Family Characteristics Research Articles

Systematic Analysis of the BrHAT Gene Family and Physiological Characteristics of Brassica rapa L. Treated with Histone Acetylase and Deacetylase Inhibitors under Low Temperature.

Brassica rapa L. is an important overwintering oilseed crop in Northwest China. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) play an important role in epigenetic regulation, as well as the regulation of plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stresses. To clarify the role of histone acetylation in the low-temperature response of B. rapa L., we identified 29 HAT genes in B. rapa L. using bioinformatics tools. We also conducted a comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical properties, gene structure, chromosomal localization, conserved structural domains and motifs, cis-acting regulatory elements, and evolutionary relationships of these genes. Using transcriptome data, we analyzed the expression patterns of BrHAT family members and predicted interactions between proteins; the results indicated that BrHATs play an important role in the low-temperature response of B. rapa L. HAT inhibitor (curcumin; CUR) and histone deacetylase inhibitor (Trichostatin A; TSA) were applied to four B. rapa L. varieties varying in cold resistance under the same low-temperature conditions, and changes in the physiological indexes of these four varieties were analyzed. The inhibitor treatment attenuated the effect of low temperature on seed germination, and curcumin treatment was most effective, indicating that the germination period was primarily regulated by histone acetylase. Both inhibitor treatments increased the activity of protective enzymes and the content of osmoregulatory substances in plants, suggesting that histone acetylation and deacetylation play a significant role in the response of B. rapa L. to low-temperature stress. The qRT-PCR analyses showed that the expression patterns of BrHATs were altered under different inhibitor treatments and low-temperature stress; meanwhile, we found three significantly differentially expressed genes. In sum, the process of histone acetylation is involved in the cold response and the BrHATs gene plays a role in the cold stress response.

Cohort profile: the Dynamics of Family Conflict (FamC) study in Norway

PurposeThe Dynamics of Family Conflict (FamC) prospective cohort study was set up to investigate how and why interparental conflicts and family relations develop over time, and in which contexts which...

Genome-wide identification of Saccharum Sec14-like PITP gene family reveals that ScSEC14-1 is positively involved in disease resistance

Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP) plays an important role in lipid metabolism and plant immune response, however its function is less well-known in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). In this study, 51 SsPITP genes clustered into four groups (I, III, IV, and V), were identified in S. spontaneum. Results showed that expansion of the SsPITP gene family was mainly through whole genome/segmental replication and dispersed replication events, while purification selection was the main driving force for its evolution. Besides, the SsPITP gene family contained cis-regulatory elements related to light, hormone, and stress response in promoter regions. Interestingly, SsPITPs were differentially expressed under Sporisorium scitamineum stress. Furthermore, due to the continuous high expression of SsPITP29 in the sugarcane resistant variety after being infected with S. scitamineum, its homologous gene ScSEC14–1 with 99.69 % amino acid identity was cloned from the sugarcane hybrid cultivar. The results of transient expression in tobacco epidermal cells showed that the ScSEC14–1 protein was localized on the cell membrane and nucleus. Notably, overexpression of ScSEC14–1 increased the expression of phospholipase C genes in transgenic plants by activating the phosphatidylinositol/calcium/MAPK signaling pathways and plant hormone signal transduction, increasing chlorophyll content and catalase activity, reducing malondialdehyde content, thus enhancing disease resistance. This work will help to systematically understand the characteristics of sugarcane Sec14-like PITP gene family and the disease resistance function of the ScSEC14–1.

Uncovering home education in Italy: characteristics, motives, and pedagogic practices

ABSTRACT Home education is a growing but relatively unknown and understudied phenomenon in Italy. This study offers an empirical contribution to surface the key familial characteristics, parental rationales, and pedagogic practice of home education in this national context. As part of a larger mixed-methods research project, the findings of a survey administered to 91 home-educating parents/carers (representing 142 home-educated students) are presented. The study reveals that over half of the respondents commenced home-educating in 2020 or later, following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This resonates with trends observed nationally and internationally, showing a recent significant upsurge in home education. Despite the importance of the pandemic as a contingent factor, the decision to home-educate among these parents was mostly driven by pedagogical and social concerns. The desire to provide a more personalised, child-centred, and “better-quality” education was key among this study population. Also, they were attracted to home education to embrace a more flexible and family-first lifestyle. Remarkably, religious-based motivations exerted only a modest influence. Regarding pedagogical practices, nearly half of the participants opted for a collective educational arrangement, while the remaining half opted for a home-based or individual approach at the family level. Most participants reported a preference for a “semi-structured” approach in planning their educational activities. They drew inspiration from a broad and eclectic mix of philosophies and pedagogic practices, with Montessori and Steiner being the most prevalent. In discussing the implications of this study, the paper lays the groundwork for future research in this national context.

The Association of Sociodemographic Factors and Utilization of Diabetes Technologies with Diabetes Management: An Investigation in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.

We aimed to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the utilization of diabetes technologies, with diabetes management in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our study included 134 cases diagnosed with T1D who were followed for at least 1 year with T1D. Of the cases, 67.2% were using insulin pens as their insulin regimen, while 37.8% were using insulin pumps. The rate of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) usage was 29.9%. The rate of CGM usage was 5% in families with low income levels. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) level of children with working mothers was found to be higher compared to those with non-working mothers (median 9.2% vs. 8%; P = .009). Cases with 3 or more siblings had higher HbA1c levels compared to those with 2 or fewer siblings (median 8.7% vs. 8.1%; P = .044).The median HbA1c was 8.7% in cases using insulin pens and checking fingerstick blood glucose (SMBG); 8.3% in cases using insulin pumps and SMBG; 7.6% in cases using insulin pens with CGM, and 7.5% in cases using insulin pumps with CGM (P = .003). The utilization of insulin pumps with CGM in T1D cases exhibited lower HbA1clevels. Similarly, even the usage of insulin pens with CGM demonstrated improved diabetes management. Maternal employment and having a higher number of siblings may negatively affect diabetes management due to increased caregiver burden. We believe that personalized healthcare delivery tailored to the individual needs of T1D patients based on family and clinical characteristics could have positive effects on diabetes management.

Factors associated with stunting among children 0-23 months in Aceh: A cross-sectional study using SSGI 2021

Stunting is a chronic health problem that affects children and has long-term implications for cognitive development. The multifactorial causes of stunting require the identification of the most dominant factors to facilitate effective interventions. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with stunting in children under two years old in Aceh. This was a cross-sectional study involving 2,395 subjects aged 0-23 months. Data were obtained from the 2021 SSGI national survey, consisting of stunting prevalence, child and family characteristics, household sanitation, universal health insurance ownership, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, immunization status, parenting and pregnancy classes, supplementary feeding, and food security. Logistic regression analysis was performed with 95% confidence intervals. The results showed a significant association between stunting and child sex, sanitation conditions, parental education, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding practices, immunization status, micronutrient supplementation, and breastfeeding duration (p<0.05). In conclusion, the factors associated with stunting in children aged 0-23 months in Aceh are sanitation, parental education, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding practices, immunization, micronutrient supplementation, and duration of breastfeeding. This study highlights the importance of improved nutrition education, family support, increased immunization coverage, and improved environmental sanitation to reduce the prevalence of stunting among young children in Aceh.

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Factors Promoting Intergenerational Resilience in Adolescent Youth With Refugee Status.

Adolescent youth occupy a critical and complex position in refugee families who resettle in a third country. We examined the potential impact of health- and family-related factors on the social and behavioral adjustment outcomes of refugee adolescent youth. Situated within an explanatory sequential mixed methods study, we used unadjusted and adjusted multinomial logistic regression to identify trauma, health, and socioecological characteristics of war-affected families associated with social and behavioral adjustment in 72 Karen adolescent youth resettled in the United States. Factors related to the health and well-being of war-affected families, including parent mental and physical health, youth-reported family function, housing, and parent employment demonstrated important associations with youth adjustment. These findings, originating within the complex dynamics of resettled war-affected families, demonstrated the interconnectedness of adolescent and parent experiences and opportunities to advance resilience in youth navigating integration and supporting their families through those same processes.

Longitudinal evidence of the influence of early life circumstances, family characteristics, social ties and psychological distress on healthy behaviours ofBrazilian adults: The Pro-Saude cohort study.

This study examined the influence of early life circumstances, family characteristics, social ties and psychological distress in adulthood on adult's health-related behaviours. A cohort study (Pro-Saúde Study) involving technical and administrative civil servants at university campuses in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data from 2155 adults were collected at baseline (1999) and after a 13-year period (2012-13). Family characteristics at 12 years of age were assessed retrospectively in 1999. Gender, marital status, living situation, social support, social networks of relatives and psychological distress were also measured in 1999. Data collection in 2012-13 included information about marital status, social networks of relatives, cigarette smoking, fruit and vegetable consumption and physical exercise. A conceptual model testing the relationships between variables was assessed through structural equation modelling. Female gender (β = 0.043), better social networks of relatives in 1999 (β = 0.053) and 2012-13 (β = 0.069) and low psychological distress (β = -0.048) directly predicted less smoking. Better social networks of relatives in 2012-13 was directly linked to higher consumption of fruits (β = 0.045) and vegetables (β = 0.051) and being physically active (β = 0.070). Low psychological distress directly predicted higher fruit consumption (β = -0.040). Family characteristics at 12 years-old, marital status and living with other people were linked indirectly with health behaviours through social networks, social support and psychological distress. Adults with better early life family and social circumstances, and those who were married reported positive health behaviours through indirect pathways. Stronger social ties and lower psychological distress represented the pathways by which early life circumstances and relationship status influenced positive health behaviours.

Incorporating Parents' Lived Experiences Into the Pediatric Audiology Course: A Qualitative Analysis of Student Reflections.

This study explores the underutilized pedagogical approach of incorporating lived experiences of parents with children possessing diverse hearing profiles and their family characteristics into the audiology curriculum for students. The aim was to investigate the impact of integrating such experiences into the classroom as an andragogical learning experience through the qualitative analysis of written student reflections. Twelve (N = 12) third-year female audiology students enrolled in a pediatric auditory (re)habilitation course attended a parent panel presentation during their regularly scheduled face-to-face class. Five parents of children with diverse hearing differences and diverse technology, communication, and educational choices participated on the panel as guest speakers via the Zoom platform. Students completed written reflections based on Rolfe's reflective framework. Written reflections were downloaded from Canvas and de-identified prior to uploading to NVivo software for coding, utilizing an inductive grounded theory coding strategy coupled with content analysis. This study underscores the effectiveness of written reflections as an effective andragogical learning model. Through reflective practice, students gained a deeper understanding of their experiences, values, and learning journeys, enhancing their competency in pediatric audiology and auditory (re)habilitation. Students articulated previous knowledge and learning experiences, utilized newfound insights from exposure to the parent panel of shared lived experiences, and connected this knowledge with future clinical applications. Key findings underscore the effectiveness of reflective practice as an andragogical learning model, facilitating the integration of prior experiences with new knowledge. Moreover, it aids the transition of the professional journey from the familiar to the unfamiliar, demonstrating the impact of combining real-world lived experiences to reinforce and highlight classroom topics. Additionally, reflective practice enhances professional efficacy by valuing patient/parent perspectives regarding clinical care and aligning with evidence-based principles.

Econometric analysis of factors influencing electricity consumption in Spain: Implications for policy and pricing strategies

This study employs a comprehensive database of Spanish homes and econometric modeling to assess the factors influencing electricity consumption in Spain. Using panel data covering the period from 1998 to 2023, we analyzed the average yearly electricity usage across the 18 Spanish regions. Our findings reveal that fluctuations in electricity prices have remained the primary driver of consumption over this period. The price elasticity of demand has been exceptionally high, exceeding levels observed in earlier research and periods. Additionally, factors such as income, hours of sunlight, and temperature fluctuations positively influence electricity usage, albeit to a lesser extent than household and family characteristics (e.g., whether a single parent heads the household or if it includes foreign residents). There is no significant correlation between demand and factors such as the age or employment status of family members. Based on these findings, policy actions that target power pricing (e.g., price-based instruments) are likely to be the most effective in reducing electricity consumption.

Transgender lives at the population level: Evidence from Danish administrative data

This paper provides the first rigorous account of the diverse characteristics of transgender individuals at the population level, using data from Danish population registers. We observe three transgender subpopulations within the same national setting: all who changed thier legal sex (T-Legal, n = 1,995), all who have been assigned trans-related diagnostic codes (T-ICD, n = 1,594), and those who self-identified as transgender in a representative survey (T-Survey, n = 197, weighted n = 44,958). Results show significant differences in the subpopulations’ backgrounds, family, education and labour market characteristics, and healthcare use. These differences extend beyond comparisons with the general population to great variations between each of the transgender subpopulations. Individuals with legal sex changes, and particularly those with trans-related diagnostic codes, face substantial disadvantages across various outcomes. Compared to the general population and the T-Survey subpopulation, the T-Legal subpopulation and the T-ICD subpopulation have significantly higher numbers of psychiatric hospital visits, lower educational attainment, lower annual earnings, and reduced employment rates, also when controlling for background characteristics. Earnings and employment rates remained significantly lower also when controlling for educational attainment. Our results show that the strategy chosen to identify trans individuals in population data has a great impact on the characteristics observed, and that trans individuals captured by surveys do not necessarily represent all transgender individuals, including those who seek to medically or legally transition. Furthermore, our results indicate that high numbers of trans individuals observed in surveys do not necessarily correspond to high demands for gender-affirming treatments or legal sex change. Finally, we show that transgender individuals who seek gender-affirming healthcare constitute a distinct and significantly disadvantaged group, also compared to other trans subpopulations.

Cardiovascular Management of Aortopathy in Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Aortopathy encompasses a spectrum of conditions predisposing to dilation, aneurysm, dissection, or rupture of the aorta and other blood vessels. Aortopathy is diagnosed commonly in children, from infancy through adolescence, primarily affecting the thoracic aorta, with variable involvement of the peripheral vasculature. Pathogeneses include connective tissue disorders, smooth muscle contraction disorders, and congenital heart disease, including bicuspid aortic valve, among others. The American Heart Association has published guidelines for diagnosis and management of thoracic aortic disease. However, these guidelines are predominantly focused on adults and cannot be applied adeptly to growing children with emerging features, growth and developmental changes, including puberty, and different risk profiles compared with adults. Management to reduce risk of progressive aortic dilation and dissection or rupture in children is complex and involves genetic testing, cardiovascular imaging, medical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and surgical guidance that differ in many ways from adult management. Pediatric practice varies widely, likely because aortopathy is pathogenically heterogeneous, including genetic and nongenetic conditions, and there is limited published evidence to guide care in children. To optimize care and reduce variation in management, experts in pediatric aortopathy convened to generate this scientific statement regarding the cardiovascular care of children with aortopathy. Available evidence and expert consensus were combined to create this scientific statement. The most common causes of pediatric aortopathy are reviewed. This document provides a general framework for cardiovascular management of aortopathy in children, while allowing for modification based on the personal and familial characteristics of each child and family.

The expanded Child Tax Credit and low-income families’ food insecurity: Associations across and within months of receipt

In response to the pandemic-induced economic crisis for U.S. families, the federal government expanded the Child Tax Credit (CTC) via the distribution of monthly payments in the second half of 2021. Studies have found that these monthly payments corresponded with reductions in food insecurity, but what is not yet clear is whether these declines were stable across and within the months of receipt. Using novel, daily survey data among a sample of low-income families at high risk of food insecurity (N = 146), we tested whether the CTC payments were associated with stable rates of day-to-day food security. We found consistent declines in food insecurity across CTC months, though smaller declines for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients who experienced lower food insecurity rates, on average. Within a CTC month, we found that food insecurity was stable for non-SNAP families for the first few weeks, but spiked in the week prior to the next payment. SNAP families’ within-month patterns of food insecurity, however, appeared to be tied more to their SNAP benefit timing than CTC payment timing. Both groups saw end-of-the-month spikes in food insecurity among those who received higher CTC amounts, suggesting the money may have been more difficult to stretch across families with a greater number of children. These results suggest that the effectiveness of cash payments like the CTC in reducing economic hardships may depend on family characteristics like receipt of other federal benefits and household size. Accordingly, future provisions of cash assistance may benefit from going beyond income alone and tailoring the amount to a family’s benefits package.

Developmental trajectories of children's playfulness in two- to six-year-olds

Even though playfulness has been found to be highly relevant to the development and wellbeing of young children, hardly any longitudinal findings are available on stability and changes in children's playfulness. This study examined developmental trajectories of children's playfulness in two- to six-year-olds over a two-year period and analyzed whether individual and family characteristics and transition to primary school explain these trajectories. The sample included 839 children (47.3% girls, MAge = 4.87 years, SDAge = 1.39) from 38 childcare centers and 47 kindergartens in Switzerland. Children's playfulness was assessed at three measurement time points at one-year intervals using the multidimensional Children's Playfulness Scale to gather parent and teacher reports. Second-order linear growth curve models showed significant interindividual differences in children's playfulness at initial baseline. These differences correlated with effects for age, migrant background, and maternal education. The growth-related processes varied depending on children's age, and the individual dimension of children's playfulness whether an increase, stability, or decline was observed. In particular, social components of playfulness were found to change. On average, children's playfulness increased in early years but decreased from school age onwards. However, closeness in parent–child relationships proved to be supportive of children's playfulness at all time points. The results indicate the significance of positive parenting to children's playfulness, but they also draw attention to how playful qualities can be maintained and more highly valued in the school environment. In general, the study can contribute to a better understanding of the construct of playfulness in childhood.

Effect of Partial Elimination of Mitochondrial DNA on Genome-Wide Identified AOX Gene Family in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Using Chlamydomonas as a model organism, we attempted to eliminate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) similar to rho0 or rho− cells (completely or partially mtDNA-eliminated cells) in yeast. We successfully generated partially mtDNA-eliminated cells named as crm- cells, causing the inactivation of mitochondrial activity. We used three different chemicals to eliminate mtDNA including acriflavine (AF), ethidium bromide (EB) and dideoxycytidine (ddC) which prevents replication, inhibits POLG (DNA polymerase gamma) and terminates the mtDNA chain, respectively. The qPCR method was used to detect the mtDNA copy number and the selected rrnL6 gene for the detection of mitochondria, as well as the selected Chlamydomonas CC-124 strain. A reduction in the mitochondrial copy number led to a higher expression of AOX1, UCP1, PGRL1 and ICL1, which indicates the disturbance of the mitochondria–chloroplast ATP and NADPH balance. We selected AOX genes to further study this family and carried out a genome-wide search to identify AOX genes in green algae (C. reinhardtii). Our results revealed that C. reinhardtii contains four AOX genes, i.e., CrAOX1, CrAOX2, CrAOX3 and CrAOX4, which are distributed on Chr 3, Chr7 and Chr9. All CrAOX genes were predicted to localize in mitochondria using bioinformatics tools. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that these CrAOXs are subdivided into four groups and genes existing in the same group could perform identical functions. Collinearity analysis describes the strong evolutionary relationships of AOXs between the unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the multicellular green algae Volvox carteri. GO (gene ontology) annotation analysis predicted that CrAOXs played an integral part in carrying out alternate oxidative and respirative activities. Three putative miRNAs, cre-miR1162-3p, cre-miR1171 and cre-miR914, targeting the CrAOX2 gene were identified. Our studies have laid a foundation for the further use of partially mtDNA-eliminated cells and elucidating the functional characteristics of the AOX gene family.

Genome wide screening to discover novel toxin-antitoxin modules in Mycobacterium indicus pranii; perspective on gene acquisition during mycobacterial evolution.

Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP), a benign saprophyte with potent immunomodulatory attributes, holds a pivotal position in mycobacterial evolution, potentially serving as the precursor to the pathogenic Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Despite its established immunotherapeutic efficacy against leprosy and notable outcomes in gram-negative sepsis and COVID-19 cases, the genomic and biochemical features of MIP remain largely elusive. This study explores the uncharted territory of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems within MIP, hypothesizing their role in mycobacterial pathogenicity regulation. Genome-wide screening, employing diverse databases, unveils putative TA modules in MIP, setting the stage for a comparative analysis with known modules in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio cholerae. The study further delves into the TA network of MAC and Mycobacterium intracellulare, unraveling interactive properties and family characteristics of identified TA modules in MIP. This comprehensive exploration seeks to illuminate the contribution of TA modules in regulating virulence, habitat diversification, and the evolutionary pathogenicity of mycobacteria. The insights garnered from this investigation not only enhance our understanding of MIP's potential as a vaccine candidate but also hold promise in optimizing tuberculosis drug regimens for expedited recovery.

Negotiating Work and Family Spheres: The Dyadic Effects of Flexible Work Arrangements on Fertility Among Dual-Earner Heterosexual Couples

Academics and policymakers have suggested making flexible work arrangements (FWAs) the default in workplaces to promote a family-friendly workplace culture conducive to having and raising children. However, systematic research investigating how FWAs, as a long-term approach to negotiating work–family spheres, are related to fertility among dual-earner heterosexual couples is limited. Drawing on the linked-lives perspective, we theorize the relationship between FWAs and fertility among couples and potential variation depending on the interplay of both spouses’ work and family characteristics. We test our hypotheses using longitudinal couple-level dyadic data in the United Kingdom (2010–2022). We find that although FWA availability alone is unrelated to fertility, wives’ (not husbands’) FWA use is significantly associated with a higher probability of experiencing a first birth. Moreover, the effect of wives’ FWA use is particularly pronounced when both spouses work in professional and managerial occupations and when husbands contribute a larger proportion of income and at least equal housework. This study reveals a gendered effect of FWAs on fertility across work–family arrangements, deepening our understanding of couple-level dynamics in the fertility process.

The Association Between Child Food Allergy and Family Food Insecurity in a Nationally Representative US Sample

ObjectiveTo assess whether child food allergy is associated with family food insecurity, overall, and across different income levels. MethodsWe used the 2011–2018 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. The exposure was child food allergy, and our main outcome was odds of family food insecurity, which was calculated using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for child demographics, family characteristics and survey year. We examined for effect modification by the ratio of family income to the poverty threshold using stratification and tests for statistical interaction. ResultsAmong 83,287 children 6% had food allergy and 22% experienced family food insecurity. Child food allergy was associated with a 1.39-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26, 1.53) increased odds of family food insecurity overall. Child food allergy was associated with a 1.46-fold (95% CI: 1.29, 1.66) increased odds of family food insecurity among children whose families lived below 200% of the federal poverty level, and a 1.26-fold (95% CI: 1.05, 1.51) increased odds of family food insecurity among children whose families lived at 200 to 399% of the federal poverty level, with no association among children whose families lived at or above 400% of the federal poverty level (P = .04 for interaction). ConclusionThere is an association between child food allergy and family food insecurity, and this association is modified by the ratio of family income to the poverty threshold. Improved availability and subsidy of allergen-free foods in nutrition assistance programs and food pantries are urgently needed.

The YTH domain-containing protein family: Emerging players in immunomodulation and tumour immunotherapy targets.

The modification of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a pivotal role in tumor by altering both innate and adaptive immune systems through various pathways, including the regulation of messenger RNA. The YTH domain protein family, acting as "readers" of m6A modifications, affects RNA splicing, stability, and immunogenicity, thereby playing essential roles in immune regulation and antitumor immunity. Despite their significance, the impact of the YTH domain protein family on tumor initiation and progression, as well as their involvement in tumor immune regulation and therapy, remains underexplored and lacks comprehensive review. This review introduces the molecular characteristics of the YTH domain protein family and their physiological and pathological roles in biological behavior, emphasizing their mechanisms in regulating immune responses and antitumor immunity. Additionally, the review discusses the roles of the YTH domain protein family in immune-related diseases and tumor resistance, highlighting that abnormal expression or dysfunction of YTH proteins is closely linked to tumor resistance. This review provides an in-depth understanding of the YTH domain protein family in immune regulation and antitumor immunity, suggesting new strategies and directions for immunotherapy of related diseases. These insights not only deepen our comprehension of m6A modifications and YTH protein functions but also pave the way for future research and clinical applications.

How does perception of success change between family and solo farmers: A perspective from strategic resources and entrepreneurial orientation

This study compares the resources and entrepreneurial characteristics of family and solo farmers, and influences of these on subjective success perceptions. Quantitative data were collected in Finland and the research model is comprised of Resource-Based Theory and Entrepreneurial Orientation. T-test for equality of means and Structural Equation modelling were employed for testing the hypotheses. The results indicate that family and solo farmers are heterogeneous in most of their resources, entrepreneurial orientation and success perceptions, only except resources in funding opportunities, innovativeness in products and services and investments, and proactiveness in legislation, and success perceptions in self-determination in own work, personal satisfaction. Covariation between resources and entrepreneurial orientation is stronger for family farmers, but this relationship is positive for both groups. Resources and entrepreneurial orientation impact success positively both for family and solo farmers, while the impact of resources is stronger for family farmers and entrepreneurial orientation is stronger for solo farmers. This study suggests a comparative approach in evaluation of the sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship and its implications, also facilitates the methodological development on the measurement of the theoretical models focusing on the role of family in social and agricultural sustainability.