Familiar Kind Research Articles

Analysis On Deep Learning Approaches For Timely Detection Of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is mainly a familiar kind of arthritis when an elastic tissue named Cartilage that softens the tops of the bones, cracks down. The Person with osteoarthritis can encompass joint pain, inflexibility, or inflammation and there is no particular examination for osteoarthritis and physicians take the amalgamation of both medical cum clinical record and X-rays imaging analysis to make a diagnosis of the state. Osteoarthritis is generally only detected following ache and bone scratch and in advance, analysis could permit for ultimate involvement to avoid cartilage worsening and bone injury. Through machine-learning algorithms, the system can be trained to automatically distinguish among people who would develop osteoarthritis and persons who would not with the detection of exact biochemical variances in the midpoint of the knee’s cartilage. The outcome of the Machine learning Techniques will give the persons who are pre-symptomatic by the occasion of the baseline imaging and also the reduction in liquid concentration. In this study, we present the analysis of various deep learning techniques for timely detection of osteoarthritis disease. Several subsets of machine learning called deep learning techniques have been in use for the timely detection of osteoarthritis disease; and therefore analysis is needed highly to choose the best as far as accuracy and reliability are concerned.

Thoughts on “Dual Narrative Dynamics”

Thoughts on “Dual Narrative Dynamics”

Introduction: Some Practical And Ethical Considerations For Integrating Digital Humanities And Music Pedagogy

Introduction:Some Practical And Ethical Considerations For Integrating Digital Humanities And Music Pedagogy Francesca Giannetti (bio) The recital flyer of clarinetist and Stony Brook graduate student Kathryn Vetter went semi-viral on Twitter. In it, one sees her serene smile while posing with her instrument, across which the title appears: "A Celebration of Men Composers."1 Further down in the thread, like a good student of race and gender theory, she expertly deploys a familiar kind of trope when she claims that she "[doesn't] usually like music by men, but there's something different about [this white man's] music!"2 What is jarring, and consequently funny about her social media post relates to a problem music catalogers are well aware of, and which Sanford Berman described fifty years ago.3 Our ways of referring to people, creators especially, tend to reflect the dominant Western, white, Christian, heterosexual, abled male order. By taking the category descriptor—composers—and appending that unspoken and wholly anomalous adjective, Vetter shows us an effective way of challenging that order and drawing attention to the inaccuracy and obsolescence of its frames. Her whimsical title jolts the familiar ground under our feet and invites reflection on an imaginary time and place in which any number of doors might open and, as a consequence, the world would look quite different. What does this anecdote mean in connection with the subject of our special issue on digital humanities and music pedagogy? Truthfully, digital humanities (DH) has as much of a diversity and discrimination [End Page 503] problem as any other field of scholarly inquiry, but recent shifts in the field have led to an increased focus on structural power dynamics, advocacy, community engagement, recovery, and remediation. Recent works of scholarship like Catherine D'Ignazio and Lauren Klein's Data Feminism and Roopika Risam and Kelly Baker Josephs's forthcoming The Digital Black Atlantic, and projects such as Torn Apart / Separados illustrate the current zeitgeist. Fundamental to this shift is a desire to ensure that the field of DH engages meaningfully with the world and helps to illuminate injustices and alleviate the heightened precarity of our age. Given that many, if not most, DH projects are open access, they occupy a powerful position within the field of scholarly publishing, where preoccupations with canon and prestige need not be paramount. With enough technical and disciplinary skill, digital humanists can imagine and create a different sort of world, one in which infrastructures, systems, and standards are interrogated just as often as they are built and amended. This work frequently starts in the classroom, which brings me to the second part of our topic. If we accept that pedagogy is an important and safe place to debut new ideas and approaches, then what is it about digital culture that we want our students to learn? What do we want to learn? The articles in this issue are wonderfully dissimilar to each other, emphasizing the plurality of choices that are possible in this space. If they share something in common, it may be the goal that students have better options when it comes to the discoverability of sources, and an ability to investigate their research questions from a variety of theoretical and practical orientations. The authors make clear that they want students to take a critical eye to their information landscape, to be able to identify information and research gaps, and, with the requisite motivation and skill, to intervene in those gaps. Also voiced is a desire for less discipline and subject orthodoxy and more collective and collaborative action among librarians and disciplinary faculty. The inevitability of engaging with digital data in modern life adds a pulse of urgency to understanding the intersections of music and digital technology. The ramifications of this work go beyond teaching transferable skills, although these are certainly welcome. Our ethical and professional commitments to ourselves, our colleagues, our students, and our publics require serious engagement with the transformations of digital data into meaning. Timothy Duguid's article begins by asking where we are with the adoption of digital technology and digital humanities research methods, and sees pedagogy as an important site of disciplinary transformation. Through an examination...

Probabilistic truth approximation and fixed points

We use the method of fixed points to describe a form of probabilistic truth approximation which we illustrate by means of three examples. We then contrast this form of probabilistic truth approximation with another, more familiar kind, where no fixed points are used. In probabilistic truth approximation with fixed points the events are dependent on one another, but in the second kind they are independent. The first form exhibits a phenomenon that we call ‘fading origins’, the second one is subject to a phenomenon known as ‘the washing out of the prior’. We explain that the two phenomena may seem very similar, but are in fact quite different.

Comment on Susanna Siegel, The Rationality of Perception

AbstractIn Susanna Siegel’s compelling presentation of the case for the rationality of perception, a “significant part of the constructive defense” is played by the idea that there are “inferential routes to perceptual experience” (Siegel 2017, p. 94). Inferences, after all, are epistemically evaluable and bear on the rational standing of their conclusions. She argues that an obstacle to accepting this idea is a “Reckoning Model” of inference, and shows by example that we recognize as inferences various familiar kinds of responses to information that do not fit this model. She offers a more general approach to the nature of inference that fits these examples and accommodates inferential routes to perceptual experience. I argue that Siegel needs to say more about the mental processes involved in such inferrings, and how it can be more than merely associative and yet still distinct from Reckoning. Fortunately, a psychologically‐ and conceptually‐grounded distinction between model‐free vs. model‐based learning and guidance processes can provide a characterization that plays the role Siegel needs.

Binary driver-customer familiarity in service routing

With a growing number of services provided at or to a customer’s home, the familiarity of the service provider, or driver, with the customer’s location is increasingly important. One prominent example is retail distribution, where familiarity with the delivery location can save the driver time. In contrast to other kinds of familiarity (e.g., tasks, customer needs) that continually increase with a larger number of repetitions, location familiarity is primarily established with a driver’s first visit. Thus, familiarity results from operational routing decisions. However, as we show in this paper, there is potential value in considering the tactical value of familiarity and its development over a longer horizon. To this end, we develop and solve a tactical model to specify the long-term implications of improved driver-customer familiarity, introducing a solution methodology for the stochastic and dynamic multi-period routing problem with driver-customer familiarity. Our methodology utilizes a policy that explicitly invests in the familiarity between selected driver-customer pairs, encouraging the development of pairs that are tactically beneficial. We determine the appropriate investment dimensions for each pair, considering which locations a driver has visited and how many drivers have visited a location. We show that under the problem conditions tested this investment policy leads to a reduction in cost compared to a short term, myopic policy, while increasing the overall level of familiarity between drivers and customers and hedging against driver or customer turnover. We also find that focusing only on routing or on exploiting existing familiarity leads to substantial increases in cost.

From rights to prerogatives

AbstractDeontologists believe in two key exceptions to the duty to promote the good: restrictions forbid us from harming others, and prerogatives permit us not to harm ourselves. How are restrictions and prerogatives related? A promising answer is that they share a source in rights. I argue that prerogatives cannot be grounded in familiar kinds of rights, only in something much stranger: waivable rights against oneself.

Apperception and Pre-Reflective Self-Consciousness in Kant

Kant points to two forms of self-consciousness: the inner sense (empirical apperception) grounded in a sensory form of self-awareness and transcendental apperception. The aim of this paper is to show that a sophisticated notion of basic self-consciousness, which contains a pre-reflective self-consciousness as its first level, is provided by the notion of transcendental apperception. The necessity for a pre-reflective self-consciousness has been pointed out in phenomenological literature. According to this account, every self-ascription of any property implies a more fundamental form of self-consciousness, i.e., a kind of immediate familiarity with oneself. This pre-reflective self-consciousness is a non-relational and non-identificational form of self-consciousness and concerns an immediate acquaintance of the subject with itself. In the specific terms of transcendentalism every thought contains an implicit reference to a first-personal “givenness” or a sense of “mineness” that articulates a non-relational and non-identificational form of a pre-reflective model of self-consciousness.

Elementary School Students’ Creativity in Singing Activities

Everyone needs music and wants to express themselves with music. The most familiar kind of music is vocal music. Everyone naturally performs singing activities, either singing seriously or just for fun. This is also happened in children who are still in elementaryschool.Theyareproducingvariouskindsofsoundscreatively.Thepurpose of this study is to analyze the creativity of elementary school children in producing singing sounds to be heard as melodious songs. The research method applied is qualitative interpretative. The location of this research is Semarang City. The focus of the research is on the creativity of elementary school children in singing activities to produce melodious sounds. Data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The technique of data validity used is data triangulation. Data analysis techniques follow interactive analysis from data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification or conclusions. The results showed that the creativity of elementary school children in singing is a natural creativity, in which they use respiration technique which they think is good naturally. They are resonance, diction, articulation, and phrasering techniques applied by children in singing.

Consumer expectations for vegetables with typical and atypical colors: The case of carrots

The variety of fruits and vegetables in today’s supermarkets is enormous. We investigated how color may lead consumers to anticipate differences in product properties. Forty volunteers rated the expected properties for carrots with different colors presented in pictures, together with their familiarity, purchase intention, and intended preparation method on 7-point scales. We found most positive expectations for the typical and most familiar kinds of orange carrots. Lower saturation of orange was associated with lower attractiveness and freshness, whereas higher orange saturation was evaluated as more artificial. Brown spots on carrots were associated with disease and such carrots were regarded less healthy. Carrots in atypical colors were rated as less familiar, attractive and healthy than orange ones. In comparison with the orange carrots, red carrots were expected to taste sourer and spicier, purple and yellow carrots were rated less nutritious and more artificial, with purple carrots expected to taste more bitter and yellow ones more sour. White and white-green carrots rated lower on sweet, and higher on sour, bitter, and spicy. These carrots were considered less ripe and less nutritious than orange ones. These results indicate that color hue and saturation have substantial impact on consumers’ expectations about sensory and functional properties, including freshness and nutritional value. Some of these expectations may be derived from associations to other vegetables, as reflected by high ratings for spiciness (red pepper) and taste intensity (turnip, radish). However, low attractiveness ratings also suggest that consumers may be reluctant to try unfamiliar variants, at least at first glance. Although atypical colors produce culinary opportunities, commercial success may be limited until consumers integrate them in their everyday habits.

Strong jump inversion

We say that a structure $\mathcal{A}$ admits \emph{strong jump inversion} provided that for every oracle $X$, if $X'$ computes $D(\mathcal{C})'$ for some $\mathcal{C}\cong\mathcal{A}$, then $X$ computes $D(\mathcal{B})$ for some $\mathcal{B}\cong\mathcal{A}$. Jockusch and Soare \cite{JS} showed that there are low linear orderings without computable copies, but Downey and Jockusch \cite{DJ} showed that every Boolean algebra admits strong jump inversion. More recently, D.\ Marker and R.\ Miller \cite{MM} have shown that all countable models of $DCF_0$ (the theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic $0$) admit strong jump inversion. We establish a general result with sufficient conditions for a structure $\mathcal{A}$ to admit strong jump inversion. Our conditions involve an enumeration of $B_1$-types, where these are made up of formulas that are Boolean combinations of existential formulas. Our general result applies to some familiar kinds of structures, including some classes of linear orderings and trees. We do not get the result of Downey and Jockusch for arbitrary Boolean algebras, but we do get a result for Boolean algebras with no $1$-atom, with some extra information on the complexity of the isomorphism. Our general result gives the result of Marker and Miller. In order to apply our general result, we produce a computable enumeration of the types realized in models of $DCF_0$. This also yields the fact that the saturated model of $DCF_0$ has a decidable copy.

Expertise and the fragmentation of intellectual autonomy

In The Great Endarkenment, Elijah Millgram argues that the hyper-specialization of expert domains has led to an intellectual crisis. Each field of human knowledge has its own specialized jargon, knowledge, and form of reasoning, and each is mutually incomprehensible to the next. Furthermore, says Millgram, modern scientific practical arguments are draped across many fields. Thus, there is no person in a position to assess the success of such a practical argument for themselves. This arrangement virtually guarantees that mistakes will accrue whenever we engage in cross-field practical reasoning. Furthermore, Millgram argues, hyper-specialization makes intellectual autonomy extremely difficult. Our only hope is to provide better translations between the fields, in order to achieve intellectual transparency. I argue against Millgram’s pessimistic conclusion about intellectual autonomy, and against his suggested solution of translation. Instead, I take his analysis to reveal that there are actually several very distinct forms intellectual autonomy that are significantly in tension. One familiar kind is direct autonomy, where we seek to understand arguments and reasons for ourselves. Another kind is delegational autonomy, where we seek to find others to invest with our intellectual trust when we cannot understand. A third is management autonomy, where we seek to encapsulate fields, in order to manage their overall structure and connectivity. Intellectual transparency will help us achieve direct autonomy, but many intellectual circumstances require that we exercise delegational and management autonomy. However, these latter forms of autonomy require us to give up on transparency.

Sleeping Beauty Goes to the Lab: The Psychology of Self-Locating Evidence

Analyses of the Sleeping Beauty Problem are polarised between those advocating the “1/2 view” (“halfers”) and those endorsing the “1/3 view” (“thirders”). The disagreement concerns the evidential relevance of self-locating information. Unlike halfers, thirders regard self-locating information as evidentially relevant in the Sleeping Beauty Problem. In the present study, we systematically manipulate the kind of information available in different formulations of the Sleeping Beauty Problem. Our findings indicate that patterns of judgment on different formulations of the Sleeping Beauty Problem do not fit either the “1/2 view” or the “1/3 view.” Human reasoners tend to acknowledge self-locating evidence as relevant, but discount its weight significantly. Accordingly, self-locating information may trigger more cautious judgments of confirmation than familiar kinds of statistical evidence. We also discuss how these results can advance the debate by providing a more nuanced and empirically grounded account or explication of the evidential impact of self-locating information.

The metacognitive disambiguation effect

ABSTRACTFrom an early age, children show a tendency to map novel labels onto unfamiliar rather than familiar kinds of objects. Accounts of this tendency have not addressed whether children develop a metacognitive representation of what they are doing. In 3 experiments (each N = 48), preschoolers received a test of the metacognitive disambiguation effect, which involved deciding whether the referent of a novel label was located in a bucket of things “I know” or bucket of things “I don’t know.” Most 4-year-olds passed this test, whereas most 3-year-olds did not. Children’s performance was predicted by their ability to report whether various words and pseudowords were ones that they knew, even after age and vocabulary size were controlled. As children develop an awareness of their lexical knowledge/ignorance, they also develop a metacognitive representation of their tendency to map novel labels onto unfamiliar rather than familiar kinds.

From Chiron to Charon: Crossing over to the Dark Side

From Chiron to Charon: Crossing over to the Dark Side* S. Georgia Nugent election to the presidency of the society for classical studies was both a great honor for me and quite a surprise. This year in fact held a number of surprises, stemming not so much from within the SCS as from the changing cultural context in which we find ourselves and public perceptions—or misperceptions—about Classics. The SCS, like other scholarly associations, exists primarily to serve the needs of our members. Increasingly, it seems, one of those needs is for a public voice, to speak on behalf of and even to advocate for our profession. It was during the tenure of my predecessor, Roger Bagnall, that the Society first developed a policy on public statements. And, as this year developed, we issued several public statements, some of them in concert with colleagues in other learned societies. Some issues of concern to us as scholars seem, unfortunately, to be perennials—such as threatened defunding of the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). But little could I have imagined that I would issue a presidential letter in response to one of our members receiving death threats for publishing an article on the polychrome nature of classical sculpture. Nor did I anticipate the threat to [End Page 227] the very existence of advanced study in our disciplines by a proposal to tax graduate student stipends. These are not the kinds of issues that my own graduate training prepared me for. But they are quite familiar kinds of issues to a college president. And that brings me back to the honor of being elected president of this Society. I was completely surprised when the Nominating Committee contacted me. And even more shocked upon learning that I had been elected. The reason for my reactions—as you will guess—is related to the topic of this address. We all know what the phrase, “crossing over to the dark side” means in the context of the academy. And, yes, when I told a colleague that I was leaving Brown to become assistant to the president of Princeton, he did immediately offer me condolences, since I’d obviously “crossed over to the dark side.” (This was not—I hasten to add—one of my colleagues in the Classics department.) But the pattern is clear. One day you’re a faculty member, valued for your knowledge and teaching—perhaps even for a bit of wisdom. You’re a Chiron. But the next day, should you accept a role in managing and guiding an academic institution, you’re suddenly transformed. Like an unsavory denizen of the underworld, plying his necessary but distasteful work: you’re a Charon. For thirteen years, I was a full-time faculty member. But I have been an academic administrator for the last twenty-seven years, eleven of them as a college president. Hence my surprise in being elected to leadership of the SCS. In fact, I consulted the Oracle (at least, the Oracle on SCS and APA history), Ward Briggs, and Ward informed me that only two college presidents previously served as presidents of the APA: Arthur Stanley Pease in 1939 and, before him, Asahel Clark Kendrick in 1872. It’s been a while. And that unusual collocation—of college presidency and the presidency of this society—means that this address may be a little unconventional. I am not offering, for example, the fruits of my latest research, because my latest research and writing hasn’t been on Vergil or Lucan or Tacitus. It’s been on innovation in liberal arts colleges. Instead, the presidency of the SCS has prompted me to reflect more on this strange, “under-worldly” role of being an administrator in academe. One of the better books on the topic is the memoir by William Chase entitled, 100 Semesters: My Adventures as Student, Professor, and University President, and What I Learned Along the Way. Chace was an English professor at Stanford, who became president, first, of Wesleyan University and then of Emory. It’s no surprise that the chapter in which he describes first being tapped to become an associate dean at Stanford is entitled, “Why Join...

On the different formulations of the E11 equations of motion

The nonlinear realization of the semi-direct product of [Formula: see text] with its vector representation leads to equation of motions for the field graviton, three-form, six-form, dual graviton and the level four fields which correctly describe the degree of freedom of 11-dimensional supergravity at the linearized level. The equations with one derivative generically hold as equivalence relations and are often duality relations. From these equations, by taking derivatives, one can derive equations that are equations of motion of the familiar kind. The entire hierarchy of equations is [Formula: see text] invariant and the construction does not require any steps beyond [Formula: see text]. We review these past developments with an emphasis on the features that have been overlooked in hep-th:1703.01305, whose alternative approach we also comment on.

Causal Inferences During EFL Reading of Expository Texts : Effects of Two Kinds of Familiarity and L2 Reading Proficiency

Causal Inferences During EFL Reading of Expository Texts : Effects of Two Kinds of Familiarity and L2 Reading Proficiency

Children’s generic interpretation of pretense

We report two experiments investigating how 3- to 5-year-olds learn general knowledge from pretend play—how they learn about kinds of things (e.g., information about dogs) from information about particular individuals in pretend play (a certain dog in a pretend scenario). Children watched pretend-play enactments in which animals showed certain behaviors or heard utterances conveying the same information. When children were subsequently asked about who shows the behavior, children who watched pretend play were more likely to give generic responses than were children who heard the utterances. These findings show that children generalize information from pretend play to kinds even without being prompted to think about kinds, that pretend play can be informative about familiar kinds, and also that pretend play is a more potent source for general knowledge than are utterances about individuals.

The Effect of Food Involvement and Food Addiction on Food Neophobia

Food neophobia can be defined as the reluctance of the consumers to try novel foods, including food products, dishes and cuisines. In the present study, it was suggested that the food neophobia is positively related with food addiction and negatively with the food involvement. More the consumers pertain the characteristics of food neophobia, more they will be dependent on the familiar kind of food, that is, they will consume only the food products they are familiar with and will be reluctant in consuming or trying new food products. If the consumers are more involved with their food, they will show the lower levels of food neophobia as their involvement will reduce their perceived risk or phobia about that particular kind of food product. The results obtained showed that the food neophobia is negatively related to the food involvement but do not share any relationship with the food addiction.

The Radiance of the Jewish National Home: Technocapitalism, Electrification, and the Making of Modern Palestine

AbstractContrary to conventional wisdom, the history of the Palestine mandate and its power relations were not determined solely by a series of legal measures, beginning with the 1917 Balfour Declaration and ending with the UNGA partition resolution of 1947. Rather, the emergence of modern Palestine was a process significantly guided by global technocapitalism. Palestine was constituted on the basis of a successful Zionist pitch for the area as an economically viable territory—as an area of production and consumption and crucially also as an entity locatable in the global circulation of capital and commodities. A central vehicle for this technocapitalist vision in Palestine—proposed by the Zionists, and enthusiastically adopted by the British—was a hydroelectrical megasystem in the Jordan Valley. Significant portions of the mandate's borders were mapped onto the station's technical blueprint, and conceiving of and building the powerhouse created not just borders, but also “Palestine,” a bounded entity with a distinct political and economic character. While the electrification, like Zionism in general, was justified in a language of egalitarian universalism, the power system and the “free-market” capitalist system it helped create in Palestine generated familiar kinds of political and economic inequality. Specifically, it conjured a political-economic order based on a Jewish national scale in which the Arabs were expected to supply the menial labor power in return for the economic development that was to lift all boats.