Families In Iran Research Articles

Predictors of Delinquency among Adolescents of Divorced Families

Although delinquency is universal, few studies examined it from an Asian perspective, and even fewer considered adolescents of divorced families in Iran. The current study examined whether correlates of delinquency among western adolescents are similarly effective for predicting delinquency among adolescents from divorced families in the Mashhad city in Iran. Post-divorce parental conflict, maternal distress, economic hardship and parent-child relationship were regressed against delinquency. The parent-child relationship was the strongest significant predictor of self-reported delinquency.

The Socioeconomic Status of Street Children in Iran: A Systematic Review on Studies over a Recent Decade

To document the socioeconomic situation of street children in Iran and to ascertain the part played by this in becoming a street child, we classified and evaluated studies on this issue from the recent decade according to their strengths and weaknesses. The results will be helpful in policy‐making and planning for this group. The study employed a systematic review methodology, searching Iranian and international databases, and many universities and related organisations in Iran. After the quality of studies had been evaluated by three researchers, the findings of 40 research studies were classified, described and analysed. The research finds that street children in Iran come from crowded, low‐income families; many of them were rural–urban migrants and Afghans with families who immigrated to Iran; most of their parents had a lower than high school education and many of their fathers were unemployed or had low‐income jobs; the majority of these children were unskilled workers who would work many hours of the day for negligible incomes. We conclude that low socioeconomic status was prevalent among the street children's families in Iran and seems to be an important factor in the street‐connectedness of the children.

Review of The Baha’is of Iran: Socio-Historical Studies edited by Dominic P. Brookshaw and Seena Fazel

The Baha'is of Iran: Socio-Historical Studies. Edited by Dominic P. Brookshaw and Seena Fazel. London: Routledge (Routledge Advances in Middle East and Islamic Studies), 2008, xv + 283 pp.Despite the fact that, since its inception in the mid-nineteenth century, the Baha i Faith has been the largest religious minority in Iran, and despite the significant role that members of this community have played in important fields in modern Iranian history (such as education, health, women's advancement, and so on), the historiography on modern Iran, up to a decade ago, was devoid of any serious and thorough study of this community. The main reason for this academic abnormality has been the fact that no Iranian regime or government ever recognized the Baha'i Faith, because recognizing it would mean acknowledging that the same God who sent previous prophets (among whom are Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad) has sent a new prophet. This, in itself, would practically mean pulling down one of the main pillars of the Islamic religion, namely that the Prophet Muhammad is the Seal of the Prophets.Furthermore, for the Shi a (who have comprised the vast majority of the Iranian people since the Safavid period, in the sixteenth century) and especially the Shi'i clerical establishment, it would have meant acknowledging that God has sent down a new order in which there is no necessity for clerics. It is due to this main reason that anything related to the Baha i Faith or to Baha is has become taboo in Iran, and this, obviously, includes any study that sheds light on any constructive and positive role the Baha'is have played in Iran. One should, therefore, welcome this book, which is one of the more serious attempts not only to shed new light on the Baha i community in Iran, but also to analyze its role in the development of modern Iran.The book in question is a collection of eleven articles. The articles concern the latter Qajar, the Pahlavi, and the Islamic Republic periods. Thematically, they concern a range of subjects such as the conversion of other religious minorities in Iran to the Baha'i Faith; Baha'i ideas on, and the role of Baha is in, the promotion of the status of women, the advent of modern education, health, and constitutionalism; the persecution of the Baha is in Iran; and secular and Islamist anti-Baha i discourse in Iran.Apart from converts from the majority Shi'i population in Iran, converts to the Bahai Faith also came from the other two recognized religions. Mehrdad Amanat and Fereydun Vahman, in their articles, try to analyze the reasons that brought Jews and Zoroastrians, respectively-namely, members of two recognized and protected minorities in Iran-to convert to a new religion which not only was not officially recognized by the state and the Shi'i clerical establishment, but which also came out of Shi'i Islam and which had been persecuted in Iran during most of its history since its inception.According to Mehrdad Amanat, the main reasons Iranian Jews converted to the Baha i Faith seemed to be their messianic expectations coupled with the belief that their own religion did not provide the means to meet the challenges posed by the modern world. For those Jewish converts, the Baha i Faith seemed to meet those expectations and challenges. Messianic expectations as a reason explaining conversion to the Baha i Faith seems not to have been limited only to Iranian Jews, but as Vahman explains, also applied to Iranian Zoroastrians. Also, coming from an Iranocentric religion, members of the Zoroastrian community in Iran were attracted to the Baha i Faith because of its Iranian character (that is, its use of Persian as a sacred language alongside Arabic; the adoption of Naw-Ruz, the Iranian New Year, as the Baha i New Year as well; Iran being the birth place of the religion; and so on).Each of the next four articles in the book concerns Baha i perspectives and roles in a major field. The first article in this group could fit into the field of gender studies; in it the author, Dominic Brookshaw (who is also one of the co-editors of the book), surveys some 250 letters sent between 1870 to 1921 by Baha'u'llah and Abdu'1-Baha to Baha'i women from prominent Baha'i families in Iran and India. …

P02-91 Epidemiologic investigation of depression, anxiety, stress among Iranian couples: A life cycle perspective

The aim of this study was examining the relationship between demographic variables and epidemiology of depression, anxiety, and stress among 300 Iranian couples (600 individuals). Mean age of sample was 40 (SD: 12.5), using Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS) and demographic variables questionnaire. Results of this study show highest rate of stress among women who were in child rearing years. Also highest depression was among men who their wives’ have job. One explanation for these results may be that every life cycle stage, has specific problems and stressors. Several studies use the family life cycle approach of grouping a cross-sectional sample into four or five categories that correspond roughly to stages of family development. Most of these studies report U-shaped pattern in which marital happiness in highest during the honey moon stage, lowest when the children are school age or teens, and higher when the children are older or gone (Rollins & Feldman, 1970). These findings consistent with our results. That is increased stress among mothers might be increased responsibility of mothers in child caring. This research found no stress among fathers in child rearing years. One explanation may because of traditional form of families in Iran. That is males have no companionship with women for child caring. Also this research show that the greater depression in wives’, the higher anxiety in husbands’. This might be due to when the wives were depressed, husbands anxiety increase in the light of receive any emotional support from their wives’.

Weight-for-height of children in Iran

Weight and height data were obtained from the 1990-1992 National Health Survey, a random cluster sample survey of 1 in 1000 families in Iran. Weight-for-height centiles of children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 in Tehran have been computed from relationships between weight for age and height for age Z-scores. The resulting centiles are compared to weight-for-height centiles based on BMI (weight/height2) charts. Investigation of the data points age by age revealed that there are very few observations between the two sets of 3rd and 97th centiles, so that the normal range of BMI for age is effectively equivalent to the normal range of weight-for-height by age. Further analysis shows that BMI charts based on the subset of children living in urban Tehran may be reliably used for all children in Iran to determine the normal range of weight-for-height except for short children aged 2 to 5 for whom a table of the upper centiles is given.

The relationship of income and consumption of modern goods to fertility: a study of working class families in Iran.

SummaryThis paper examines the effects of income and consumption of modern goods on fertility level and contraceptive practice among working class families in three Iranian cities. A j-shaped relationship is found between fertility and income after controlling for other variables. Expectation about future changes in income does not have any significant effect on the number of children ever born, but those who expect an increase in their income in the near future are more likely to be currently using contraception. Consumption of modern goods is positively related to fertility level and does not have any significant effect on contraceptive practice.

Hemoglobin J Paris (<i>α</i>12 Alanine→Aspartic Acid) in Two Iranian Families

Hemoglobin J Paris ( α 12 Ala→Asp) was found in 2 unrelated families in Iran during a survey among hospitalized patients. No erythrocytosis or leukocytosis were present in the heteroz