Family Assistance Research Articles

Peran Pendidikan Keluarga dalam Memperkuat Karakter Bangsa

Family education has a very important role in forming a strong and independent national character. Parents as agents of family education are obliged to provide proper education for their children so that they grow into generations of strong character and can build a better future for the nation. Family education does not only focus on academic aspects, but also on social, emotional, and spiritual aspects. The government and society must also provide support and cooperation in improving the quality of family education in Indonesia. This paper outlines the important role of family education in strengthening national character while at the same time trying to present a comprehensive solution that must be carried out jointly by the government, parents, and the community to improve the quality of family education in Indonesia. Parents must be able to recognize the needs and potential of their children so that they can provide education according to the needs and potential of children. The government can provide support in the form of integrated and comprehensive family education programs and financial assistance for underprivileged families. Communities can form family education groups that support and assist each other in educating their children and support the government in implementing family education programs.

Predictors of WIC uptake among low-income pregnant individuals: a longitudinal nationwide analysis

BackgroundNutrition during pregnancy is important for maternal and infant health. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides nutritional support for low-income pregnant and postpartum individuals and children under the age of 5 y. However, WIC participation was in decline in the decade leading up to 2019. ObjectivesThis study examined individual and state predictors associated with WIC uptake among eligible individuals so as to identify subgroups for targeted intervention to improve participation. MethodsData came from the 2004–2019 waves of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), a national survey of individuals who recently gave birth (N = 288,531). Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine individual- and state-level and temporal predictors of WIC uptake among WIC-eligible respondents. ResultsAmong WIC-eligible respondents, ages of >35 (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.70), more than high school education (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 062, 0.65), English language proficiency (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.74), being married (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.72), White race, smaller family size, not having prepregnancy diabetes, and higher income were associated with lower odds of WIC uptake. Respondents in states with higher earned income tax credit rates and in the Northeast, Midwest, and West (compared with the South) had lower WIC uptake. Respondents in states with higher gross domestic product, higher unemployment rates, higher Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and Medicaid caseloads, and Democrat governors had higher uptake; however, effect estimates were small and may not represent a meaningful change. Associations were the strongest during 2009–2015 than during other years, particularly for race/Hispanic origin, language, marital status, prepregnancy diabetes, family size, and prepregnancy. ConclusionsThis study identified several individual- and state-level characteristics associated with WIC uptake among low-income eligible respondents, paving the way for future interventions to target key subgroups to improve program participation.

Silencing of PpNRAMP5 improves manganese toxicity tolerance in peach (Prunus persica) seedlings

The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) gene family assists in the transport of metal ions in plants. However, the role and underlying physiological mechanism of NRAMP genes under heavy metal toxicity in perennial trees remain to be elucidated. In Prunus persica, five NRAMP family genes were identified and named according to their predicted phylogenetic relationships. The expression profiling analysis indicated that PpNRAMPs were significantly induced by excess manganese (Mn), iron, zinc, and cadmium treatments, suggesting their potential role in heavy metal uptake and transportation. Notably, the expression of PpNRAMP5 was tremendously increased under Mn toxicity stress. Heterologous expression of PpNRAMP5 in yeast cells also confirmed Mn transport. Suppression of PpNRAMP5 through virus-induced gene silencing enhanced Mn tolerance, which was compromised when PpNRAMP5 was overexpressed in peach. The silencing of PpNRAMP5 mitigated Mn toxicity by dramatically reducing Mn contents in roots, and effectively reduced the chlorophyll degradation and improved the photosynthetic apparatus under Mn toxicity stress. Therefore, PpNRAMP5-silenced plants were less damaged by oxidative stress, as signified by lowered H2O2 contents and O2•− staining intensity, also altered the reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis by activating enzymatic antioxidants. Consistently, these physiological changes showed an opposite trend in the PpNRAMP5-overexpressed peach plants. Altogether, our findings suggest that downregulation of PpNRAMP5 markedly reduces the uptake and transportation of Mn, thus activating enzymatic antioxidants to strengthen ROS scavenging capacity and photosynthesis activity, thereby mitigating Mn toxicity in peach plants.

The Effect of Safety Net Generosity on Maternal Mental Health and Risky Health Behaviors

ABSTRACTSingle mothers are more likely to experience mental health problems and stress‐related negative health behaviors than their married counterparts, but a more generous safety net may improve these outcomes. We use a simulated safety net eligibility approach that accounts for interactions across safety net programs and relies on changing policies across states and time to identify causal effects of safety net generosity on psychological distress and risky behaviors of single mothers. Results suggest that a more generous safety net is protective of maternal mental health: a $1,000 increase to the simulated potential combined cash and food benefit package reduces severe psychological distress by 8.4 percent. Breaking out effects by individual programs while still controlling for potential benefits from other programs, we find protective effects of tax credits, cash benefits provided by Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and food benefits provided by Supplemental Nutritional Assistance, but no effects of Medicaid eligibility. The effects are primarily driven by single mothers with the lowest levels of education. We find no significant effects of generosity on daily smoking, but we find evidence that benefits reduce the likelihood of heavy drinking. Results suggest that government investments in resources available to low‐income families can be effective at improving well‐being.

Development and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Questionnaire on Factors That Influence Family Engagement in Acute Care Settings

There exists an international consensus on the importance of family-centered care (FCC) in intensive care settings and the evaluation of collaboration between nurses and families; however, FCC is currently practiced blindly in Japan. In this study, we developed a Japanese version of the questionnaire, Factors that Influence Family Engagement (QFIFE-J) and examined its reliability and validity. A web-based survey was conducted with 250 nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU). Exploratory and validatory factor analyses were used to ascertain factor validity. Criterion-related validity was tested using correlation analysis with the ICU Nurses' Family Assistance Practice Scale. Internal consistency and reproducibility were verified for reliability. Following exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, a 15-item measure emerged comprising four factors: "ICU environment", "nurses' attitudes", "nurses' workflow", and "patient acuity". Confirmatory factor analyses showed a generally good fit. Cronbach's α for the overall scale was 0.78, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The intraclass coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.80. It was found that the QFIFE-J was reliable and valid and may help determine the factors that promote or inhibit FCC. Additionally, this study has also clarified the current status and family support related issues in ICUs in Japan.

Differences in elderly stress levels before Covid-19 vaccination: History of exposure to Covid-19 reduces stress before vaccination

BackgroundThe Covid-19 pandemic requires the government to take various prevention and countermeasures, one of which is the Covid-19 Vaccination program, however, the program experiences a high dropout at various doses and causes immunization stress related response (ISRR), especially in the elderly. The research aims to determine differences in the stress levels of the elderly before the covid-19 vaccination. MethodsDescriptive study with the elderly population who will take vaccinations at the Bojong Purbalingga Health Center. Sampling used random sampling, the inclusion criteria were 45–79 years old, with a total sample of 90 respondents. Research instruments developed by research, relating to vaccination containing cognitive responses (such as difficulty concentrating), physiological responses (such as shortness of breath, dry lips) feelings of fear, anxiety, trust in vaccination. Data were analyzed descriptively with percentages and proportions. ResultsThe results showed that the most moderate stress levels were middle age (22.2%), women 33.3% had higher stress levels than men (10%), the highest vaccination coverage was 26.7% at a distance of 1–2 KM. The level of stress is in the moderate category 33.3% in the elderly who have never been exposed to Covid-19 and 10% in the elderly who have been exposed. Non-family health workers, 36.7% higher than families of health workers (6.7%). ConclusionStress levels before vaccination are higher in the elderly who have never been exposed to Covid-19, compared to those who have been exposed to Covid-19. The need for family assistance to prepare for vaccination in the elderly.

Recommendations for working with a pregnant woman consuming alcohol perspective of family assistants

Working with families with children in the form of family assistantship has been carried out in Poland for over 10 years. The family assistant works with families to strengthen their care and educational skills and to assist with home and family matters. It also coordinates counselling for pregnant women. Families deal with life's difficulties in different ways. Alcohol is seen as one of the means of self-regulation of emotions. Drinking alcohol by pregnant women can lead to FASD (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder). Thus, the profession of a family assistant is one of the helping professions that can counteract this phenomenon. This article presents the experiences of family assistants in working with pregnant women who consume alcohol and their opinions on the methods of preventing and treating addictions in expectant mothers.

Analysis of Implementation of Government Fiscal Policy to Overcome Poverty in East Java

Introduction/Main Objectives: This research aims to analyze how the Government's Fiscal Policy is Implemented to Overcome the East Java Poverty Problem for the 2020-2021 period. Research Methods: The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive research methodology approach with content analysis and library research techniques. Research that utilizes library resources to obtain research data. Finding/Results: The results of the study show that the efforts made by the Provincial Government of East Java to overcome poverty are through various comprehensive poverty reduction programs, including social assistance for individuals and families, community empowerment and MSME empowerment, and other poverty reduction programs. Conclusion: With the right fiscal Policy, the government can overcome the problem of poverty. Then fiscal Policy is beneficial to improve people's welfare.

Perceptions of children with cancer and their parents regarding illness: A qualitative study

PurposeThe current study aims to understand inter-generational differences and similarities in the perception of illness and the available resources employed by children with cancer and their parents. MethodsA qualitative descriptive research design was utilized, including face-to-face interviews with 108 parent-child dyads where the children had been diagnosed with cancer, by means of a semi-structured questionnaire. The participants were recruited from two pediatric hematology-oncology wards in two different hospitals in Israel. The data were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. Debriefing and inter-rater reliability methods were utilized. FindingsSimilarities were found between the coping of children and parents with the illness. Children with cancer and their parents can find bright sides and support for coping, such as different perspectives on life, faith, positive thoughts, and family assistance. Most of the differences between the perceptions of children and parents relate to the difficulties encountered. While parents are mainly concerned about the long-term impact, children contend with ordeals involving the here-and-now. ConclusionsParents and children demonstrate a dual process in their challenging journey. Positive and facilitating factors are intertwined with the aggravating aspects, which exist side by side. Practice implicationsNursing staff should advise children and their parents to attain and use external and internal sources of support found in this study to help them deal with cancer.

Commentary] Building a digital republic to reduce health disparities and improve population health in the United States

Income, schooling, and healthcare are key ingredients for health, but most government programs that are designed to provide these social benefits are difficult to access, target those least in need, and carry enormous administrative costs. Benefits such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families or Medicaid are difficult to enroll in, so only those who have the cognitive capacity to navigate the application process receive those benefits. The bureaucracies of welfare programs also increase the cost of administering the program. Redundancies in welfare programs also mean that there are redundant bureaucracies. In this commentary, we discuss a novel method for improving health while also improving privacy, reducing fraud, and improving data system compatibility. Specifically, we propose a digital identity credential that allows for the creation of a “digital republic” in which enrollment in social benefits can be automated, and the benefits can be targeted to those most in need. While there are large potential population health and health disparities benefits that could arise from a digital republic, more empirical work is needed to understand the extent to which nations have benefited from digital identity programs in the past and the political economy associated with implementing such programs.

Assistance for Pregnant Women and Families in Early Detection of Preeclampsia (PE) and Early Referral Planning as an Effort to Prevent Complications

The purpose the activity is to increase the participation of pregnant women and families in early detection of Preeclampsia (PE) risk and early referral planning as an effort to prevent complications. The methods are carried out in several stages, namely pregnancy health education with PE, early detection screening by health workers using the 2020 MCH book guidelines (risk factor history, as well as BMI, Mean Arterial Pressure and urine protein checks. If the screening results found the risk of PE or diagnosed PE (BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg and positive urine protein) then followed by reporting to the local midwife, motivating the mother for early referral action planning and assistance during pregnancy. Results: knowledge of pregnant women and families about PE increased from 67% in the poor category, after receiving information 92% in the good category. Early detection screening by health workers using the 2020 MCH book guidelines, out of 12 pregnant women, 2 people (16.7%) had a risk of PE and 10 people (83.3%) did not have a risk of PE. None of the pregnant women were diagnosed with PE. 2 pregnant women who have the risk of PE (100%) have been reported to the Kapor village midwife and are willing to be referred to the Burneh Puskesmas. There is an increase in community participation (pregnant women and families) in early detection of PE and early referral planning as an effort to prevent complications.

Determinants Of Stunting Incidence In Toddlers In Pasaman Barat

The incidence of stunting in Indonesia in 2021 is relatively high with a stunting prevalence of 24.4%, and one area in West Pasaman Regency has even experienced an increase in the incidence of stunting in 2022. The adverse effects of stunting are not only related to the child's height, it can also cause permanent disability and affect the child's future. To find out the factors associated with the incidence of stunting in toddlers.this research is a quantitative study with an observational analytic design through a cross-sectional approach. The sample is taken by simple random sampling technique. Data processing is in the form of univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results of the data analysis in this study obtained significant results between the incidence of stunting and parenting factors and economic factors. various factors include causing the incidence of stunting in toddlers in West Pasaman Regency, so that family assistance is one of the efforts to prevent stunting incidents.

End-of-Life Experiences Among "Kinless" Older Adults: A Nationwide Register-Based Study.

Background: The population of older adults who are unpartnered and childless (i.e., "kinless") is increasing across the globe, and may be at risk for lower quality end-of-life (EoL) experiences due to lack of family support, assistance, and advocacy. Yet, little research exists on the EoL experiences of "kinless" older adults. Objectives: To document associations between family structure (i.e., presence or absence of partner or child) and intensity of EoL experiences (i.e., visits to medicalized settings before death). Design: The study design is a cross-sectional population-based register study of the population of Denmark. Subjects: Participants include all adults age 60 years and older who died of natural causes in Denmark from 2009 to 2016 (n = 137,599 decedents). Results: "Kinless" older adults (reference = has partner, has child) were the least likely group to visit the hospital (two or more times; odds ratio [OR] = 0.74, confidence interval [CI] = 0.70-0.77), emergency department (one or more times; OR = 0.90, CI = 0.86-0.93), and intensive care unit (one or more times; OR = 0.71, CI = 0.67-0.75) before death. Conclusions: "Kinless" older adults in Denmark were less likely to experience medically intensive care at the EoL. Further research is needed to understand factors associated with this pattern to ensure that all individuals receive high quality EoL care regardless of their family structure and family tie availability.

Characterizing Interventions and Family Assistance of a Nurse Navigation Program in Orofacial Cleft Care.

Characterize the interventions and assistance employed by a cleft nurse navigator (CNN) which have mediated improvement in care equity at our institution. Retrospective study. Academic tertiary care center. Patients presenting with cleft lip and/or cleft palate presenting between August 2020 and August 2021 with exclusions for syndromic diagnosis, Pierre-Robin sequence, late (> 6 months) presentation, and prior cleft surgery at outside institutions. Multidisciplinary cleft nurse navigator program. Family interactions with the CNN by phone, text, and email across the first year of life including feeding support, nasoalveolar molding (NAM) assistance, appointment scheduling, financial assistance, addressing perioperative concerns, and facilitating physician consults. Patient weight and surgical timing were also recorded. Sixty-nine patients were included with a total of 639 interactions between the CNN and families. Scheduling support (30%), addressing perioperative concerns (22%), and feeding support (20%) were the most common interactions. Feeding support and NAM assistance were heavily distributed in the first 3 months of life compared to after 3 months (P < .001). Median age at first contact was 1 week (range: 22 weeks gestation-14 weeks). There was no difference in the proportion of families receiving feeding support, NAM assistance, or scheduling assistance based on insurance status or race (P > .05 for all). Scheduling assistance, addressing perioperative concerns, and feeding support are the predominant methods by which the CNN interacts with and assists families of patients with cleft conditions. CNN service distribution is largely equitable between demographic groups.

A Novel, Divergent Member of the Rhabdoviridae Family Infects Strawberry.

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is the most important berry crop worldwide and viruses pose a constant threat to the industry. In this communication, we describe a novel virus in the family Rhabdoviridae referred to as strawberry virus 3 (StrV-3). The virus does not show significant homology when compared with recognized rhabdoviruses and, therefore, the establishment of a new genus should be considered. A triplex reverse-transcription PCR test was developed and successfully employed in a survey of the National Clonal Germplasm Repository Fragaria collection. A CRISPR-Cas-based protocol was also developed and shown to detect the virus in as little as 1 fg of total RNA, a protocol to be used in the detection of the virus in candidate G1 plants. The strawberry aphid (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii) was evaluated-alas, unsuccessfully-as a potential vector of the virus. This work broadens our understanding of the family Rhabdoviridae and assists in the quest of releasing plant material free of viruses.

Optimizing the Role of Students in Reducing Stunting in North Musi Rawas Regency

North Musi Rawas Regency, based on the results of the 2021 SSGI, is in 5th place for the Regency with the highest stunted toddler prevalence in South Sumatra, which is 28.3%. The results of the situation analysis based on PK21 data show that 12.8% of people there are at high risk of experiencing stunting. One of the efforts that can be made to accelerate the reduction of stunting rates is through university assistance. By the mandate of Presidential Regulation Number 72 of 2021, Musi Rawas University assists in the form of family assistance. This program has carried out by students for one month using counseling and mediation methods. The education provided is in the form of sensitive interventions, including environmental hygiene, using healthy latrines, the importance of clean and healthy water sources, and the importance of parenting patterns in the family. This mentoring activity increased 15% number of visits by toddlers to posyandu, which means that the community is starting to understand the importance of routinely monitoring children's health to prevent stunting

Pendampingan Dukungan Psikososial pada Klien dengan Penyakit Tidak Menular di Wilayah Cilandak Jakarta Selatan

The family is an environment where several people who live together have blood relations, there are ties, obligations, shared responsibilities between those people/individuals. The family is a modern environment that must find its place in a dynamically changing and functioning society. The purpose of this community service activity is the result of research on psychosocial assistance during the pandemic in DKI Jakarta, which is to show the effectiveness of model family assistance on independent psychosocial interventions in the family. The mentoring method uses the results of development analysis with the role of effective mentoring for Health Cadres, Mothers around the Cilandak area, South Jakarta. The results of the assistance found that the importance of the function of family rights for members and all communities as well as identifying risks and forms of social and family support and policies. However, a number of findings indicate that it is impossible for every family to carry out its functions independently. Where the types of psychosocial stressors can come from marriage, parental problems, interpersonal relationships, environment, work, finances, law, developmental tasks, physical illness/injury, family factors, and others. 85% satisfaction of psychosocial assistance intervention was found to experience a decrease in stress to stress adaptation from 38 cases to 14 cases at the end of the first semester, and only 2 cases at the end of the semester. Therefore, MAPAM as a model of psychosocial assistance can be recommended to be used when carrying out assistance to the community.

Peran Pendampingan Kerabat Di Masa Pandemic Covid Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Implementation and transition of learning systems, changes in learning methods due to the Covid-19 pandemic require adaptation of all elements in education. The busyness of parents in working and taking care of the household causes children not to get full guidance. This causes children's activities and children's enthusiasm for learning to be out of control by parents. Parents take the initiative and on the basis of family concerns, relatives as the child's second closest person provide assistance. This study aims to determine the role, positive impact of family assistance in increasing the learning motivation of elementary school-age children in Pekalongan Regency. The chosen research approach is descriptive qualitative research and uses field qualitative research. Data obtained from observation, interviews and documentation. Sources of data come from&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; student,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;family &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;relatives, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;and &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;parents&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presented and concluded. Based on the results of research on the role of accompanying relatives in increasing learning motivation, relatives act as supervisors, role as learners, role as advisors and directors. Furthermore, the positive impact of mentoring is to strengthen brotherhood, children feel cared for, children become enthusiastic about learning, and mentoring/supervision by relatives helps parents&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keyword&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;: covid&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;family assistance&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; learning motivation, elementary school&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; children&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Midwife skill training as a family assistance team in preventing stunting in Tegal City

Stunting is still a health problem that requires attention because it affects physical growth and interferes with children's intelligence. Midwives are one of the personnel who provide oversight to ensure that nutrition and reproductive health education programs continue in the first 2 years of a baby's life, as well as monitoring the growth and development of the baby, which can help prevent stunting. The purpose of this community service is to increase the knowledge and skills of the family assistance team in collecting data and identifying the risk of stunting in Tegal city. The results of the activity show that training on data collection and identification of stunting risks using lecture and practice methods can increase midwives' knowledge in preventing stunting in Tegal City.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Suicidal Behaviour.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Suicidal Behaviour.