Despite a strong population increase in the first half of the XIXth century, the population of the Baronies of the Pyrenees ages continuously up to World War I. This paper examines the position of the elderly in this region, where the stem-family, although undergoing a crisis, still predominates. Demographic transition, the Civil Code of Law, then a vast rural depopulation transform successional and family cohabitation practices. An old man may lose his authority as head of the household but remains highly respected within the family. The elderly are well looked after by their descendants or closest relatives.