Family Decision Research Articles

Factors Influencing Participation of Female Pineapple Workers in Family Income and Decision Making aspect in Moulvibazar District, Bangladesh

Aims: In today's competitive world, the participation of women in the earning sectors is very common and crucial. But there are several reasons that positively or negatively influence female participation in household income and decision-making. This present study aimed to highlight the determinants which are responsible for the economic contribution and decision-making of female pineapple workers at the household level in some selected areas of the Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh.
 Study Design: This article is about examining the factors which affect female workers contribution to household income and decision-making. It is based on empirical analysis and estimates the components that influence the income and decision-making of female pineapple workers at the household level.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Sreemangal Upazila of Moulvibazar district of Bangladesh, including four villages, as the female participation in pineapple cultivation is relatively higher than in other districts of Bangladesh. The research was taking place from June to September 2020 which is the production period of pineapple.
 Methodology: The relevant data were collected from 180 respondents through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. The simple random sampling technique was used to choose the sampled respondents. The demographic profile of the female pineapple workers was estimated by using descriptive analysis. To assess the factors influencing female workers contribution to family income and household decision-making, the logistic regression (Logit) model was used. In case to determine the severity that a pineapple female worker faced in their working place, the Constraints Facing Index (CFI) was applied.
 Results: From descriptive analysis, the study revealed that 73.0% of the respondents belong to an active working group and the average family size was 6.25. The study's outcome also showed that 54.5% had no formal education, and almost 56.0% of sample respondents incorporated 6 to 10 family members. 52.3% of respondents have 11-30 years of working experience in the pineapple field. From the Logit model, it is shown that the key determinants of contribution to family income and decision-making in the study area were age, education, occupational experience, indebtedness, and savings of the respondents which had a positive value of 1.041, 1.043, 1.095, 1.000 and 0.499, respectively. Instead of having several problems, low wage rate, physical injury, long working hours, lack of working facilities, and lack of training facilities were major among all the respondents.
 Conclusion: Lastly, from the respondents viewpoint, it has been summarized that increasing the wage rate, reducing working hours, supply of safety equipment, provide medical and training facilities improve not only their economic position but also ensure a healthy life and fair contribution in household income and decision making purpose.

Barriers to hydroxyurea use from the perspectives of providers, individuals with sickle cell disease, and families: Report from a U.S. regional collaborative.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that affects about 100,000 people in the U.S., primarily Blacks/African-Americans. A multitude of complications negatively impacts quality of life. Hydroxyurea has been FDA approved since 1998 as a disease-modifying therapy for SCD, but is underutilized. Negative and uninformed perceptions of hydroxyurea and barriers to its use hinder adherence and promotion of the medication. As the largest real-world study to date that assessed hydroxyurea use for children and adults with SCD, we gathered and analyzed perspectives of providers, individuals with SCD, and families. Participants provided information about socio-demographics, hospital and emergency admissions for pain, number of severe pain episodes interfering with daily activities, medication adherence, and barriers to hydroxyurea. Providers reported on indications for hydroxyurea, reasons not prescribed, and current laboratory values. We found that hydroxyurea use was reported in over half of eligible patients from this large geographic region in the U.S., representing a range of sickle cell specialty clinical settings and practices. Provider and patient/caregiver reports about hydroxyurea use were consistent with one another; adults 26 years and older were least likely to be on hydroxyurea; and the likelihood of being on hydroxyurea decreased with one or more barriers. Using the intentional and unintentional medication nonadherence framework, we found that, even for patients on hydroxyurea, challenges to taking the medicine at the right time and forgetting were crucial unintentional barriers to adherence. Intentional barriers such as worry about side effects and “tried and it did not work” were important barriers for young adults and adults. For providers, diagnoses other than HgbSS or HgbS-β0 thalassemia were associated with lower odds of prescribing, consistent with evidence-based guidelines. Our results support strengthening provider understanding and confidence in implementing existing SCD guidelines, and the importance of shared decision making. Our findings can assist providers in understanding choices and decisions of families; guide individualized clinical discussions regarding hydroxyurea therapy; and help with developing tailored interventions to address barriers. Addressing barriers to hydroxyurea use can inform strategies to minimize similar barriers in the use of emerging and combination therapies for SCD.

The main decision-making competence for willingness-to-pay towards COVID-19 vaccination: a family-based study in Taizhou, China

Purpose This research aimed to explore individuals’ willingness to pay (WTP) and studied the role of family decision makers in WTP for COVID-19 vaccines. Methods A self-administered online questionnaire evaluating the willingness of community residents to pay for booster vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine was conducted among families in a community in Taizhou, China. The logistic regression model was performed to identify the factors associated with WTP for the COVID-19 vaccines, and all data were analysed by R software, version 4.1.0. Results 44.2% and 43.7% of 824 community residents were willing to pay for the first two doses and the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, respectively. Decision-makers were more willing to pay for both the first two doses and the boost dose of the COVID-19 vaccines, with OR (95%CI) being 1.75 (1.25–2.47) and 1.89 (1.34–2.67), respectively. Besides, participants’ WTP for COVID-19 vaccines were also associated with their occupation and monthly household income. Conclusion This study found that family decision-makers were more willing to pay for both the first two doses and the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines in Taizhou, China. To improve the WTP for COVID-19 vaccines, public policy programs need to conduct a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis and focus on the role of family decision makers in vaccination. Key Messages A study evaluating the willingness of community residents to pay for booster vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine was conducted among families in a community in Taizhou, China. Family decision-makers were more willing to pay for both the first two doses and the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. To improve the WTP for COVID-19 vaccines, public policy programs need to conduct a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis and focus on the role of family decision-makers in vaccination.

Healthcare providers’ experiences of comprehensive emergency obstetric care in Somaliland: An explorative study with focus on cesarean deliveries

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the experiences of healthcare providers (HCPs) regarding the provision of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) with a focus on cesarean deliveries in a referral hospital and maternal and child health centers in Somaliland. MethodsAn exploratory qualitative approach using focus group discussions was employed at the main referral and teaching hospital and four maternal and child health centers in Hargeisa, Somaliland. Twenty-eight HCPs were divided into groups of 6–8 for discussions lasting 1 to 2 h. All HCPs included in the study had experiences with the provision of EmOC. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsCollective family decision making was identified by HCPs as a barrier to the provision of EmOC. This tradition of decision making at a group level was perceived as time-consuming and delayed HCPs from obtaining informed consent for EmOC. Low socioeconomic status and poor knowledge about maternal healthcare among users affected care seeking among women. Suboptimal EmOC at the hospital was reported to be due to miscommunication, inadequate interprofessional collaboration and lack of infrastructure. ConclusionsHCPs encountered difficulties with the provision of EmOC. A broad array of strategies targeting the community and healthcare system is needed, including training of HCPs on intracultural communication competence, interprofessional collaboration and use of alternative birth methods other than CS. Antenatal care can be used to prepare families for potential obstetric emergencies and as an opportunity to obtain written informed consent.

Prevalence and barriers to male involvement in antenatal care in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A facility-based mixed-methods study.

BackgroundMen have traditionally not been fully involved in reproductive health care of their partners, and yet, they play a crucial role in family decision-making and therefore crucial key players in preventing poor pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to assess prevalence and determinants of male participation in maternal health care and explore male partners’ perspective of their involvement in antenatal care at an urban tertiary referral facility.MethodsA mixed-methods study was conducted from October 2018 to January 2019 at Muhimbili National Hospital. A cross-sectional survey of 428 nursing mothers and two focus group discussions of male partners (n = 7 and n = 11) of women attending antenatal clinic and nursing mothers in the post-natal ward were performed. Using SPSS Ver. 23 (IBM, Chicago, IL), frequency distribution tables summarized demographic data and categories of male partners’ involvement in antenatal care. Focus group discussions included male partners of age from 24 to 55 years at their first to fifth experience of pregnancy and childbirth. Interviews were audio-recorded, and then transcribed and coded. Thematic analysis was applied.ResultsThe prevalence of male involvement in antenatal care was 69%. More than two-thirds of nursing mothers received physical, psychological and financial support from partners (76%) and attended four or more antenatal visits (85%). Five themes of male perspective of their involvement in antenatal care were generated, including: a) cultural norms and gender roles, b) ignorance of reproductive health service, c) factors outside their control, d) couple interaction and conflicts, and e) institutional obstacles.ConclusionThe prevalence of male partners’ involvement in antenatal care was relatively high. Men’s involvement in antenatal care depended on access to antenatal care education, standards of structure and process of antenatal service and how well their role was defined in the maternal health care system. Interactions and practice in society, employment sector and government health system should complement strategies to promote men’s involvement in maternal health.

Confucian Familism and Shared Decision Making in End-of-Life Care for Patients with Advanced Cancers.

Shared decision-making (SDM) has been institutionally recognized as clinically effective by many Western healthcare systems. Nevertheless, it appears culturally unattractive in China, a country that adheres to Confucian familism which strongly prefers collective family decisions. This study examined this conflict and assessed the influence of Confucian familism on SDM in end-of-life (EOL) care for advanced cancer patients. Between August and November 2018, 188 EOL advanced-cancer patients were randomly recruited from 640 cancer hospital medical records at a Tertiary A-level hospital in Shandong province. Eventually, 164 (87.23%) sample patients were included in the statistical analysis after the non-responsive cases (4.79%) and missing value (7.98%) were removed. SDM was measured through SDM-Q-9, and the patient’s siblings were used as indicators of Confucian Familism. Of the 164 patients, the mean SDM score was 38/100; 47.6% were thoroughly unfamiliar with their treatment plans and fell outside the decision-making procedure. Each patient had four siblings on average. Ceteris paribus, more siblings led to lower SDM. Moreover, being 56–65 years old and open-minded were associated with higher SDM, while higher satisfaction of the quality of EOL care yielded lower SDM. In conclusion, Confucian familism weakened patient–clinician SDM in EOL care for advanced cancer patients.

Does familial decision control affect the entrepreneurial orientation of family firms? The moderating role of family relationships

Drawing on the theory of socioemotional wealth (SEW), we propose that family relationships have implications for entrepreneurial orientation (EO) through enhancing energy and reducing stress, and that this is especially important when family decision-making is not inclined towards EO. Survey data from 528 family firms, collected from across China, generally supports our model, which in turn explains the heterogeneity behind family firms’ priorities and routines. The results indicated that family decision control negatively affects a firm’s EO, while family cohesion and adaptability play a negative moderating role in this relationship. Our findings help explain how family provides a powerful source of motivation that can boost EO in the family business, offering meaningful implications for research on entrepreneurship.

Advance Planning for Technology Use in Dementia Care: Development, Design, and Feasibility of a Novel Self-administered Decision-Making Tool.

BackgroundMonitoring technologies are used to collect a range of information, such as one’s location out of the home or movement within the home, and transmit that information to caregivers to support aging in place. Their surveilling nature, however, poses ethical dilemmas and can be experienced as intrusive to people living with Alzheimer disease (AD) and AD-related dementias. These challenges are compounded when older adults are not engaged in decision-making about how they are monitored. Dissemination of these technologies is outpacing our understanding of how to communicate their functions, risks, and benefits to families and older adults. To date, there are no tools to help families understand the functions of monitoring technologies or guide them in balancing their perceived need for ongoing surveillance and the older adult’s dignity and wishes.ObjectiveWe designed, developed, and piloted a communication and education tool in the form of a web application called Let’s Talk Tech to support family decision-making about diverse technologies used in dementia home care. The knowledge base about how to design online interventions for people living with mild dementia is still in development, and dyadic interventions used in dementia care remain rare. We describe the intervention’s motivation and development process, and the feasibility of using this self-administered web application intervention in a pilot sample of people living with mild AD and their family care partners.MethodsWe surveyed 29 mild AD dementia care dyads living together before and after they completed the web application intervention and interviewed each dyad about their experiences with it. We report postintervention measures of feasibility (recruitment, enrollment, and retention) and acceptability (satisfaction, quality, and usability). Descriptive statistics were calculated for survey items, and thematic analysis was used with interview transcripts to illuminate participants’ experiences and recommendations to improve the intervention.ResultsThe study enrolled 33 people living with AD and their care partners, and 29 (88%) dyads completed the study (all but one were spousal dyads). Participants were asked to complete 4 technology modules, and all completed them. The majority of participants rated the tool as having the right length (>90%), having the right amount of information (>84%), being very clearly worded (>74%), and presenting information in a balanced way (>90%). Most felt the tool was easy to use and helpful, and would likely recommend it to others.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that our intervention to educate and facilitate conversation and documentation of preferences is preliminarily feasible and acceptable to mild AD care dyads. Effectively involving older adults in these decisions and informing care partners of their preferences could enable families to avoid conflicts or risks associated with uninformed or disempowered use and to personalize use so both members of the dyad can experience benefits.

Parental Perception of Alpha Kids’ Influence in General Buying Decisions During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India

This paper aims (i) to identify the parental perception of alpha kids’ influence on general buying decisions, and (ii) to examine the impact of alpha kids’ demographics (age, gender, and sibling) on the influence exerted by them in general buying decisions in families in India during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study is based on a cross-sectional survey approach. Primary data for the study was obtained in February 2021 through a structured questionnaire generated on Google Forms from a sample of mothers of 400 alpha children (aged 8-11 years) from rural and urban areas of Delhi (India). Notable findings that emerged from this study revealed that Indian parents perceive their alpha kids to exert significant influence in general buying decisions and this influence is moderated to some extent by the age, gender, and birth order of the children. The results of this study extend interesting theoretical and practical implications for marketers and practitioners to have a better understanding of family consumption behavior in India. Marketers must take note of these observations while designing and implementing marketing mix strategies in respect of various goods and services meant for children/family consumption in India to sustain the impact of the Covid -19 pandemic.

Young women’s contradictory expectations and their perceived capabilities for future work-family reconciliation in Finland

ABSTRACT This paper explores young women’s expectations on future work-family reconciliation in Finland, a Nordic country well-known for the promotion of gender equality. Utilising Sen’s capabilities approach, we content-analysed thirty individual interviews to identify differences in women’s expectations and their perceived capabilities in future work and care. The results showed that irrespective of their labour market status and educational attainment, the women’s expectations were contradictory, reflecting a current Finnish gender culture that embraces both the ideal of shared parenthood and the primacy of maternal care. Between-group differences were also found. The employed women perceived themselves as having the capability to balance work, family and, personal time in the future. The women who were studying and had higher education- and career-related expectations perceived themselves as capable of combating gender inequality in their future working lives. In contrast, the unemployed women perceived their capabilities in both their future work and care as limited, thereby constraining their agency to realise their choices in work-family reconciliation and family decision-making. These findings indicate that Finnish women’s expectations on future work-family reconciliation are shaped by institutional, societal and individual socioeconomic factors.

Health-related quality-of-life and health-utility reporting in critical care.

Mortality is a well-established patient-important outcome in critical care studies. In contrast, morbidity is less uniformly reported (given the myriad of critical care illnesses and complications of each) but may have a common end-impact on a patient’s functional capacity and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL). Survival with a poor quality-of-life may not be acceptable depending on individual patient values and preferences. Hence, as mortality decreases within critical care, it becomes increasingly important to measure intensive care unit (ICU) survivor HRQoL. HRQoL measurements with a preference-based scoring algorithm can be converted into health utilities on a scale anchored at 0 (representing death) and 1 (representing full health). They can be combined with survival to calculate quality-adjusted life-years (QALY), which are one of the most widely used methods of combining morbidity and mortality into a composite outcome. Although QALYs have been use for health-technology assessment decision-making, an emerging and novel role would be to inform clinical decision-making for patients, families and healthcare providers about what expected HRQoL may be during and after ICU care. Critical care randomized control trials (RCTs) have not routinely measured or reported HRQoL (until more recently), likely due to incapacity of some patients to participate in patient-reported outcome measures. Further differences in HRQoL measurement tools can lead to non-comparable values. To this end, we propose the validation of a gold-standard HRQoL tool in critical care, specifically the EQ-5D-5L. Both combined health-utility and mortality (disaggregated) and QALYs (aggregated) can be reported, with disaggregation allowing for determination of which components are the main drivers of the QALY outcome. Increased use of HRQoL, health-utility, and QALYs in critical care RCTs has the potential to: (1) Increase the likelihood of finding important effects if they exist; (2) improve research efficiency; and (3) help inform optimal management of critically ill patients allowing for decision-making about their HRQoL, in additional to traditional health-technology assessments.

“One or Two?”: Fertility Decisions After the One-child Policy in China

The one-child policy, as a government-guided family planning and birth control policy, lasted for nearly thirty years beginning in the 1970s. As the decreasing fertility rate in modern Chinese society caused many problems, such as a demographic imbalance, the government decided to establish the universal two-child policy in urban areas in 2015. However, the fertility rate did not rise as much as the government expected. To study the reasons for the continuously low fertility rate, I conducted 20 semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 young married heterosexual couples in the city of Jinan, Shandong province, China. Throughout this paper, I focus on the role of kinship and the socioeconomic barriers to having a second child in urban Chinese families after the establishment of the two-child policy. The main reasons explaining the unexpected low fertility rate after the universal two-child policy in urban areas are first, increasing cost of investing in children, and second, the lack of interaction with cousins. This research outlines demographic policy and how fertility ideology and family decisions changed through policy changes.

Determinants of later-life transnational migration: will Chinese parents join their adult children in Australia?

ABSTRACT With the number of working-age migrants to Australia, their ageing parents may intend to move to Australia to join their adult children. The paper examines the determinants of later-life transnational migration for Chinese parents to live with their adult children who have already migrated to Australia. The later-life transnational migration decision is an interplay between the characteristics of Chinese parents and their adult children, and the nature of Australia’s migration system. This paper is the first to investigate the transnational migration decisions of Chinese parents by examining how their adult children in Australia perceived a family reunion and intergenerational trade-off in Australia as a collective family decision. This exploratory study used a multinominal logit model to identify the factors of later-life transnational migration decisions with a sample of adult children living in Sydney, Australia. The results show that the adult children’s perception of living with their parents in Australia and the mediating role of the mother, not the father, significantly affects the Chinese parents’ transnational migration. The intergenerational transfer of wealth and household support is also crucial.

Communication surrounding initiation and withdrawal of non-invasive ventilation in adults with motor neurone disease.

Motor neurone disease causes respiratory weakness that can lead to death. While non-invasive ventilation relieves symptoms, there are complex issues to consider prior to commencement. To identify what is known and understood about the clinician communication of non-invasive ventilation by people with motor neurone disease. The Joanna Briggs Institute approach to systematic reviews was followed for literature retrieval and selection. Research literature published between 1990-2019 in English from the Medline, CINAHL, ProQuest Research Library and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews databases were used. A total of two themes emerged: communication challenges doctors face when discussing non-invasive ventilation withdrawal, and the importance of well-timed, effective communication by clinicians-specifically the influence clinicians have on family decision-making. Guidance on communications around palliative care, non-invasive ventilation introduction and withdrawal exist, however implementation is often not straightforward. Research into the communication surrounding non-invasive ventilation from those living with motor neuron disease, their families and clinicians is required to inform guideline implementation and practice.

Comparison between Working And Non-Working Women in Household Activities in Decision-Making Patterns

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to find out the women’s participation in household activities. It compares the decision-making patterns among working and non-working women and evaluates the challenges and hurdles faced by them in household economic activities. Design/Methodology/Approach: We have used a purposive random sampling strategy. A total of 70 respondents from the Rawalakot AJK were purposefully chosen, including 35 working women and 35 unemployed women. The flexibility of the questions was maintained; if the respondent could not provide an accurate response, the question was rephrased. Based on the interview schedule and observation, responses were recorded. Results were presented as percentages and numbers after the data were tabulated. The schedule was split into three sections: The first section was to examine the respondents' personal histories. The second step was to understand how respondents made decisions regarding activities at home. The third section covered the challenges that both working and unemployed women faced. Findings: The results revealed that the working and non-working women differentiate from each other by different variables. The result shows that non-working women are dependent on social rituals and family decisions. On the other side, working women are comparatively stronger than non-working women in taking their own decisions facing society. Implications/Originality/Value The conclusion is working women are stronger as compared to non-working or unemployed women. It shows that non-working women need more attention. She needs more opportunities to take decisions in daily household activities. The Family members must be supportive of household activities for the working women which may reduce the stress in their lives to some extent.

The Basis For The Judge’s Consideration Of Acquitting The Perpetrators Of Corruption Crime

The decision to release is known as the "vrijspraak" decision in the Continental European family of law. In general, the defendant is released after being found illegally and convincingly guilty of the crime charged by the prosecutor/public prosecutor in the indictment. We can see the acquittal in case Number: 2/Pid/Sus-TPK/2019/PN.Tjk. This study aims to determine the basis of the judge's legal considerations in imposing an acquittal and how the perpetrators of corruption are held accountable. This study uses a qualitative method: data collection techniques by using library research and field studies, which are enriched by interview data sources. Based on the research results, the actions of Defendant Idhamsyah did not meet the elements stated in the Subsidiary indictment by the Public Prosecutor, so the defendant was not legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing a criminal act of corruption. Defendant as PPK did not meet the criteria for the element of "everyone" as stated by the Public Prosecutor, so the element of "everyone" was not fulfilled in the defendant's actions, according to the Panel of Judges. The judge advises dealing with corruption cases to be fair rather than harsh. Judges must consider all aspects of a juridical, philosophical, and sociological nature when deciding a case so that the court's decision falls under the decision of substantive justice.

Digital Transformation-Effect of Social Media on Digital Buying Behaviour of Teenagers

Internet and social media have become an integral, inseparable and definite part of our lives and thus it plays an important role in purchase decision of varied kinds of products online where teens are considered to play a crucial changing factor. This study attempt to reveal the various factors of Internet and social media that influences the purchase decision among teens of Patna and Ranchi considering online peer communication, social networking groups, Brand/company pages online and several other factors. In-depth literature reviews reveals the growth of social media and internet as a key to teenager socialization and teen profiling remains a challenge along with several other factors e.g.; Brand interaction through social media page, online social groups of brand influencers along with cultural effect on teen socialization. Hypothesis testing is done using ANOVA suggests a significant trend in involvement of demographic/environmental factors as a key influencer in purchase decision making style of the teenagers. Socialization process is analyzed among 330 respondents .The result shows a positive influence of antecedent variables like age, social media and peer involvement in purchase decision making and product involvement in family decision making. The study is significantly important for companies who are attempting to make a mark in minds of the teenagers who are not only a potential future consumer but is also a lucrative present costumer. This study will be useful for business operating online, researchers and for all those business that are connected with E-commerce.

Males and Females' Roles in Jordanian Family: An Explanatory Study

This article aims at investigating the roles associated with males and females in Jordanian family. The survey was conducted on (3000) randomly selected households in collaboration with the Department of Statistics. Ten focus groups were chosen to represent the different social strata (urban, rural, and badia) and distributed to the Kingdom's three regions. In addition, twenty intensive interviews with public opinion leaders such as former ministers, secretary generals, activists in women's issues, journalists, members of the parliament and others. The study concluded that there is a continuation of the stereotype of the male and female roles. Although there are signs of change in various aspects, where the results showed that male dominance in the family decision-making has changed significantly towards a participatory trend and activating the role of women within the family. However, in respect of expenditure the results showed that men still have conquer decisions in this regard. The results indicated support for delaying the marriage age for females until after 23 years-old, which was reflected on the existence of a clear role for the daughters in taking decisions related to them such as marriage, education, dress and choice of friends with continued presence of intervention by the father and the mother comparing with the son who has a greater role in taking decisions of his own.

Antenatal Anxiety towards Gender Preference and Social Acceptance among Primi and Multi Gravida Antenatal Mother attending Sadar Hospital, Sasaram

Antenatal Anxiety towards Gender Preference and Social Acceptance among Primi and Multi Gravida Antenatal Mother attending Sadar Hospital, Sasaram

School and neighborhood selection as mechanism of socio-urban exclusion in Santiago of Chile: an action approach

ABSTRACT We propose to study a set of biographical narratives about neighborhoods and schools’ selection in Santiago of Chile. Our argument holds that these family decisions have the capacity to transform institutional logics which are fundamental in the experience of urban integration/exclusion. In the analysis of 25 in-depth interviews, we identify three interpretative keys to explain these decisions: biographical disengagement, social retraction and polarization of representations, which together point at the search for social integration as the main absence in urban institutions. Finally, we discuss the limitations of a socio-territorial policy where integration is a secondary effect and not a declared action or policy outcome.