stated in the RI Supreme Court Circular (SEMA) No. 04 of 2010. The handling of suspected narcotics abuse in the police is guided by Police Regulation No. 8 of 2021 concerning Handling of Crimes Based on Restorative Justice. The application of law to the criminal act of narcotics abuse in the Legal Area of the Belawan Port Police through legal substance, legal structure and legal culture. There are obstacles to law enforcement against narcotics abuse in the Legal Area of the Belawan Port Police, namely police regulations limiting the requirements for implementing restorative justice, relatively weak family economic conditions, difficulty differentiating suspected abusers and traffickers.

Factors Influencing Chinese Adolescent Moral Behaviors

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the moral development of adolescents and the influence of peers on their moral behavior. Good peer relationships promote social development and acquisition of social skills; poor peer relationships may lead to maladaptive behavioral problems. moreover, other factors influenced the relationship between peers and adolescent moral behavior, including gender differences, peer closeness, and the influence of family economic status. Specifically, adolescents are more influenced by close friends than by friends in general; boys may be more involved in physical and verbal aggression and girls more involved in relational aggression; family socioeconomic status significantly affects adolescents' peer relationships, with more affluent families having more friends and peer relationships; while disadvantaged family socioeconomic backgrounds make adolescents more likely to experience peer rejection or be marginalized. Due to regional and cultural differences, adolescents in different environments and cultures may be influenced differently, which needs to be further explored in future research. This paper will help parents and schools to understand the psychological and behavioral characteristics of adolescents, and to assist and teach adolescents' education and healthy growth.

Family Environment and College Students’ Psychological Health During the Normalization of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Since the outbreak in 2019, COVID-19 has spread around the world, and the ongoing infection and isolation have had a different psychological impact on people. This paper focuses the study group on college students, aiming to investigate the relationship between family environment and college students’ psychological health under COVID-19. Based on relevant empirical studies since the epidemic, this study divides the family environment into subjective and objective environments. The subjective environment includes family economic status, family structure, and other objective factors; the subjective environment includes family function, parent-child relationship and parenting style. Finally, this paper provides specific suggestions for different groups such as the government, universities, and parents to improve the mental health of college students during the epidemic.

Influences and patterns of intimate partner violence among married Akha and Lahu women in northern Thailand

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a major global public health problem. Women are the principal victims of IPV, and some special populations have been particularly impacted. The Akha and Lahu women are vulnerable populations for IPV due to the modernization and changes of their culture and norms. This study aimed to understand premarriage factors related to IPV, including associated factors, influencers, patterns and impacts, in Akha and Lahu women in Thailand.MethodsA qualitative method was used to gather information among Akha and Lahu women who had experienced IPV in the previous year and were fluent in Thai. Women who had experienced IPV in the previous year and lived in the border area of Thailand and Myanmar were invited to provide information. A thematic analysis was used to extract information from the participants and develop findings.ResultsA total of fifty-two married women were recruited into the study: 46.2% were Akha and 53.8% were Lahu. Those married Akha and Lahu women younger than 39 years found their partner through social media, had conditions before getting married, had high self-confidence, and tended to marry people from different tribes. While those aged 40 years and over met their husbands in village activities, were highly compliant with the norms of their culture, and married men from the same tribe. Three factors were detected as associated factors of IPV: cultural differences between partners from different tribes, substance use, and personality. Differences in age between partners, living in poor family economic status, and poor education were also detected as influencers of IPV. Four patterns of IPV were observed among Akha and Lahu married women: neglect, emotional abuse, verbal abuse, and physical abuse. Several patterns of the impacts were presented: children were neglected, especially in the preparation of daily food, having stress, having poor family relationships, and having children with unsuccessful lives in terms of education and getting a good job. Almost all married Akha and Lahu women had no particular expectations in their lives.ConclusionAkha and Lahu women face IPV problems with several key influences and impacts. Effective implementations are required to monitor and reduce the problem in the Akha and Lahu families, especially where the women are younger than 40 years old and married to men from different tribes.

PERKEMBANGAN KOGNITIF TOKOH EMMANUEL DALAM KINDERROMAN DIE GESCHICHTEN VON DER GESCHICHTE VOM PINGUIN KARYA CHRISTINE NÖSTLINGER

This study aims to examine the level of cognitive development and elaborate the factors that influence the level of cognitive development of the figure of Emanuel in the romance Die Geschichten von der Geschichte vom Pinguin by Christine Nöstlinger using Vygotsky's theory of the level of cognitive development. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research that uses a literary psychology approach. Meanwhile, the instrument in this study is the researcher himself (human instruman). Data collection techniques are carried out by the literature study method and the validity of the data is carried out by validity tests and reliability tests. The results showed that there were two stages of cognitive development experienced by Emanuel's character in Kinderroman Die Geschichten von der Geschichte vom Pinguin, namely the actual developmental stage and the potential developmental stage. The actual stage of development is shown by the way Emanuel's character solves his problems independently, namely being able to deal with penguins independently and find solutions to each problem he faces. The potential stage of development is shown in the way Emanuel's character solves problems with the guidance of adults, namely the characters Emma and Malwine. Meanwhile, the factors that influence the level of cognitive development of Emanuel's character found in the romance Die Geschichten von der Geschichte vom Pinguin are family atmosphere factors, family economic conditions factors and social environment factors.

The Influence of Individual Characteristics, Internal and External Factors of Postpartum Mothers with Baby Blues Syndrome in Rural and Urban Areas in Kupang City

Baby Blues Syndrome (BBS) is a psychological disorder in postpartum mothers. This can interfere with milk production. The mother cannot provide adequate breast milk to the baby and cannot take care of the baby properly. This study was conducted in two health center in rural and two in urban. This was a comparative descriptive design using with cross sectional approach. The number of respondents was 119 postpartum mothers taken by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The percentage incidence of BBS was 75.6%. From the results of Chi-Squre test, the factors that significantly influence the incidence of BBS include education (p=0,023), type delivery (p=0,025), family economic status (p=0,005), and social support (p=0,039). From the different Mann Whitney Test, it was found that there were differences in factors between rural and urban areas, including education (Sig.2 Tailed=0,029), occupation (Sig. 2 Tailed=0,001), nutritional status (Sig. 2 Tailed=0,001), parity (Sig. 2 Tailed=0,010), type delivery (Sig.2 Tailed=0,000), and family economic status (Sig.2 Tailed=0,000). Mothers with low family economic status and education in rural areas need capacity building through training (cooking and sewing) and education (counseling). Class activities for pregnant women by involving partners or families to increase social support, as well as counseling about the consequences of pregnancy out of wedlock and mental health for pregnant women to promote better physical, mental and social health.

PENGARUH KONDISI EKONOMI KELUARGA TERHADAP TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN ANAK DI DESA SIHABORGOAN BARUMUN

This study aims to find out whether there is a significant influence between family economic conditions on children's education levels. For this reason, this study includes two variables, namely family economic conditions as variable X and the level of education of children variable Y. This research was conducted at Sihaborgoan Barumun Jl. Binanga, Barumun Tengah District, Padang Lawas Regency. The population in this study is the entire sihaborgoan Barumun village community, and the sampling method used in this study is incidental sampling or coincidentally, the sample taken in this study is as many as 30 people. In analyzing the data, guttman scale method questionnaires were used for family economic conditions (variable X) and variable child education level (Y). Then the results are analyzed with inferential analysis. From the results of the analysis obtained the average value of family economic conditions is 84.5 in the category of "Excellent", the average value of the child's education level is 82.33 in the category of "Excellent". Based on the t test conducted on table 16 shows that the calculated value is 5,800 with a confidence level of 95% or an error rate of 5% thus 5,800&gt;1,699 then H0 rejected Ha accepted. Based on these results it can be concluded that the hypothesis is acceptable. This means that there is a significant influence between the Economic Condition of the Family on the Level of Children's Education in Sihaborgoan Barumun Village.

Edukasi Manajemen Stres pada Remaja di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Background of study: The Covid-19 pandemic has had a psychological impact on students, especially teenagers. The limited learning activities, the opportunity to meet friends and the limited means of supporting distance learning infrastructure bring their own burdens for students. This is often causes complaints such as anxiety, boredom, wanting to meet friends, worrying about the family's economic condition. Those are some indicators that there has been a stressful condition for students.This usually occurs in teenager students aged 13-14 years, who are still unstable emotionally and not enough yet to facing a problem.The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge of teenager students about stress management through education.Methods: This research was an experimental type with a one shot case study design and the subject of 30 students.Results: The results showed that the average knowledge of students was 76.3. Hypothesis testing with an independent t-test of one sample showed a significance value of p = 0.026 at p = 0.05, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted, it means that the lowest level of student knowledge was 73 (with value = 73).Conclusion: This indicates that education is an important point that needs to be considered, with a good understanding of how to manage stress. It is hoped that the level of stress experienced by students during the Covid-19 pandemic can be reduced.Keywords: Level of knowledge; Education; Stress Management

Current status and influencing factors of care burden of pancreatic cancer caregivers under COVID-19.

To explore the level of care burden and its influencing factors of caregivers of pancreatic cancer patients during hospitalization under the background of COVID-19. From September 2021 to December 2021, in Jiangsu Province Hospital, the convenience sampling method was used to investigate the care burden level of family caregivers of pancreatic cancer patients, and univariate and multivariate analysis methods were used to analyze the influencing factors. The survey tools included the General Information Questionnaire, the Family Caregiver Care Burden Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Benefit Discovery Rating Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. A total of 100 subjects were included in this study, of which 45% were male and 55% were older than 50 years. In the Context of COVID-19, the care burden of caregivers of pancreatic cancer patients was at a mild level, and the main influencing factors were family economic status (p < 0.001), anxiety and depression level (p < 0.001) and self-efficacy (p < 0.001). Medical staff should pay attention to the caregivers of pancreatic cancer with a heavy family burden, and pay attention to their anxiety and depression, and take corresponding measures to improve the self-efficacy of the caregivers, so as to reduce the care burden.

Postpartum mothers' perceptions of factors that influence postpartum traumatic stress disorder in Cross River State, Nigeria

Background/Aims During pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, a woman's risk of developing a mental disorder increases. These disorders can include postpartum traumatic stress disorder, maternal postpartum depression and maternal psychotic disorder. This study's aim was to explore postpartum mothers' perceptions of the factors that prevent or contribute to postpartum traumatic stress disorder at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Cross River State. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive survey approach was used with a sample of 138 women chosen at random from the study area. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data on the participants' agreement with statements regarding the influence of social support, economic status and professional support on preventing postpartum traumatic stress disorder. Responses on a Likert scale (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree) to statements on each of the factors were converted to means, with a mean score ≥2.5 indicating a factor that had a positive influence on preventing postpartum traumatic stress disorder. Results Social support (mean score: 3.64), having a high economic status (mean score: 3.71) and receiving professional support (mean score: 3.83) were perceived to have a positive impact on preventing postpartum traumatic stress disorder. There was a significant link between the influencing factors and the impact on postpartum traumatic stress disorder. Conclusions A traumatic birthing experience can have a negative impact on postpartum traumatic stress disorder, which can be mitigated by support from friends and professionals, as well as by a family's economic status. Future research should explore this issue at other health facilities across Nigeria to ascertain the factors associated with postpartum traumatic stress disorder.