Family Archives Research Articles

Home movies, teoria krajobrazu i edukacja filmowa. Studium przypadku z Polskiego Archiwum Filmów Domowych

The article is a preliminary study to further research of home movie archives in the context of representing the landscape of the Anthropocene and identifying the relations between humans and their environment in the manifestations of visual culture. The introductory section explains the choice of home movies as the subject of research. In addition, the context of an anthropological understanding of landscape in Tim Ingold’s concept and its relevance for film studies is presented. The next part of the paper is a case study of the Bełżeccy Family Archive from the Polish Archive of Home Movies project, with particular emphasis on examining the film’s form and style in portraying the landscape. The final part contains conclusions and suggestions for transdisciplinary research paths, connecting the exploration of home movie archives with visual culture studies and natural sciences. The presented reflections are meant to inspire educational activities. There are also six examples of tasks to be modified and elaborated by teachers according to group preferences.

A Feminist Autoethnography of a Family Archive: Affects, Narratives and Practices During Two World Crises: World War II and Covid-19

What happens when we, as researchers, are living through a world crisis such as Covid-19, whilst studying a family epistolary archive produced during World War Two, another world crisis? What epistemological and methodological bridges can be made between the personal experiences of two women (great aunt and great niece) living in two moments of history but who are connected by the process of writing and reading epistolary documents? By conducting a feminist autoethnography of my experience in the Covd-19 pandemic, I reflect upon what it has meant to do feminist historic and archival research of the experience of Trixie Mayer, the first Mexican volunteer to join the Women’s Auxiliary Air Force in Great Britain from 1942 to 1946 and who produced more than 200 personal documents during her war work and afterwards kept them, together with the documents she received form her family in Mexico, for more than 70 years. I analyse how living through a pandemic has helped me understand my great aunt’s crisis experiences from a different perspective, questions, partialities and, at the same time, how these personal and familiar writings have helped me understand and question our current reality and PhD thesis from an alternative perspective.

“...I lived my life” On the 125th anniversary of the birth of the writer A.P. Platonov

In 2006, the family archive of the classic of Russian literature of the twentieth century, A.P. Platonov, was submitted for state storage. The article describes the stages of the scientific research of the extremely rich archive; outlines a wide spectrum of textological and text-source issues in the study of the heritage; presents the main projects and guidelines of the scientific group at the IWL RAS, which is working on the first scientific Collected Works of the writer and its satellite writings.

15 December 1929, “Tying Trees at Robinzon’s”; 16 December 1929, “Unemployed”—A Work Diary (1928–1931) of a Jewish Agricultural Laborer in the Establishment of the Citrus Orchards in Eretz Israel

This article presents a detailed analysis of a unique item from the author’s family archive: the work diary of his grandfather, Mordechai Livnat (Libman). In this diary, Livnat meticulously recorded, between 1928 and 1931, the details of his work as an agricultural laborer in Herzliya—at the time, a small village in the central part of Eretz Israel (aka pre-State Israel)—primarily during the establishment of the new colony’s citrus orchards. The diary documents employment details, employer information, working hours, and wages received. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the information contained in the diary paint a comprehensive picture that allows us to learn about the lives of Jewish agricultural laborers in Eretz Israel at that time. In particular, the hardships faced by these workers stand out, primarily job insecurity, which manifested mainly in their dependence on the weather and the need to work for multiple employers. This article also sheds light on aspects related to agricultural work before the introduction of technological advancements to the agricultural sector, which was mainly manual then, and its impact on the daily routine of the agricultural laborer. The diary is analyzed using an inductive approach—from the text outwards—in a way that emphasizes the complexity and importance of the connections between the macro and micro in historical research. This way, it is demonstrated how items collected during genealogy research can shed important light on historical knowledge, and not just the other way around.

Constitution of the "Kolo" Ensemble and Choreography of Traditional Dance – Anthropological Interpretation and Socio-Political Context

The Ensemble of Folk Dances and Songs of Serbia "Kolo" was founded in 1948 in Belgrade, on the initiative of the Committee for Culture and Art of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. The task of the Ensemble was to artistically interpret and present the so-called folk artistic creativity, which predominantly encompassed various folklore creations of the rural population, on stage, in the country and abroad. Although seemingly simple and folk-oriented, the art of traditional dance choreography has clear ideological and politically important messages of the then state leadership embedded in it foundations, intended to be spread among the Yugoslavs, but also beyond the state borders. The ensemble was supposed to present a desirable and appropriate image of Yugoslavia in its performances. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the formation of the “Kolo” Ensemble and the process of constituting the art of traditional dance choreography, taking into account the socio-political and historical context of the Second Yugoslavia. In addition, the paper approaches the deconstruction of the intention of choreographers and artistic directors, in order to reveal the ideological messages embedded in the artistic expression. The basic assumption in this paper is that dance troupes and traditional dance choreographies are strongly connected to the ideology and cultural policy of the nation-state. In this regard, even when choreographers and artistic directors create programs without direct political-ideological objectives, their decisions always rely on the socio-political context and the dominant ideologies within the state. The theoretical framework of the work is based on contemporary anthropological discussions about the concepts crucial for the interpretation of the material, primarily referring to the concept of ideology, understood in the Althusserian sense, but also to the ideas of the combination of state ideology, cultural policy, and dance with the aim of presenting the dance troupe with a desirable image of the nation-state. The methodology of the work consists of a combination of two approaches: classical anthropological, qualitative and archival research. Qualitative research includes conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 dancers who worked in "Kolo" in different time contexts, while archival research included reviewing the documentation of the "Kolo" Ensemble, the Archives of Yugoslavia and the personal and family archives of the dancers.

Визуальные источники о новой советской обрядности в татарской деревне 1970-х годов

In the 1960s–1970s in the Soviet society, formation of new civil rituals gained relevance. One of the newfound components was family and household (personal family) rituals – ceremonial registration and a wedding. The article reveals the process of introducing a new civil wedding ritual in a Tatar village in the 1970s. The sources include wedding photographs from the family archives of the Nurutdinovs, the Mamatovs, the Khakovs, and the Romazanovs – natives of different regions of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, as well as the author’s field materials collected through in-depth and longitudinal interviews. Wedding photographs represent valuable illustrative material on the problem of the formation of a new “Soviet rituals” in the socio-cultural space of the village, including the destruction of the wedding image and deprivation of its national features and characteristics. They can be considered a multifaceted source upon which the formation of collective memory about the Soviet past is based.

The Great Patriotic War in the Diary Entries of Siberians: the Analysis of Ego-Document Corpus

The purpose of the article is to characterize the documentary stream (DS) of front-line diaries publications of Siberians – participants in the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945). The article shows the place of diaries in source studies and the importance of diary entries for the study of anthropological content and “psychology of war”. It grounds the reasons for the paucity of front-line diaries in comparison with other types of egodocuments (memoirs, letters). For the first time, the documentary stream, consisting of 40 publications of diaries (and about diaries) of Siberians, was identified and completely studied: bibliometric indicators and content characteristics were presented; sites containing full texts of diaries (or their fragments) were identified and their significance was assessed; diaries storage locations were determined.The studied DS provided information about the diaries of 28 Siberians – the ordinary war participants who, for the most part, had civilian professions in the peacetime. An assessment was given to the site “Prozhito”, realizing the project to collect full texts; the need to preserve full texts of diaries was grounded: to identify diaries stored in personal or family archives and transfer them (or copies of them) to state museums and archives; the importance of studying ego-documents about the Great Patriotic War for the goals of education and ­patriotic training was emphasized.

The Czortoryski Princes Cultural Heritage: the Beginnings of the Family History Archive (15–16 centuries)

The Czortoryski princely family representatives held high government positions first in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and then in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural heritage of the family is extremely extensive: from written documents to architectural monuments on the territory of the modern states: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus. The subject of the article is the history of the Czortoryski princes family archive formation during the 15–16th centuries. Having started since the 40s of the 16th century, the number of written documents increased significantly, so we limited the upper chronological limit with 1524, the death year of Semen Oleksandrovych Czortoryski, the representative of the Lithuanian branch. The origin of the family is connected with the name of Prince Kostiantyn, the son of Grand Duke of Lithuania Olgerd or his brother Koriat. His own documentary heritage is not known to us. His descendants, namely Vasyl Kostiantynovych and his sons Ivan, Olexandr and Mykhailo are of great importance for the study of the subject matter in this research. Among the documentary materials studied, we note the first grants of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Kazimierz Jagiellonczyk to Prince Ivan Vasylovych, which are known from later confirmations. This prince left no descendants, and thus it is unlikely that his personal archive has survived. Two other Vasyl Kostiantynovich's sons Olexandr and Mykhailo founded two branches of the family: Lithuanian (Lohoisk/Lohozsk) and Volyn. According to the information from the sources we have found, we can assume that, firstly the family archive dates back to the 40s of the 15th century, when the first source information was recorded, and secondly each family branch kept its family documents separately. Accordingly, two collections were formed: 1) descendants of Oleksandr Vasylovych; 2) descendants of Mykhailo Vasylovych.

Pemeliharaan Dan Pengamanan Arsip Keluarga Melalui Tindakan Alih Media

This Community Service activity is carried out in partnership with the target group, which consists of the mothers of students from the Play Group and Kindergarten of Cahya Hati, located in Mulyoagung Village, Dau District, Malang Regency, East Java. The purpose of this activity is to provide understanding and training to mothers in managing family archives through media conversion. The reason for choosing the target partner is that the mother is the one who manages the daily life of the family. One of them is in managing family documents. Family documents need to be archived to record information and be easily retrieved when needed. The transfer of archival media is carried out with the aim of ensuring the safety of family archives, such as from the dangers of flooding, fire, and other hazards. The community service activities were conducted using methods of lectures, discussions, and simple media transfer training, followed by the storage of family archives resulting from the media transfer actions. The result of this community service activity is that the mothers involved gained experience in transferring family archive media, and then immediately practiced it on their own family documents.

ART OF DIPLOMACY AND POLITICAL SYMBOLISM: FROM THE HISTORY OF GIFTS TO TOP STATE OFFICIALS

Gifts are an integral part of human communication, given and exchanged in various situations and transactions. At the same time, official or state gifts to top officials of the state represent a unique category of gifts. They are primarily of symbolic value, and the giving and exchange of gifts between the parties involved shapes the nature of the relationship that develops between them. Moreover, for centuries, the exchange of gifts between foreign leaders has been a tradition closely associated with the delicate work of international diplomacy. Diplomatic gifts, often formally presented during state or courtesy visits, have the potential to forge closer ties between countries. The article examines the history of one of the integral parts of the protocol practice of each state, a symbol of attention to a distinguished guest – gifts to the first persons of the state during the Soviet period and independent Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis, some features have been identified in the practice of presenting gifts based on certain traditions of a certain historical period. The article contains a previously unpublished interesting episode from the life of an ordinary Soviet citizen while his visiting the exhibition of gifts to top officials of the state, in Moscow in 1950. This excerpt from the letter clearly demonstrates what gifts were given to the heads of the state, as well as what impression they made on ordinary people. The publication of the material became possible owing to the daughter of the author of the letter, who carefully preserved and provided documents from the family archive, a veteran of archiving of the Kazakh SSR and the Republic of Kazakhstan, Elena Mikhailovna Gribanova.

Семейные архивы жителей Луганщины

The article is based on the materials from the family archives of residents of the Luhansk region, digitized as part of the project “Donbas: Family Photo Archive” during the expeditions of 2018–2019. The material (both amateur photographs and studio shots) predominantly dates back to the 1960–80-s, a time of flourishing amateur pho- tography, but chronologically it covers the entire 20th century, including pre-revolutionary photographs and also pictures from the 1990-s. The narrative composition of the photo archives is characterized; special attention is paid to the representation of family life chronicles and the preservation of memories of various significant events, such as weddings (civil registry office registration, newlyweds visiting memorials, wedding celebration participants dressing up, etc.), the birth of a child, the child’s life (in particular, starting school and graduation events), home celebrations of New Year’s Eve and family members’ birthdays, military service (in particular, taking the oath), participation in May Day and November 7th demonstrations, and finally, funerals. Besides, the archives contain photographs of family members, their friends, and relatives (such photographs were customarily given as mementos, as evidenced by inscriptions on the back): photography, in addition to capturing family scenes, had a communicative function. The author also describes a database created on the Daminion platform by himself, which provides the ability to tag uploaded media files and search by key-words. A list of keywords characterizing the subjects of the Donbas photo archive and the number of photographs tagged accordingly is provided.

Польские города как пространство истории в Семейном архиве Бориса Херсонского

This article is focused on the so-called urban texts related to Poland with a special emphasis on the historical and geographical region of Galicia, which covers the territories of Red Ruthenia in Ukraine and Lesser Poland, and on their historical connotations as presented in Boris Khersonsky’s book of poetry Family archive (2006). Khersonsky is a Russian-speaking Ukrainian poet from Odesa, who has been awarded prestigious prizes for his literary work both in Ukraine and abroad. Family archive can be described as a sort of novel in verse about the tragic history of the 20th century told through the family history of the author himself. The main goal of this article is to analyze the specific spatial structure of the book in the context of geopoetics and places of memory with a special accent on Polish cities and towns. This territory is the quintessential locus of historical events connected to Eastern European Jewish heritage and the tragedy of the Holocaust. This paper seeks to reconstruct the image of Poland with all the connotations and cultural myths associated with its multicultural experience.

Afterlives of Ottoman Orphans in Germany during World War I: Microhistorical and Biographical Approaches to Technology, Expertise, and Labor in Turkey

ABSTRACT: This article applies a (micro)biographical approach to the life stories of two Ottoman orphans sent to Germany to receive vocational training during World War I, Ali and İsmail Dağlı. Coupling family archives, oral and visual sources with state documentation, I elaborate on the post-Ottoman afterlives of German know-how, education, and capital in the social and economic history of Turkey. Biographies of Dağlı brothers show that the successors of both empires restored former channels of circulation of expertise, technology, and labor. Especially seen in the context of Jewish emigration, the life and work history of the brothers elucidate the positive reception of their German education, the importance of their position as “cultural intermediaries,” and the extent of Turkish-German business entanglements.

Life Path of Professor Elena Pavlovna Yakovleva (1938–2023)

This essay describes the life path of Professor Elena Pavlovna Yakovleva, a Doctor of Biological Sciences, who headed the Biotechnology Department at the Saint Petersburg Chemical Pharmaceutical Academy from 1993 to 2013. Elena Pavlovna is the author of over 30 inventions, more than 180 publications in leading Russian and international scientific journals, a co-author of the monograph “Regulation of the biosynthesis of biologically active substances,” and the textbook “Biotechnology.” E. P. Yakovleva’s works have been recognized with bronze awards from VDNKh of the USSR. In 2006, Elena Pavlovna Yakovleva was included in the list of top biotechnology experts published in the USA by Marquis Who’s Who magazine. Elena Pavlovna Yakovleva worked at the Saint Petersburg Chemical Pharmaceutical Academy until she was 80 years old. She was a talented scientist, valued and respected by her university colleagues, possessed a gentle character, high intellect, caring attitude towards staff and students, always showed interest in people’s problems, and endeavored to help anyone in need of her support. We would like to express our special gratitude to Maxim Evgenievich Yakovlev, Elena Pavlovna’s grandson, as well as her son and daughter-in-law, for their help in summarizing archival materials provided from the family archive.

Использование мемуаров в рамках преподавания региональной истории в школе

Рассматриваются возможности использования мемуарных текстов жителей Томской области в преподавании региональной истории. Представлена общая характеристика ситуации с учебно-методическим обеспечением преподавания региональной истории. Выявляются преимущества привлечения сборника воспоминаний томичей «Я вам, родные, излагаю быль» в образовательный процесс в школе. Показана информативность представленных в нем мемуаров в изучении отдельных тем по истории. The problems of teaching regional history at school are actively discussed by the pedagogical and scientific community. The article focuses on the possibilities of using memoir texts of residents of the Tomsk region in teaching regional history. The general characteristics of the situation concerning the educational and methodological support of teaching regional history are presented. It is emphasized that a full study of regional history is impossible without referring to the level of the oblast, acting as a link with local history. Considering that there are currently no educational and methodological materials on the history of the Tomsk region, emphasis is placed on historical sources that can be included in the anthology or collection of documents that are an obligatory part of the educational and methodological complex. The collection “I am telling you, my dear ones, a true story” is being considered, in which the memoirs of residents of the Tomsk region are published. The characteristic of the narratives contained in it is given. The advantages of involving the collection into the educational process at school are revealed. The appeal to the collection will help the teacher to demonstrate one of the leading features of modern historical science – interest in the “little man”, which arose in connection with the development of microhistoric approaches in historical research, to show the potential and uniqueness of family archives. It will allow schoolchildren to more seriously comprehend the diversity of the historical and cultural heritage of the Tomsk region. The informative value of the memoirs presented in the collection will be useful in the study of the following sections on the history of Russia: “The Russian Empire in the XIX – early XX centuries” (themes “The Ethno-cultural image of the Empire”, “National-religious features”), “Soviet society in the 1920s-30s” (themes “The USSR in 1929–1941: “Stalinist Socialism”, “Cultural space”), “The Great Patriotic War. 1941–1945”, “The apogee and crisis of the Soviet system. 1945–1991” (theme “Late Stalinism” (1945–1953)).

"My Mother Makes Films to Cope with Her Demons": Confronting Normality

My daughter’s mental health condition had raised several questions about her diagnosis and recovery, and I wanted to make a film about it. I had a rich family archive which I choose to call a ‘record’ of all that was going on around me. In addition, I was carrying my own lived experience and several years of struggle with my daughter’s condition: her hospitalizations and encounters with her doctors and therapists. I was filming her because I didn’t know how else to cope with my situation. I couldn’t watch the 2007 footage that I had shot during her episode until ten years after. I began questioning the ethical reasons for documenting my daughter in that state; I also wanted to investigate the circumstances that led to her diagnosis. Would she have ever been diagnosed if we had continued to live in India? Could the triggers be related to her being the product of a broken home? How can family history of mental illness be controlled? Can the impact of illness be reversed? Is mental illness a reality or is it a construct of society? What is Normal? How can my daughter claim agency in charting strategies for her own wellness? How can she participate effectively in mainstream communities overcoming the stigma and labels? Can art truly be instrumental in coping with mental illness and facilitate the healing process? I could address some of the questions in the film, while others continue to be a driving force in our commitment to advocacy work through film screenings and panels.[1] This has not only proven to be a very empowering experience for both my daughter and myself, but also strengthened our relationship beyond the filial bond – giving us a strong purpose outside of our immediate circle of concern.
 
 [1] You will find on-line links to several panels since the film’s release in 2021.

Avant-Garde Inspirations in the Art of Ukrainian Monumentalists of the 1960-70s:

The purpose of the research is to introduce into scientific circulation the results of documentary reconstruction and art analysis of the lost monumental panel, which was created by a tandem of talented artists in the Palace of Culture of the BilotserkivMAZ plant in Bila Tserkva. The research methods involve a combination of art analysis with methods of documentary reconstruction and interviews with the author of the studied artifacts. Scientific novelty consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of a previously undescribed and destroyed monument of monumental art – a panel in the Palace of Culture of the BilotserkivMAZ plant in Bila Tserkva. For the first time, the stylistics of the execution of an unexplored object of monumental and decorative art were analyzed. Through a personal interview with Oleg Yerzhikivskyi, a direct participant in the process, the circumstances of the order and execution of the work were recorded. For the first time, a photo from a private family archive was made public, and an attempt was made to reconstruct the panels based on individual photos. Conclusions. As a result of the artistic analysis of the work, the ideological inspirations that manifested themselves during the execution of the large-scale panel were established. Despite the isolation of the Soviet artistic environment from world artistic currents, the dosage of information coming from the West was enough for Ukrainian artists to create their own interpretations of seen foreign or banned domestic samples. Sensing this on an intuitive level rather than being in the full context of theoretical and art history discourse, the best representatives of the process managed to create a work of decent quality, the execution of which was financed by the state of that time. Despite the presence of Soviet symbols in the work (as a tribute to the totalitarian system for the opportunity to work in the field of art at all), the monumental panel is made at a high artistic level and is valuable for its innovative approach. As it follows from the results of the research, the effort to adapt samples of Western European art to the realities of the orders of the Art Fund of the Ukrainian SSR was not the least important in this process. This became possible thanks to the high level of specialized art education in higher educational institutions, as well as the personal self-improvement of each author-performer and his personal giftedness. In addition, the mentioned works were created by Ukrainian artists on Ukrainian territory and they are far from glorifying the regime.

Information Technology Supplemented by Artificial Intelligence (AI) Optimizes the Digitization of Family Archives

<p>目的：家庭檔案的建立在家庭醫學科門診是一門重要議題，既可了解家庭對健康的影響，尚可作為住院醫師的訓練，目前鮮少有關數位化資料可資使用。</p> <p>方法：使用關鍵詞 “family archive(s)” OR “family file(s)” OR “家庭檔案”，搜尋PubMed及華藝線上圖書館。使用電腦型號為ASUS筆記型LAPTOP-TSDMU3MP，配備Intel Core i7-1165G7 2.80GHz處理器、32 GB RAM、運行Windows 11、64位元及Microsoft 365軟體之Excel及其VBA，輔以人工智慧(AI)，數位化完成後再使用舊版Excel做測試。</p> <p>結果：大部分資料皆可使用選單式勾選，使用自訂表單做 “功能面板” 的設計，加入不同的功能按鍵配合程式設計，使用起來更友善。可將看診注意事項及重點註記在儲存格附註上，使得在簡潔的小範圍，即可達到最大的空間應用。利用公式，APGAR score可自動計算、自動評估家庭的功能嚴重度且可使用語音。家譜(Pedigree)製作可使用內建模板(templates)直接作修改，且根據填入性別及婚姻狀況自動完成部分圖形。點擊"改名"會自動修改工作表名稱為個案姓名，可自動形成家庭檔案目錄於第一個工作表(“Index”)，點擊工作表名稱（或個案姓名），即自動連到相應的家庭檔案，且可資快速交叉查詢。</p> <p>結論：使用Excel數位化的家庭檔案，可在簡潔小範圍，達到最大空間應用、快速交叉搜尋家人及其他資料、APGAR嚴重度判別、疾病篩檢的自動建議、根據性別及婚姻狀況自動連動部分Pedigree等，具有類似AI的自動判別功能，大大提高在臨床上的應用。再者，本文提及的一些資訊科技設計方法，輔以AI技術，可作為自學或初學程式語言者參考。</p> <p> </p><p>Objectives: Family archives play a crucial role in the practice of family medicine as they not only help physicians examine the influence of family health history on patients but also serve as effective training materials for family medicine residents. However, access to digitalized family archives has remained limited.</p> <p>Methods: "Family archive(s)" OR "family file(s)" were adopted as keywords to search related papers in PubMed and Airiti Library, using ASUS notebook LAPTOP-TSDMU3MP, equipped with Intel Core i7-1165G7 2.80GHz processor, 32GB RAM, running Windows 11, 64-bit, and Microsoft 365 software’s Excel VBA supplemented by artificial intelligence (AI). The old version of Excel was used to conduct post-digitalization tests.</p> <p>Results: Most of the data can be selected using menus after design and subsequent optimization. The "function panel" can be used to design a tailored User Form, and different function keys can be programmed to enhance user friendliness. Excel cells are available for transcribing issues requiring attention, helping achieving maximum space efficiency. Formulas are developed, with voice function provided, to automatically calculate the patient’s APGAR score and assess family functions. Pedigree can be drawn and modified directly on built-in templates, and parts of the pedigree diagram can be automatically completed by entering the patient’s sex and marital status. Clicking "Name" will automatically change the worksheet name to that of the patient, forming a family file directory on the first worksheet (Index). Clicking the worksheet name (or the name of the patient) produces the corresponding family file for quick query or modification.</p> <p>Conclusions: The digitalized family archives by Excel, marked with maximum space efficiency, greatly benefits the clinical practice of family physicians by facilitating an array of AI-like automation functions, including quick identification and cross-reference of the patient’s family data and APGAR assessment of family function, automatic pedigree drawing based the patient’s sex and marital status, and even provision of recommendation for disease screening. Furthermore, some of the information technology design methods mentioned in this article, supplemented by AI technology, can also be used as a reference for self-study or for beginners of programming languages.</p> <p> </p>

История рода, отраженная в архивах семей с немецкими корнями

The article is devoted to archives kept in families with German roots. Interest in them is due to the fact that they contribute to the study of the history of everyday life as an individual representative of the genus, and the community as a whole. Archives were created in order to preserve the memory of the history of the family for posterity. The data on tribal and family archives are presented. Five generic and ten family archives have been presented. The composition of the archives is reviewed in the article. The composition of the archives indicates which documents are significant for the family. The archive materials contain interesting information and can be used as a source for studying the history of family-related communities with German ancestry.

Teki Bartynowskiego, czyli Materyały do ikonografii królów, zbroi i wojska polskiego

Bartynowski’s Papers Materyały do ikonografii królów, zbroi i wojska polskiego Władysław Bartynowski was a famous and remarkable numismatist active in Cracow at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century. In fact, he was a collector of various interests. Since early adulthood he used to collect old prints on various topics, including portrayals of famous Polish historical figures, coats of arms, old prints front pages, front page decorative frames etc. In 1882, the collection contained already 4200 units and it was not the end of his activity as a collector. Bartynowski used to work as an antiquar- ian so apart from the prints he owned, many more passed through his hands. He used to purchase them, sell and exchange. After some time, he became very well acquainted with this kind of works. The copies he produced were often so perfect that modern connoisseurs are sometimes unable to distinguish them from their originals. A piece of the collection was donated to the National Museum in Krakow. At the end of his life, Bartynowski decided to publish a collection of prints to serve educational purposes for those who had no access to the originals. To this end, he hired a talented drawer, Karol Wawrosz, who arranged tables of prints redrawn by him or otherwise copied from originals according to their subject. The basis and source for these catalogues were the collections gathered throughout many years as well as Władysław Bartynowski’s knowledge. This is how the work titled “Materyały do ikonografii królów zbroi i wojska polskiego” came into being. It consists of three big files titled Portrayals of kings, Army and Weapons and a notebook titled Materials containing detailed descriptions for tables and drawings. The work was published in print in 1908. It is in black and white, however a part of the volume was extra painted in watercolour by Bronisława Uhmowa, Władysław Bartynowski’s daughter, which add to the beauty of this work. Currently, the Bartynowski’s Files are available in a few libraries but only the black and white version. The paper presents the files in colour based on the copy from the family archive. Individual boards from these files, including the coloured ones, are sometimes to be found in antiquarian bookshops. Unfortunately, due to the lack of proper information on individual pages, they are commonly called the Wawrosz Files.