Familiar Operations Research Articles

A Familiar Working Environment Influences Surgeon's Stress in the Operating Room: A Multi-Specialty Prospective Cohort Study.

To determine the influence of operating room familiarity on surgeon stress. Regulating surgeon stress may improve patient safety. This study evaluated how assisting surgeon and operating room familiarity influence intraoperative heart rate variability among surgeons. Attending surgeons from seven specialties within four university hospitals in France were enrolled from 11/01/20-12/31/21. Vagal tone, an indicator of stress derived from heart rate variability, was assessed during the first five minutes after incision using the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). Higher RMSSD values indicate greater vagal tone. Team familiarity was quantified as the cumulative time the attending and assisting surgeons had operated together in the past, while operating rooms in which the surgeon conducted >10% of their operations were termed familiar. The effect of each on the RMSSD was assessed via a linear mixed-effect model adjusting for the random effect of the surgeon and possible confounders. Overall, 643 surgeries performed by 37 surgeons were included. Median surgeon age was 49 years, 29(78.4%) were male, and 22(59.5%) were professors. Surgeons spent an average of 21.2 hours with the assisting surgeon prior to surgery and conducted 585(91.0%) of their operations in a familiar operating room. For every 10 additional hours spent operating together, ln(RMSSD) significantly increased by 0.018 (95%CI: 0.003 to 0.033, P=0.016). Familiar operating rooms also tended to increase surgeon ln(RMSSD) [0.098 (95%CI: -0.007 to 0.203, P=0.068)]. Familiar assisting surgeons, and potentially operating rooms, increased surgeon vagal tone. Maintaining a stable operating room environment may improve surgeon stress and patient care.

Some operators of fractional calculus and their applications regarding various complex functions analytic in certain domains

Abstract. In this academic research note, some familiar operators prearranged by fractional-order calculus will first be introduced and various characteristic properties of those operators will next be propounded. Through the instrumentality of various earlier results associating with both those operators and some complex- exponential forms, and also in the light of certain special information in [1], [20], [17] and [38], an extensive result together with a variety of its implications consisting of several exponential type inequalities will then be determined. A number of its possible implications will extra be pointed out. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 26A33, 30A10, 34A40, 35A30, 41A58, 30C45, 30C55, 30C80, 33D15, 26E05, 33E20. Keywords: Complex plane, domains, regular functions, complex exponential, series expansions, fractional calculus, operators of fractional calculus, exponential type inequalities, differential inequalities.

Deterministic fuzzy two-dimensional on-line tessellation automata and their languages

The main work of this paper is to extend deterministic two-dimensional on-line tessellation automata (D2OTAs) to the fuzzy setting. We call these new automata models deterministic fuzzy two-dimensional on-line tessellation automata (DF2OTAs) and focus on some of their properties. Concretely, we firstly give the definitions of DF2OTAs and the fuzzy picture languages recognized by them. Next, the closure properties of the collection of fuzzy picture languages recognized by DF2OTAs are concentrated on under some familiar operations. The decomposition theorem, the representation theorem and the Pumping lemma, which are studied in the theory of fuzzy string automata and the related languages, are also considered scrupulously in the framework of DF2OTAs and their languages. Then, we put forward the concepts of transition-accessible DF2OTAs and state-accessible DF2OTAs, and conclude that transition-accessible DF2OTAs are special state-accessible DF2OTAs and DF2OTAs are equivalent to state-accessible DF2OTAs. Finally, state reduction relations on state-accessible DF2OTAs are defined to study the problem of the state reduction of DF2OTAs. Given a state-accessible DF2OTA A, in order to construct the factor DF2OTA of A with respect to a state reduction relation on A such that this factor one is equivalent to A and possesses a fewer states, we design a polynomial-time algorithm to compute the largest state reduction relation and then construct the corresponding factor automaton.

Transient rotating three-dimensional flow of micropolar fluid induced by Riga plate: Finite element approach

This study assessed the boundary layer flow of micropolar fluid induced by the Riga plate. The significance of the flow is conducted from a rotating frame of perspective to produce consistency for enhanced thermodynamics across the Riga plate for fluid flow. The Riga plate is a familiar operator consisting of stably deployed magnetic and electrostatic elements that produce Lorentz force in an alternative way that substantially reduces with distance from the Riga plate. The unsteady, partially differentiated, three-dimensional expressions are reduced to two impartial dimensions ( τ , η ) . For steady-state responses, ( τ = 1 ) , Glerikin quantization is performed with MATLAB software for finite element simulation. For the resulting set of transformed equations, approximative series remedies are attained as convergent. The fluid temperature increased as a result of the rotational parameter, the Hartmann number, and the unstable parameter. The modifications to the Hartmann number ( M h ) and the material parameter ( Λ ) decelerate the primary flow velocity in the boundary layer region, while the secondary flow velocity accelerates. The greater modified Hartmann number ( M h ) and material parameters have a decreasing impact on the skin friction in the primary direction and an increasing impact on the magnitude of the coefficient in the secondary direction. An excellent agreement between the ongoing and previously existing results establishes the validity of the current findings.

"Interstellar Wanderers:" Digital Support for Teaching Place Value Within the Activity Approach Framework.

The majority of mistakes students make while using "well-learned" decimal counting, can be attributed to their miscomprehension of the structure and arrangement of the "positional" numeral system. Digital support may merely serve an illustrative and training function, or it may provide the special environment for locating the problem of positional counting as a part of meaningful actions by the students. Following the Activity approach, we aimed to scaffold the students' own learning actions, in such a way as to reveal the origin of the multi-digit number concept. Thus, we used counting in other-base systems as a way for students to reconsider the reasoning behind familiar operations in the most common base-ten system. The purpose of this paper is to present the approach to computer support which we have designed, based on our analysis of the activity content related to the multi-digit number concept, and to discuss some preliminary results of the first training series. The approach to educational environment design developed within the Learning Activity theory defines the ways in which a computer becomes essential. The computer should provide a transparent interface which allows students to perform transformations with objects which will react accordingly. The additional opportunities to perform concept-mediated orientation procedures should also be scaffolded by digital means. For the purposes of our study, the computer-based educational module "Interstellar wanderers" was designed. Four groups of students from 2nd to 5th grade (8-12 years of age, 20 children in total) participated in the experimental computer-based lessons (over 30 hours); classroom observations, videotaped discussions, and logs of students' individual work in the computer simulation were used for analysis. The preliminary results of the experimental teaching showed that the computer support which we developed may scaffold students' progress toward acquisition of the multi-digit number concept through a reflective re-thinking of the well-learned decimal system. Yet further research is needed to get a quantitative analysis of students' performance. The general principles of computer support design based on the Activity approach in education (Galperin, Davydov, & Talyzina) demand a thorough analysis of the origin of the concept being studied, as well as the design of appropriate content and means of students' actions and corresponding contexts and tasks. The digital means which we designed to support students' learning activity, are in demand and bring promising results.

A remark on quantum Hochschild homology

Beliakova-Putyra-Wehrli studied various kinds of traces, in relation to annular Khovanov homology. In particular, to a graded algebra and a graded bimodule over it, they associate a quantum Hochschild homology of the algebra with coefficients in the bimodule, and use this to obtain a deformation of the annular Khovanov homology of a link. A spectral refinement of the resulting invariant was recently given by Akhmechet-Krushkal-Willis. In this short note we observe that quantum Hochschild homology is a composition of two familiar operations, and give a short proof that it gives an invariant of annular links, in some generality. Much of this is implicit in Beliakova-Putyra-Wehrli's work.

Establishing a blockchain online travel agency with a human–computer interaction perspective

以人机交互视角建立区块链在线旅行社研究目的本研究旨在在线旅行社 (B-OTA) 的设计中融入创新技术（即区块链）。通过专家访谈了解了区块链旅行的方便性和用户打造的住宿平台, 从而加快了原型系统设计。我们进一步通过可用性测试验证原型系统设计并提高其参考能力。研究设计/方法/途径进行了 B-OTA 的快速原型设计通过德尔菲法和文献汇编。设计验证可用性测试是使用修改后的系统评估进行的方法。通过收集受试者的建议对原型系统进行改进。研究发现本研究将有助于B-OTAs及相关领域的发展技术。通过可用性测试, 我们验证了创建一个熟悉的用户的操作环境可以减少用户对陌生技术的恐惧。我们的研究结果为未来的 B-OTA 研究人员和从业者提供了设计相关的指南。研究原创性/价值除了使用的区块链相关技术之外, 很少有研究报告了 B-OTA 的经验和界面设计。这项研究指出, 正如许多 HCI 相关论文所指出的, 成功的界面设计基本的先决条件是在使用过程中更清晰地定义用户需求。用户体验和用户界面设计应该提供良好的用户体验。

Fourth-grade students’ sensemaking during multi-step problem solving

The purpose of this study was to investigate fourth-grade students’ sensemaking of a word problem. Sensemaking occurs when students connect their understanding of situations with existing knowledge. We investigated students’ sensemaking through inductive task analysis of their strategies and solutions to a problem that involved determining the difference between two quantities and number of groups within the task. This analysis provided useful themes about students’ strategy use across the sensemaking domains. Students exhibited three levels of sensemaking and many different strategies for solving the problem. Some strategies were more helpful to students in achieving a correct result to the problem. Findings suggest that sensemaking about problems involving differences and number of groups is difficult for many fourth-grade students. Among students who did make sense of the problem, those who used efficient strategies with more familiar operations tended to do better than those who used less efficient strategies or algorithms.

Performance Analysis Internet of Things Based on Sensor and Data Analytics

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative development. Sensors are known in scientific science as a prospective field. IoT sensors are used successfully to develop an intelligent world in different IoT implementations. To make a familiar operating image, ubiquitous sensing abilities provide shared knowledge. IoT systems can fail if one of the sensors stops working due to any failure, which causes serious living problems to some families. Thus, the problem consists of predicting when the subsequent loss will occur. A two-phase approach is proposed. First, an exploration of the provided data will take place. The purpose of such analysis is threefold: (1) to get familiar with the data, (2) to assess the quality of data and decide which methodology to employ accordingly, (3) to determine the features of interest. This research will serve as the basis for further theoretical work in the same field in the prospect. Analyzing these sensor-derived data is an important task that can find valuable latent information in addition to the data itself. Since the Internet of Things includes some sensors, the measurement data obtained by these sensors are multi-type data, often including information from the time series. Depending on the configuration flow rate, vibration, impeller speed, and even temperature, the sensors with solid correlation can be closely correlated with some delay involved. Data ranges investigation was done before correlation check. Results indicate that our procedure is accurate for the machine's regular, damaged, and recovering state.

Affleck-Dine baryogenesis with observable neutron-antineutron oscillation

We discuss the implications of Affleck-Dine (AD) baryogenesis for different classes of baryon and lepton number violating processes: specially focussing on implications for neutron-anti-neutron ($n-\bar{n}$) oscillation. The class of AD baryogenesis scenarios we work with uses the AD field also as the inflaton which is nonminimally coupled to gravity. We find that adequate baryogenesis and no washout by the baryon number ($B$) or the lepton number ($L$) violating operators implies constraints on the observability of the process or in the case of neutrino mass with compatibility with neutrino oscillation observations. In particular, for $n-\bar{n}$ oscillation, we study some of the familiar operators that connect the AD field to $n-\bar{n}$ oscillation and find that a split scalar spectrum model turns out to be most advantageous for obtaining an observable $n-\bar{n}$ while remaining consistent with AD baryogenesis. It is interesting that this spectrum is similar to a non-supersymmetyric SO(10) model for observable $n-\bar{n}$ oscillation discussed before, suggesting that this AD scenario can be embedded into a grand unified SO(10) model. We also find that for a low scale (all scales in the 100 TeV range), there is a narrow range of parameters where the observable $n-\bar{n}$ oscillation is compatible with viable AD baryogenesis. A feature of this baryogenesis scenario for $n-\bar{n}$ oscillation is that it necessarily predicts processes with $\Delta B=4$ or higher, all be it with highly suppressed amplitudes.

Novel improved fractional operators and their scientific applications

The motivation of this research is to introduce some new fractional operators called “the improved fractional (IF) operators”. The originality of these fractional operators comes from the fact that they repeat the method on general forms of conformable integration and differentiation rather than on the traditional ones. Hence the convolution kernels correlating with the IF operators are served in conformable abstract forms. This extends the scientific application scope of their fractional calculus. Also, some results are acquired to guarantee that the IF operators have advantages analogous to the familiar fractional integral and differential operators. To unveil the inverse and composition properties of the IF operators, certain function spaces with their characterizations are presented and analyzed. Moreover, it is remarkable that the IF operators generalize some fractional and conformable operators proposed in abundant preceding works. As scientific applications, the resistor–capacitor electrical circuits are analyzed under some IF operators. In the case of constant and periodic sources, this results in novel voltage forms. In addition, the overall influence of the IF operators on voltage behavior is graphically simulated for certain selected fractional and conformable parameter values. From the standpoint of computation, the usage of new IF operators is not limited to electrical circuits; they could also be useful in solving scientific or engineering problems.

Investigating Combinatorial Provers’ Reasoning about Multiplication

Combinatorial proof is an important topic both for combinatorics education and proof education researchers, but relatively little has been studied about the teaching and learning of combinatorial proof. In this paper, we focus on one specific phenomenon that emerged during interviews with mathematicians and students who were experienced provers as they discussed and engaged in combinatorial proof. In particular, participants used a wide variety of cognitive models to interpret multiplication by a constant when reasoning about binomial identities, some of which seemed to be more (or less) effective in helping produce a combinatorial proof. We present these cognitive models and describe episodes that illustrate implications of these cognitive models for our participants’ work on proving binomial identities. Our findings both inform research on combinatorial proof and highlight the importance of understanding subtleties of the familiar operation of multiplication.

Generic Sequences and the Generic Tonnetz

This article employs concepts from diatonic set theory, transformation theory, and neo-Riemannian theory in an investigation of sequences in generic (mod-7) pitch space. Sequences may be described using generic transposition operators, mod-7 analogs of the more familiar mod-12 chromatic transposition operators, and may be mapped in a generic Tonnetz analogous to the Tonnetz diagrams of neo-Riemannian theory. A complete classification of generic sequences with two-chord transposition blocks is derived from the paths described by the sequences in the Tonnetz. While it is tempting to regard generic space as “diatonic,” the examples demonstrate that generic structure governs many sequences that are not actually diatonic at all. The examples also show that the sequences found in the literature include many more types than are widely recognized and that generic sequence structure may apply in numerous other contexts besides patterns of chord roots.

Globalizing Race: Antisemitism and empire in French and European culture by Dorian Bell

Reviewed by: Globalizing Race: Antisemitism and empire in French and European culture by Dorian Bell Raul Cârstocea Globalizing Race: Antisemitism and empire in French and European culture By Dorian Bell. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 2018. Dorian Bell’s Globalizing Race: Antisemitism and empire in French and European culture has all the ingredients of an important book: an intricate yet fresh conceptual framework—drawing both on extensive primary research and a vast range of theoretical approaches to antisemitism, racism and imperialism—, premises that bring to the fore a past that appears particularly salient in today’s Europe, and a compelling narrative delivered in elegant prose that renders the book a very engaging read. The book further accomplishes that rare feat of historical scholarship: despite a narrow focus on a limited corpus of French literature, newspapers and antisemitic pamphlets dating from the last decades of the nineteenth century, the breadth of its scope is impressive, as the narrative core expands in multiple directions, crossing geographical, conceptual and disciplinary boundaries. At the intersection between intellectual / cultural history and critical race theory, with valuable inputs from studies of nationalism, empire and post-colonial theory, it offers a story that illuminates the relationship between antisemitism and imperialism in its late nineteenth-century French context while simultaneously drawing attention to the role of modern antisemitism in producing global imaginaries of race. Central to the narrative is the concept of racial scalarity, a welcome addition to the interpretive frameworks deployed for understanding modern antisemitism and its political, social and cultural functions. Defined as “the tendency of racializing logics to change scales in an effort to resolve contradictions internal to the logics themselves” (9), similar to the “spatial fix” of capital in its imperial expansion,1 the concept is meant not only to denote the familiar operation of race in its motion between different scales (national and global, to which one could add “imperial” as an intermediate, not-quite-global and more-than-national one), but “to pose the question of how race has subtended the development of scale itself” (10). In a reading inspired by Marxist theory and critical geography, antisemitism is thus seen to have enabled the very production of scale, as Jews “offered a ready-made metaphor for capital’s growing dialecticization of the local and global” (28) and “Jewishness became a conceptual currency not only for constructing the national and global scales important to imperial capitalism but also for elaborating the necessary dialectic between them” (83). This, according to Bell, more than notions of “world conspiracy” or its global deployment through imperial expansion, is how “race became most thoroughly global as a tool—perhaps the chief tool—for constructing and negotiating scale in the era of late imperial capital,” epitomised by modern antisemitism, as the racism “most historically and organically suited to the scalar task at hand” (21). The concept of race remains however elusive throughout the book, as the author collapses its multiple meanings, from a legal instrument facilitating colonial hierarchies through “a principle of social organization” (78) to biological notions of immutable difference (as well as the very important passage from one to the other), into a capacious notion that ends up signifying little more than alterity, whose fine gradient allowing both contingently determined associations and distinctions between Jews and other racialised groups is obscured in the process. The story of the entanglements of antisemitism and empire includes an interesting operationalisation of Arendt’s famous “boomerang thesis,” which the author—pointing out “its embedment in, and retroactive illumination of, a fraught tradition stretching back to the nineteenth century” (79)—refashions in accordance with the book’s main concept of racial scalarity (Chapter 1). Similar attention is devoted in Chapter 4 to the indebtedness of Horkheimer and Adorno’s account of antisemitism to the “nineteenth-century degeneration theory inverting expectations of steady biological improvement into the teleology of decline” (207) and the related notions of “spatiotemporal reversibility” (210) developed in response to the tension between the twin yet opposing narratives of progress and regression. Whether in the Freudian approach of the latter or in Arendt’s recourse to classical philosophy, the author discerns the challenge posed by the insistent return (or...

Loos symmetric cones

In this paper we consider Loos symmetric spaces on an open cone $$\Omega $$ in the Banach space setting and develop the foundations of a geometric theory based on the (modified) Loos axioms for such cones. In particular we establish exponential and log functions that exhibit many desirable features reminiscent of those of the exponential function from the space of self-adjoint elements to the cone of positive elements in a unital $$C^*$$ -algebra. We also show that the Thompson metric arises as the distance function for a natural Finsler structure on $$\Omega $$ and its minimal geodesics agree with the geodesics of the spray arising from the Loos structure. We close by showing that some familiar operator inequalities can be derived in this very general setting using the differential and metric geometry of the cone.

\u0394-algebra and scattering amplitudes

In this paper we study an algebra that naturally combines two familiar operations in scattering amplitudes: computations of volumes of polytopes using triangulations and constructions of canonical forms from products of smaller ones. We mainly concentrate on the case of G(2, n) as it controls both general MHV leading singularities and CHY integrands for a variety of theories. This commutative algebra has also appeared in the study of configuration spaces and we called it the Δ-algebra. As a natural application, we generalize the well-known square move. This allows us to generate infinite families of new moves between non-planar on-shell diagrams. We call them sphere moves. Using the Δ-algebra we derive familiar results, such as the KK and BCJ relations, and prove novel formulas for higher-order relations. Finally, we comment on generalizations to G(k, n).

Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem for domain-wall fermion Dirac operator

Recently, the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer(APS) index theorem attracts attention for understanding physics on the surface of materials in topological phases. Although it is widely applied to physics, the mathematical set-up in the original APS index theorem is too abstract and general (allowing non-trivial metric and so on) and also the connection between the APS boundary condition and the physical boundary condition on the surface of topological material is unclear. For this reason, in contrast to the Atiyah-Singer index theorem, derivation of the APS index theorem in physics language is still missing. In this talk, we attempt to reformulate the APS index in a "physicist-friendly" way, similar to the Fujikawa method on closed manifolds, for our familiar domain-wall fermion Dirac operator in a flat Euclidean space. We find that the APS index is naturally embedded in the determinant of domain-wall fermions, representing the so-called anomaly descent equations.

RTensor: An R Package for Multidimensional Array (Tensor) Unfolding, Multiplication, and Decomposition

rTensor is an R package designed to provide a common set of operations and decompositions for multidimensional arrays (tensors). We provide an S4 class that wraps around the base 'array' class and overloads familiar operations to users of 'array', and we provide additional functionality for tensor operations that are becoming more relevant in recent literature. We also provide a general unfolding operation, for which the k-mode unfolding and the matrix vectorization are special cases of. Finally, package rTensor implements common tensor decompositions such as canonical polyadic decomposition, Tucker decomposition, multilinear principal component analysis, t-singular value decomposition, as well as related matrix-based algorithms such as generalized low rank approximation of matrices and popular value decomposition.

Multisensory Tristram Shandy

An absorbed reader typically pays little conscious attention to the visual, tactile, and sometimes aural sensory experiences of reading. Unexpected formal and visual features of Laurence Sterne's nine-volume fictional narrative, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, startle readers out of absorption and call attention to familiar operations like decoding black figures on white paper and turning pages. My edition of Volume I is designed to engage the senses through its visual structure, textures, and unexpected materials (buttons, marbled paper strips, and ribbons) and through formal surprises (interpolated documents, accordion-fold inserts, and paper lace). In its structure and materials, this edition highlights the odd formal features of Sterne's novel and the cognitive work that the narrator requires of earnest and industrious readers.

Nietzsche’s Ausgang: Dissolution and Identity in the Cinema of Lars von Trier

Focussing on The Idiots as emblematic of the Dogme Manifesto, we argue that there exists a significant binding connection with Nietzsche’s thought and a pastiche of literary, filmic and surrealist modalities and themes. We intersect our analysis with an exploration of related themes found in Breaking the Waves (1996), Dancer in the Dark (2000), Dogville (2003) Manderlay (2005), and AntiChrist (2010). Drawing on ideas from European schools of thought, particularly from French postmodernism and German critical theory, our article suggests reasons for and examines the intense reactions to the film. Arguably these reactions have more to do with the way the film celebrates something in buffoonery, revealing a constituent part of existence, an absence, about which people wish to remain in ignorance. The Idiots rebels against the familiar irrationality operating in structural rationality by abandoning common standards of decency and civility. We conclude by suggesting that there is a redemptive quality in the cinema of Lars von Trier that represents a questioning of, and a radical opposition to, the limits of desiring production and the restrictive structure of normative subjectivity.