Average Family Income Research Articles

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND UTILIZATION OF ANTENATAL SERVICES AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDA WOMEN IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF KAMRUP DISTRICT, ASSAM

Antenatal Care includes care before birth and encompasses education, counseling, screening and treatment to monitor and to encourage the well - being of both the mother and fetus. Utilization of Antenatal Care services and maternal and child health programmes were critically important in a country like India which is experiencing high infant and child mortality rate and maternal mortality rate. The objective of the study was to describe the knowledge of antenatal women on antenatal services and utilization of available health services in community. Data was collected from 160 samples by using consecutive sampling technique. Socio-demographic proforma, self-administered structured questionnaire on knowledge regarding antenatal services and using checklist utilization of antenatal services was used to collect data. Results showed that majority 101(63.1%) had moderate knowledge, 48(30%) had inadequate knowledge and 11(6.9%) had adequate knowledge regarding antenatal services. All the participants i.e. 160(100%) had adequate utilization of antenatal services with mean score was 8.27 and SD=1.277. Majority 160(100%) had received immunization, had received Iron and folic acid tablets, had attended screening sessions for abdomen and breast examination, had attended screening sessions of blood pressure measurement, height and weight recording, had attended screening sessions of blood and urine examination, 158(98.7%) had registered pregnancy within 1-3 months, 117(73.1%) had received vitamin supplements, 106(66.2%) had received health talk on nutrition and exclusive breast feeding, 76(47.5%) had received counselling on family planning, and 66(41.2%) had received health talk on personal and environmental hygiene. The ndings of the study show that there is signicant co-relation between knowledge and utilization of the antenatal services among primigravida women. The mean knowledge score was 9.42±2.064 and mean utilization score was 8.27±1.277. Study result shows that there is signicant association between knowledge on antenatal services with selected demographic variables with respect to educational status (p = 0.021), occupation (p = 0.014) and average family income per month (p = 0.049). The study ndings also shows that there is signicant association between utilization of antenatal services with selected demographic variables with respect to age (p = 0.036), educational status (p = 0.001), and occupation of primigravida women (p = 0.002). In this study it concludes that more awareness and education should be given by the health workers to the antenatal mothers to receive the full antenatal services.

Investigation of the Relationships between Self-Confidence Levels and Job Finding Anxiety of Faculty of Sports Sciences Students

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between the self-confidence levels and job finding anxiety of the students of the faculty of sports sciences within the framework of Bayburt University. In this context, the relational survey model, which is consistent with the main purpose, was used in this quantitative study. The sample of the study consists of a total of 311 students, 113 females and 198 males, at the Faculty of Sports Sciences of Bayburt University. Convenience sampling method, one of the non-probabilistic sampling approaches, was used in the selection of the sample. Questionnaire form was used as data collection tool and this form consists of three parts. In the first part of the questionnaire form includes “Personal Information Form,” in the second part includes “Self-Confidence Scale” and in the third part includes “Sports Sciences Students' Job Finding Anxiety Scale.” First of all, descriptive statistics were calculated by considering the data type of the raw data obtained through this form. Then, the reliability of the dimensions of the scales related to the data obtained were investigated, and difference and correlation tests were used in statistical evaluations. In this direction, significant differences were determined in terms of the variables of gender, department, grade and place of residence. In addition, it was observed that there were significant correlations within the scope of the age and monthly average family income level of the participants regarding the scales. On the other hand, no significant correlation was found between the monthly average personal income level and the dimensions of the scales. As a result, it was found that there was a negative and significant correlation between the external self-confidence mean scores and job finding anxiety mean scores of the participants. However, no significant correlation was found between the participants' inner self-confidence mean scores and their job finding anxiety mean scores.

Compensation for displacement caused by dam building: representation, recognition, and outcomes in Thailand

ABSTRACT Compensation of people affected by dam building can be unfair, leading to protests and delays. Several international guidelines exist for compensation procedures that aim at equitable and reasonable compensation. Different criteria and procedures have been proposed for valuation of lost assets and income. We investigated five dam-building projects in Thailand, and evaluated the compensation process and outcomes with a conceptual framework focused on recognition of values, representation of affected people, actual compensation and acceptance of the project and compensation by the affected people. We studied the representation and recognition of languages of valuation in the compensation negotiation processes, and outcomes of the compensation in terms of cash-for-land payments and acceptance of the projects by the affected people. We propose and applied a ‘Comparative Index’ to compare paid cash compensations in the five projects with average family income in the respective regions. The results show deficient representation, insufficient attention to multiple languages of valuation, low compensations for lost land and trees and low degrees of acceptance by the affected people.

Depression and Depression Literacy among Adolescent School Students

Background: Adolescent mental health is a major public health issue. It is important to educate adolescents and their families about mental illnesses. However, very little attention has been paid to mental health literacy among individuals, particularly among adolescents. Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess depression and depression literacy levels, as well as their correlations among a sample of school students. Methods: Anonymous self-report questionnaires were used to conduct a cross-sectional study. This was to gather data from three public schools in the northern region of Jordan. Results: The study sample included a total of 225 participants, with 55.6% being female and the mean age being 15.09 (SD = 1.89). About 45% of these students were found to have depression symptoms and 27.6% of them had moderate and severe levels of depression. The participants were also found to have very low levels of depression literacy. A significant positive correlation was found between depression symptoms and depression literacy. The predictors of depression symptoms were gender, grade point average and monthly family income. The predictors of depression literacy were fathers’ educational level, physical exercise and family history of mental health problems. Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgent need for improving knowledge about mental illness among adolescents. Further research and strong support are highly recommended, specifically regarding issues that affect adolescents’ mental health. Implications for Nursing: The discussion covers several intervention implications and suggestions aiming to maintain adolescents’ psychological well-being. For example, nursing leaders should develop and implement programs for assessing depression, providing counselling and enhancing mental health literacy among adolescent school students. Keywords: Depression, Depression literacy, Mental health, Adolescents, School students.

Comparative Study on Residents' Health-Promoting Lifestyle and Life Satisfaction in Wuhan Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically affected residents' life. Whether the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced the residents' health-promoting lifestyle, and life satisfaction is an urgent problem to be studied. Based on Health Belief Model (HBM), this paper explored and compared the responses of residents' health-promoting lifestyle and life satisfaction on the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from a sample of 2,054 residents in Wuhan by questionnaire survey. The results show that the total score of health-promoting lifestyle after the COVID-19 pandemic has increased significantly compared with that before the COVID-19 pandemic, and the scores of all dimensions of health-promoting lifestyle have improved. Among them, the scores of exercises, self-actualization, and stress management are significantly higher than those before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the score of residents' life satisfaction has shown a downward trend. There were also significant differences in life satisfaction on the demographic variables, such as gender, age, education level, marital status, and family average income. The findings are of great significance in promoting residents' health-promoting lifestyles and life satisfaction in the context of the extraordinary pandemic.

Reproductive Autonomy of Women in Rural Bangladesh

Introduction: Reproductive autonomy confers a women's decision and controls over, matters related to contraceptive use, pregnancy, and childbearing. Rural women of Bangladesh have very little control to shape up their family with their minimum empowerment and are lagging behind in the practice of use of family planning methods. Objective: To find out the association among rural women’s reproductive autonomy and contraceptive behavior. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 284 married rural women of reproductive aged in Mohammadpur upazilla, Magura district of Bangladesh from June 2016 to December 2016 selected through simple random sampling. Mixed method approach was introduced for data collection through face to face interview using pretested questionnaire and focused group discussion. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 26.5±5.7 years with the range of 17 to 45 years. Average monthly family income was 12,561 Taka where majority of the respondents were housewives (83.8%). Education status above primary level was recorded in 23.6%. Early marriage was highly prevalent (77.5%) and mean age of marriage was 17.2±1.7 years. Mean parity was 2.3 per woman. Only 31% of the respondent found to have well reproductive autonomy. Contraceptive use was prevalent in 61.9% of the respondents and only educated women seen to have chance to participate in family planning decision-making. Male participation in contraceptive use was negligible but still men were in main role to give it the final shape to decide about family planning. Women’s reproductive autonomy found to be significantly associated with their contraceptive behavior (p<0.05). Educational status of the women and age gap with the spouse were significantly associated with their reproductive autonomy (p<0.05). Conclusion: Gender issues were prominent in family planning in rural community and rural women accepted the gender disparity in silence. Policy makers and family planning stake holders should put maximum endeavor to improve women’s reproductive autonomy to strengthen their negotiating capacity in fertility control. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 17, No 1 (June) 2021: 30-34

Child Day Care Center Use and Mental Stress of Working Mothers

Background: Some of the working mothers use child day care center (CDCC) for their children to reduce their mental stress. This study was designed to assess the association between mental stress of working mothers and child day care center use. Methods: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted among 106 working mothers of whom 53 were CDCC users and 53 were non-users from January to December, 2019. Data were collected by face to face interview by a semi-structured questionnaire. Mental stress was estimated by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Quality control checks for data were done. All ethical issues were maintained strictly in different stages of the study and informed written consent was taken from each individual. Results: Mean (±SD) age was 32.92(± 2.901) and 33.55(± 3.160) years in CDCC users and non-users respectively. Average monthly family income was Tk.191698.11 in CDCC users and Tk. 209433.96 in non-users. Majority (67.9%) of the CDCC users lived in nuclear family while 67.9% of the CDCC non-users lived in joint family. Mothers had significantly higher (85.5%) stress who had maid servant in comparison to mothers who had not and mothers had higher (75.0%) stress who suffered from illness compared to mothers who did not suffer and it was significant (p<0.05). Both low (61.5%) and moderate (59.4%) stress were significantly higher among CDCC users while high stress (83.3%) was significantly higher among CDCC non-users. Chance of having low stress was high (OR=8.0) in mothers who were CDCC users than mothers who were CDCC non-users. Conclusion: CDCC non-users had high level of mental stress than the CDCC users. CDCC should be established with every organization to reduce the mental stress of working mothers. JOPSOM 2021; 40(1): 59-65

Depression among Korean men during COVID-19: social media and physical activity

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean men are withdrawing from social interactions and feeling depressed due to financial difficulties. This depression can be reduced through physical activities and use of social media for communication. Therefore, this study aims to examine activities effective in reducing depression by analyzing the differences in physical activities and levels of social media addiction, depending on the level of depression. Methods: A total of 591 Korean males affected by the COVID-19 pandemic participated in the study. Results were extracted by frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, chi-square test, and t-test using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Chi-square test, which analyzed differences in demographic characteristics based on the level of depression, revealed significant differences in monthly average family incomes, levels of participation in physical leisure activities, extent of social media usage and kinds of social media used. Significant differences existed in high-intensity physical activities as well as social media non-addiction and addiction depending on the level of depression. Conclusions: Since COVID-19 is increasing depression in males, government or health-related institutes need to provide spacious areas to engage in physical activities, which may help reduce suicidal ideation and restore mental health in Korean males. Moreover, there is a need to develop diverse health-related social media contents, which can help reduce depression. Thus, it has been thought that places to perform physical activities and sufficient communication with others on social media can prove helpful in managing depression.

Food choices and dietary habits of college going girls with special emphasis on breakfast consumption practices

Choosing nutritious foods, eating mindfully and planning appropriate meals while eating; are the important components which make a significant impact on one's well-being. The choice of whether and what to eat and drink first thing in the morning has been demonstrated to have a significant impact on our health, well-being and cognitive abilities. Breakfast is widely regarded as the most vital meal of the day. A nutritious breakfast ensures the best day possible in the long run of day-to-day life. Human body organs burn around 400 to 500 calories during the night during sleep for seven to eight hours. Breakfast skipping has become common practice in recent years for a variety of reasons. Sadly, this practise gives rise to a variety of diseases and conditions in long term, including weight gain, heart disease, bone thinning, irritability, mood swings, low energy, poor memory, mental stress, high blood pressure, and an unhealthy mix of blood cholesterol. Several studies have looked at the relationship between lifestyle choices (such as skipping breakfast) and health outcomes. College students, especially young girls were shown to be more likely to skip breakfast. This not only increases negative health impact, but also lowers the quality of one's food, sleeping pattern and degree of physical activity. The objective of the study was to assess the socio-demographic profile, dietary and lifestyle pattern of the college going girls and to identify the probable causes of faulty dietary habits, if any, with special emphasis on their breakfast consumption. 850 subjects were selected randomly from the two colleges of the Ghaziabad. Results indicated that 63% (n=536) were found to be skipping breakfast. Factors significantly associated with breakfast skipping were age, average family income (monthly), parental education, time spent in commutation to college, contribution to house hold work. The most common reason cited for skipping breakfast were lack of time, not liking to eat so early, having no appetite. The prevalence of breakfast skipping among the college going girls was moderately high. Lower nutrition knowledge could be associated with the above findings. Thus, nutritional interventions to impart education at college level can be an effective tool, as adolescents/young adults spend most of the time here. It is strongly recommended that this age group especially college going girls should be educated and made aware of healthy breakfast eating practices and good nutrition patterns for healthy lifestyle and thus contribute towards healthy nation.

Performance of e-nam and its determinants in the largest market of Andhra Pradesh

The national agriculture market (e-NAM) is an online trading platform with a physical market at the back end. The study was purposively conducted in the Guntur mandi in Andhra Pradesh, as it was the state's largest mandi in terms of trade volume and value, using an ex-post facto research design with 100 respondents. A disproportionate stratified random sampling approach was used to select 30 farmers, 30 traders, 5 FPOs, 25 Commission agents, and 10 e-NAM officials, and data was collected using a pre-tested interview schedule. The performance of the e-NAM index was examined using a list of four sub-indicators, and it was discovered that the average value of the performance index was 0.646, it did not cross the 3/4th mark, indicating that there was a lot of scope for improvement. Finally, using multiple linear regression, the factors that determined the performance of e-NAM were found. Only four of the 12 predicted factors were significant. To improve the performance of e-NAM great attention should be given to social participation, landholding, annual family income, and scientific orientation. Farmers had a higher illiteracy rate than traders, commission agents, and e-NAM officials. Commission agents had more average annual family income than traders, farmers, and e-NAM officials. Intermediaries benefitted more than farmers and traders. Thus, policymakers should replace the role played by commission agents with the authorized body. The manuscript concluded by proposing recommendations for policymakers to improve the performance of e-NAM.

An Empirical Study on Impact of COVID-19 on Mobile Financial Service and Saving Practices: The Case of Bangladesh

The world is passing a grievous phase because of a fast-spreading disease named COVID-19. Almost all countries have experienced the impact of coronavirus on their economy. Unexpectedly, due to that situation some industries like retail chain shops, online grocery shops, Mobile financial service, IT firms are experiencing growth in Bangladesh. Mobile financial service is relatively new concept but a fast-growing industry in our country. But there are some issues that MFS users face, especially rural people. History of economics shows that countries that succeeded in accumulating high levels of domestic investment largely financed by domestic savings, achieved faster rates of economic growth and development. So, understanding peoples saving behaviour is crucial. Therefore, this paper focused on finding the impact of COVID-19 on saving practice of mobile financial service users of rural area as economic growth and development depend on a country’s level of domestic savings. To fully understand the situation the researchers aimed to find the answers to some key questions: (1) Did mobile financial service reach to rural people in this pandemic? (2) Did saving rate increased during pandemic? (3) What is the impact of mobile financial service on saving behavior of people? (4) What are the key determinants of saving practices of mobile banking users? Both descriptive and advanced statistical analysis has been used for analyzing the data and a cross sectional survey on user of mobile financial services has been performed. The study area was three subdistricts (Phulbaria, Nandail, Gouripur) of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. A two-stage sampling technique was used for data collection. First three villages were chosen from the three selected sub-districts. Then, convenient villages were surveyed for collecting information through primary survey. Simple random sampling method has been used in selecting sample and collecting data from the respondent. A total of 210 users was interviewed from the selected areas. Statistical package SPSS was used for data analysis. Researchers found that mobile financial service industry has significantly grown during pandemic but the saving practices of rural people have decreased. Age, occupation, regularity of income, average monthly family income, saving habit, monthly income during pandemic are the significant factors of the saving practices of mobile banking users. The government should encourage rural residents to save more in formal than informal channel and should emphasis on Mobile Financial Service industry as it can be the answer to the economic problem.

Examination of criminal responsibility in children aged 12-15

This study aimed to review the sociodemographic characteristics and assess the examination results of juveniles pushed to crime (JPC) who were aged 12-15 years for whom the judicial authorities requested an opinion on criminal liability. The reports and interview forms of 100 patients. The parents were separated in 24 JPC, and 65 had four or more siblings. The average family income level was minimum wage or below in 81 cases. A review of the types of charges indicated that 56 cases were referred for theft, 47 had previous criminal records, and 17 had individuals with a history of imprisonment in their close circle. Sixteen had a history of substance abuse. Ten of 46 JPC had borderline intellectual functioning based on intelligence quotient assessment. Fifty JPC presented more than 6 months after the date of the crime. As a result of the examinations, the number of children with and without the power of discernment was 44 and 44, respectively. No decision could be made on 12 JPC because of late referral and insufficient paperwork. The minimum income level should be increased to reduce the number of JPCs. In particular, children with individuals in their close circle with a history of imprisonment should be closely monitored and necessary measures should be taken against substance abuse. Given the rapid cognitive development of children in this age group, it is difficult to make decisions when the children are referred long after the actual event.

Integration of Action Civics Strategic Intervention Materials (ACSIM) for Improved Learners’ Performance in Araling Panlipunan 8

The study aimed to integrate Action Civics Strategic Intervention Materials (ACSIM) in Araling Panlipunan 8 for improve learners’ performance at Dolores National High School. Specifically, it sought to: determine the profile of learner respondents; find out the perceived level of engagement on action civics activities; describe and interpret the pretest scores; identify the least mastered competencies; describe and interpret the posttest scores; and find out if there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest mean scores of the learner respondents. Likewise, the researcher employed the descriptive method and designbased research in this study. Findings revealed that majority of the respondents were 14.38 years old; females; and, with the average family income of PhP.12, 667.30. The perceived level of engagement on action civics activities was found to be all together HIGH as to youth voice, youth expertise, learning by doing and reflection. The mean performance of the learner respondents’ scores in the pretest in AP 8 for Third Quarter before integration of ACSIM was found 16.05 with the verbal interpretation of AVERAGE. The Least Mastered Competencies in AP 8 for the Third Quarter were as follows: MELC # 3 - Nasusuri ang mga dahilan, kaganapan at epekto ng rebolusyong siyentipiko, enlightenment at industriyal; MELC # 4 - Naipaliliwanag ang kaugnayan ng rebolusyong pangkaisipan sa rebolusyong Amerikano at Pranses; MELC # 5 - Nasusuri ang dahilan, pangyayari at epekto ng ikalawang yugto ng kolonyalismo (Imperyalismo). The mean performance in the posttest in AP 8 for the Third Quarter after integration of ACSIM was found to be 25.03, with verbal interpretation of HIGH. More so, there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest mean scores of the learners. It can be inferred that the integration of ACSIM has a large effect in improving the performance of learners in Araling Panlipunan 8. The pretest has served the purpose of a diagnostic test to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the learners. Lastly, subject teachers can make customized and user – friendly strategic intervention materials effectively.

POSTNATAL BLUES: A MIRAGE OR REALITY

• Postpartum blues is real and prevalent among Nigerian women. • Postpartum blues affects almost half of women following delivery. • Associated factors are female baby, preterm delivery, postpartum complications and average annual family income. Postpartum blues usually connotes a brief psychological disturbance in mood within few days of delivery. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of postnatal blues and associated risk factors in a population of Nigerian women. We performed a cross-sectional study involving 292 parturients on third day of the delivery in our center between April 2019 and August 2019. Postnatal blues was assessed with Kennerly and Gath Blues questionnaire and a mean score of greater than 7 was taken as cut-off. They also completed Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaires. Socio-demographic characteristics were also obtained. The prevalence of postnatal blues was 45.5%. Postnatal blues was associated with birth of a female baby (50% compared with 40%, adjusted OR 2.37 95% CI 1.29–4.31, p = 0.005), preterm delivery (66.7% compared with 42.6%, adjusted OR 3.79 95% CI 1.54–9.31, p = 0.004); and puerperal complications. (58.3% compared with 44.4%, adjusted OR 5.25 95% CI 1.71–16.07) and average annual family income ( p < 0.001). Postnatal blues is real and prevalent among Nigerian women. Healthcare providers should endeavor to be vigilant in order to diagnose postnatal blues promptly and do the necessary follow up.

Biomonitoring of Exposure to Metals in a Population Residing in an Industrial Area in Brazil: A Feasibility Study.

Background: Industries are sources of environmental pollutants. However, there are few human biomonitoring (HBM) studies in the vicinity of industrial areas. Thus, we evaluate the feasibility of conducting an HBM study to assess exposure to metals in an industrial area in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted near a steel factory. Adults (exposed = 775; controls = 775) were randomly selected and sex-matched. Subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire and a 24 h dietary recall. Blood samples were collected to analyze metal concentrations, blood count, biochemical parameters, and thyroid hormones. The feasibility of the survey was assessed following guidelines. The descriptive analysis was performed for the first 250 participants (pilot study). Results: Adjustments were made to the survey execution, including age-matching, fieldwork team, questionnaire, blood collection, and research awareness. The complete questionnaire was answered by ≥97% of participants; metals were measured in ≥98% and clinical parameters in ≥89%, except thyroid hormones (13–44%). The average age and family income were of 50 years and USD 575/month, respectively. The participants had equal distribution among sexes: 50% had a medium education level, and 59% were nonwhite. Conclusion: This preliminary HBM study demonstrates feasibility for the total population, with results indicating representativeness of the target population.

Learners’ Knowledge of Local History and Culture

This descriptive study determined the learners' knowledge of local history and culture. The participants were Grade 10 students enrolled for the school year 2018-2019, categorized according to sex, type of school, and family income. The data were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS (Software Package for the Social Sciences Software) with Frequency, Mean, Standard Deviation, t-Test, and One-way ANOVA. The findings demonstrated that when learners were categorized by sex, type of school, and family income, their knowledge of local history was partly knowledgeable. When taken as a whole, the learners' knowledge of local culture was also partly knowledgeable. Both males and females were partly knowledgeable when it came to sex. In terms of the type of school, public schools were knowledgeable, whereas private schools were only partly knowledgeable. Finally, when it came to family income, learners with low and average family income were partly knowledgeable, whereas learners with high family income were knowledgeable. With this study, learners' knowledge gained knowledge of local history and culture.

Postpartum Health Care Seeking Behaviour among the Rural Women in Bangladesh

Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth is an important event in the life cycle of women and their health during this period is very much vital for the mother and children. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of a country is an important indicator of the overall health status of mother. Objectives: To assess the health care seeking behaviour of postnatal women in rural Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Chaturia in Dhamrai upazilla of Dhaka district from January 2019 to March 2019 among purposively selected 196 rural women of reproductive age who had at least one living child. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using pretested questionnaire. Results: Among 196 respondents average monthly family income was 12561 Taka with SD of 10462 taka. Majority of them were housewives and about two-third (64.8%) were educated above secondary level. 70.9% respondents had their delivery of last child in a government health care center and 37.8% deliveries were conducted by nurses which was followed by government doctors (36.2%). Majority (62.2%) had their health checkup within 42 days, 59.2% of them had checkup for three or more times and the checkup were done by government doctors (60.2%). 47.1% of the respondents experienced high grade fever as postpartum complication. Statistically significant association (p&lt;0.05) were revealed between age group of the respondents with health personnel conducted deliveries and also between educational level of the respondents with place of delivery of last child. Conclusion: Awareness, motivation and infrastructural development play a vital role in utilizing the government healthcare services by the postnatal women in rural Bangladesh. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 80-83

The socioeconomic gradient in child health and noncognitive skills: Evidence from the Czech Republic

We investigate the presence of a socioeconomic status (SES) gradient in children’s health and noncognitive skill development, and its evolution with child age using cohort data from the Czech Republic. We show that family SES are positively associated with better child health. These effects start to emerge at age 3 and are persistent for all subsequent ages. We find a modest strengthening of the gradient as the children grow older. Similarly, at the lowest distribution of average family income, children lag in their noncognitive skills. We find evidence that children enter school with substantial differences in noncognitive skill endowments based on family SES. This correlation persists when controlling for poor health at birth, the roles of specific and chronic health problems, housing conditions, and partner characteristics. Maternal health status explains some of the association between family income and child noncognitive skills. We account for the endogeniety of SES and non-linearities in measures.

Demands for Telenursing-Based Long-Term Care Among Disabled Older Adults in Qingdao, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PurposeThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the current status of and factors influencing the demands for telenursing-based long-term care in disabled older adults.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, data from 213 participants from five districts of Qingdao, China, were investigated using multistage stratified sampling. The assessment scale of the long-term care demands level and the questionnaire of the demands of telenursing-based long-term care for disabled older adults were used to estimate the demands for telenursing-based long-term care for older adults with disabilities in Qingdao.ResultsOf the participants, 60.51% were willing to receive telenursing-based long-term care. The item with the highest score was “Internet +” information management and first aid (3.77 ± 0.71); the item with the lowest score was “Internet +” daily care (2.97 ± 0.72). Average family income (P < 0.001), age (P = 0.004) and educational level (P = 0.003) were significant factors influencing the demands for telenursing-based long-term care.ConclusionDisabled older adults had a high demand for telenursing-based long-term care. Urgent actions are needed to integrate telenursing with long-term care as soon as possible. In the development of telenursing-based long-term care, it is necessary to fully consider the average family income, age and educational level of disabled older adults.

Homeroom Symposium and Calamity Response Level of Senior High School Learners

The second semester of the school year 2019 - 2020 was bombarded with different calamities and pandemic that hamper school days. This paper sought to determine the significant difference of calamity response level of senior high school learners of Talangan Integrated National High School, Nagcarlan, Laguna, Philippines, when measured across sex groups, family income status and academic performance. With the conduct of monthly homeroom symposium that dealt with non-academic topics such as reaching out to people, continuing life in the midst of adversities, and developing full potential as God’s stewards, the researcher also measured the relationship of homeroom symposia application and calamity response level of learners. The writing of this research study revolved around the concept of a qualitative approach, in which data came from responses through survey questions provided to 32 Grade 11 learners through social media, in the midst of the quarantine period battling against COVID-19. The questionnaire has the following parts: learners’ profile, homeroom symposium application, and calamity response level with 3 indicators: reaching out to people, continuous study at home in the midst of calamity, and maximizing time to do productive tasks. It was found out that there is a significant difference in calamity response level in terms of reaching out when checked across family income status. Those who have average family income tends to reach out more than those with below average and above average family income status. Also, it came out that there is a significant relationship between homeroom symposia application and calamity response level in terms of continuous study and maximizing time. Through homeroom symposium, learners’ desire to continue studying at home and develop their potentials is sustained. Recommendations were given to classroom advisers, school heads, district supervisors and future researchers.