Familiar Concepts Research Articles

Accountability from the periphery to the centre of local government research agenda

ABSTRACT Accountability is a familiar concept, taken for granted most of the time. This article underscores the need to bring accountability to the centre of empirical analysis in local government studies. A systematic literature review was conducted to revise how accountability as a process or outcome is being explored in Local Government Studies. After a spirited debate in the 90s involving practitioners, accountability has consistently been mentioned and discussed, albeit often on the periphery of the empirical analysis. As local governments are a key dimension for local-level democratic governance worldwide, it is crucial to invigorate research on accountability and bring it to the forefront of our research agenda connected to the digitalisation of society, political distrust, and non-financial drivers of society (humanitarian and environmental agendas). The paper outlines potential paths for a future research agenda on accountability for local governments.

Elements to Social Media Success: Analyzing Fashion Trends and Performance Factors on Instagram

Trends are the catapult to success for accounts on social media. And though many creators and businesses follow similar trends, only a select number reach their desired results. Previous research has only gone as far as explaining the significance of social media in the fashion industry, as well as the power of trends in the digital realm. This study evaluates 10 Instagram posts under the #sweatervest trend, categorizing them into successful and unsuccessful based on engagement metrics to assess which factors—relevance, interactiveness, use of familiar concepts, innovation, and entertainment—most contribute to performance. Findings conclude a generally positive relationship between each factor and the performance of the content. These elements together serve as a "formula" or "recipe" on how to make successful content when following a social media trend.

An Analytical Study of Training Needs of University Teachers in Online Environment in Perspectives of Physical Resources and Pedagogical Skills in the Subject of Social Sciences

The objectives of this research study were about finding out the availability of physical resources, the pedagogical requirements of teachers training for online teaching and examining the ICT skills that the teacher needs to teach in online teaching. The mode of teaching has widely got more importance from regular mode towards online teaching and learning from post COVID time. These days it is very familiar concept. The study aimed to investigate the teachers training need assessment for online teaching at university level. This is the descriptive research study. The population as well as sampling units for this study was 150 male along with female university educators. It was concerned in this study about the needs of training of them for online mode of teaching. Questionnaire was used to collect data from the teachers of social science currently serving in various universities in Islamabad. The data were analysed through SPSS by using mean, frequencies, and standard deviation. The data revealed that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) structure needs to be strengthened for online education environments with the concept of blended education and learning techniques self-paced learning and online interactions as an effective and alternate mode of learning.

The Unconsidered Pathway: Suggestions for Physical Therapists to Facilitate Student Reintegration to Physical Education after a Concussion.

Background/Objectives: "Return-to-play" and "return-to-learn" after a concussion are familiar concepts due to guidelines proposed by the Concussion in Sport Group and Heads-Up Initiative. The purpose of this commentary is to expand upon the current consensus guidelines for treatment of concussed children and adolescents, as well as provide guidelines for returning to physical education (RT-PE) classes. Proposal: The authors propose one general and four subtype-specific guidelines post-concussion injury. This framework highlights the role of physical therapists in the management of children with prolonged recovery. The final RT-PE determination should occur with documented medical clearance from a licensed healthcare provider trained in the evaluation and management of a concussion. Conclusions: Despite significant gains regarding the management of concussed children and adolescents, confusion remains regarding RT-PE post-concussion. To eliminate ambiguity and promote adherence to a gradual return to activity protocols, the authors developed guidelines based on current evidence and recommendations.

Unconventional free fall measurements of g: involving the Pythagorean Theorem and inverse tangent function

Abstract The current work presents unconventional but instructionally useful approaches to data analysis and modelling that allow for measurements of the acceleration due to gravity, g, using free-falling motion and the popular Tracker software. The two techniques detailed in this article illustrate the employability of the Pythagorean Theorem and the inverse tangent function in modelling free-falling motion that likewise, expectedly, permit for the determination of g. These two mathematical concepts are brought to relevance by strategically situating the origin of the coordinate system at an appropriate point. The models returned values of the gravitational acceleration that are comparable to that by the traditional technique, the one directly based on the vertical position-time data. Additionally, the unconventional free-fall data analyses presented in this paper suggest extra and insightful activities for the students, exercises on a notably less-automated nonlinear curve fitting on a spreadsheet (MS Excel) at most. Ultimately, by applying familiar mathematical concepts associated with a right triangle to nontraditional contexts like free-fall, this laboratory or lecture activity is perceived to spark greater interest of the students and enhance learning by unifying theory and experimental data.

Analysis of Children's Conceptions of Concepts at the End of Pre-Primary Education

The study presents the results of the authors' original research. The subject of the research were authentic utterances of 5-6-year-old children at the exit from compulsory pre-primary education. They represented individual conceptions of the following concepts: interview, question, poem, fairytale, book, magazine, library, letter, reading, writing, writer. The concepts were selected from the state curriculum (2016). The aim of the study was to present selected findings from research on children's conceptions of language and literary concepts. In the study, we provided answers to the research question. Which claims from psycholinguistic theories about narrower and broader conceptions of concepts are most valid in children's authentic utterances? The research strategy was quantitative. Children's authentic utterances were obtained through individual interviews. Each child answered four basic questions: what is it? What is it for? What would it be if it wasn't? How do you know that? The children's statements were content-analyzed and interpreted. The children in the research sample were dominated by narrower conceptions of linguistic and literary concepts (61%). The narrower conceptions of the concepts contained a pre-scientific concept of knowing their meaning. The content of their utterances predominantly distorted the objective meanings of the concepts. Children were less likely to interpret social interactions and least likely to use explanations of another, familiar concept. When they did explain concepts in broader terms (34%), they mainly relied on sensory experiences. Some children did not know or did not answer the questions (5%). The conducted research is a part of the VEGA 1/0505/24 project - Children's preconceptions about the phenomena of reading literacy.

Exploring human-nature relationships in academic literature on the nitrogen cycle

ABSTRACT The nitrogen (N) cycle is a familiar concept. As is the much simplified, often diagrammatic, representation commonly used to illustrate the scale, importance and interconnectedness of this global cycle that links air, water, rocks and living beings. However, in this representation, humans are often presented as a seemingly minor entity or not explicitly shown at all. This can obscure the idea that humanity is both a direct beneficiary of the nitrogen cycle (through food and resources) and an increasingly significant influence on its function. This study sought to understand how diverse Human-Nature relationships (HNR) are expressed in recent academic literature on the nitrogen cycle. A sample of peer-reviewed literature, containing explicit and inferred examples of HNR and the nitrogen cycle, was analysed using two approaches: 1) network analysis, identifying and illustrating all quantifiable links made between components of the nitrogen cycle, and 2) content analysis to understand how different kinds of terminology were being used to describe relationships between components in the cycle. The network analysis revealed diverse links between ‘human’ and ‘non-human nature’. The content analysis found some explicit use of relational terms, most commonly ‘depend*’. Both approaches highlighted strongly reciprocal links within the ‘human’ realm and the explicit centrality in which this is held across the corpus. We demonstrate the utility of combining quantitative and qualitative analysis to understand nuanced relationships in the nitrogen cycle and explore the utility this has to increase the acknowledgement and appreciation of HNR in science communication and science-policy interface work.

Alternative ways to initiate students’ intuition, and hence internalization, of why zero factorial is equal to one

Zero factorial, defined to be one, is often counterintuitive to students but nonetheless an interesting concept to convey in a classroom environment. The challenge is to delineate the concept in a simple and effective way through the practice of justification, a familiar concept in mathematics and science education. In this regard two algebraic and one statistical justification using the squeeze theorem are presented. To assess the effectiveness of the justifications, a student survey was conducted at a comprehensive university incorporating the analysis of the pre- and post-presentation statements. They clearly present that the justifications are useful in giving credence to zero factorial equals one. Overall, the result from the online survey supports that the students preferred Justification 1. The justifications provide instructors alternative ways to initiate exploration of students’ intuitive set up of comprehending unobvious facts like zero factorial equals one. For a range of learners with their varied abilities to perform various mental activities most closely associated with learning and problem-solving, the justifications as simple alternative methods offer the potential to raise the current level of cognitive skills to inspire differentiated paths of learning. These are evident from survey results noting the role of statistical thinking and techniques.

Examining the Relationship Between Rural and Urban Clinicians' Familiarity With Patients and Families and Their Comfort With Palliative and End-of-Life Care Communication.

Background: Effective healthcare clinician communication is a key component of quality palliative and end-of-life (PEOL) care. However, communication may be hampered when clinicians are not comfortable initiating these conversations with patients and their families. Clinicians working in rural areas report several barriers to providing palliative care. This study examined the relationship between rural and urban clinicians' reported familiarity with their patients and families end-of-life, their reported comfort in initiating PEOL conversations, and their PEOL care knowledge. Method: This study used a cross-sectional design to examine the relationships between rural and urban clinicians' familiarity, their comfort in PEOL communication, and their PEOL care knowledge. Results: N = 548 rural and urban clinicians participated. Rural clinicians reported greater familiarity, more PEOL knowledge, and more comfort with PEOL communication. Multiple regression analyses of PEOL knowledge showed significant associations in knowledge with older clinicians (P < 0.01) and additional palliative care training (P < 0.01); comfort in PEOL communication had significant associations with more palliative care training (P < 0.01) and opportunities to provide palliative care (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The concept of familiarity is highly complex and poorly understood in relation to PEOL care in both rural and urban settings. Future research is needed to explore how additional training in PEOL care and clinician reported familiarity positively impact patient outcomes by increasing the number of advance directives completed and followed and improved documentation of advance care planning.

P-486 Listening to the needs of 18-25 year olds for information and prevention to reverse the trend of infertility

Abstract Study question What information and education are needed and by what means can young people be made aware of their future fertility ? Summary answer Young adults are looking for concrete answers about fertility. They want answers from reliable sources, especially health care professionals. What is known already Fertility education has already been implemented in various forms (website, assessment and advice clinic, study program) in some countries (1). Studies (2,3) such as show satisfactory effectiveness in terms of both knowledge and awareness among target populations. In France, fertility education is booming. Action plans are drawn up to adapt information (influence of age, risk factors, Assisted Human Reproduction techniques ART) (4) and prevention to best protect fertility. Study design, size, duration A quantitative study was carried out among 450 young adults from October 2O22 to February 2023. 3 interviews were achieved out beforehand to enrich the questionnaire’s response options, with the aim of satisfying all participants, whatever their social, professional or educational status. An anonymous 4-part form asked about their socio-demographic criteria, their fertility needs and how they would like to be informed. The final optional section was used to identify less familiar concepts. Participants/materials, setting, methods In our study, 350 participants were women (77,8%), 94 men (20,9%), 5 non-binary and 1 transgender. 63,4% women were students and 60,6% in couples and more then half of the men were students (63,8%), single (57,4%). Non-binary and transgender people can not statistically included in the results.The questionnaire was circulated on social networks. Results were collected on LimeSurvey storage software, then statistics were performed and interpreted via Numbers and BiostatTGV. Main results and the role of chance Whether they’re students or salaried employees, women need more information about fertility than men. And that men feel remote from the subject. Indeed, women want to know more about how the male and female reproductive systems work (60,9%), how to spot the warning signs of infertility risk (65,8%), the different ART techniques and their limits (51,6%), and the role of lifestyle on reproductive health (61,4%). Conversely, student men want to learn how to spot the warning signs of infertility risk (52,9%), and are concerned about infertility figures (55,9%). There is a difference with employed men, who only wish to learn about the functioning of the male and female reproductive systems (66,7%). The responses on the means of raising awareness about fertility do not allow us to conclude that one method is more effective than another in informing them. By ranking, we find awareness days at 80,6% for women and 60,5% for men. Then there’s the use of reliable websites at 77,8% for women and 58% for men. In third place for both genders are medical consultations with 72,5% for women and 56,8% for men. These results are similar for students and employees. Limitations, reasons for caution As the survey was voluntary, the people who responded were those were most interested in the subject. Moreover, women are over-represented in our sample, as are students. A French university has around 43% female students and 35% male students, compared with 63% of both genders in our study. Wider implications of the findings A “plan” to combat infertility was recently announced by the French government. Our results will be used to guide the campaign’s stakeholders on how to raise awareness among 18-25 year-olds, and in particular on the various means to be put in place to make it a success. Trial registration number 2022-250

Kinetically anisotropic Hamiltonians: plane waves, Madelung streamlines and superpositions

A Hamiltonian in two space dimensions whose kinetic-energy contributions have opposite signs is studied in detail. Solutions of the time-independent Schrödinger equation for fixed energy are superpositions of plane waves, with wavevectors on hyperbolas rather than circles. The local velocity (e.g. in the Madelung representation) is proportional to the kinetic momentum, i.e. local particle velocity, not the more familiar canonical momentum (phase gradient). The patterns of the associated streamlines are different, especially near phase singularities and phase saddles where the kinetic and canonical streamline patterns have opposite indices. Contrasting with the superficially analogous circular smooth solutions of kinetically isotropic Hamiltonians are wave modes that are anisotropic in position and also discontinuous. Pictures illustrating these phenomena are included. The occurrence of familiar concepts in unfamiliar guises could be useful for teaching quantum or wave physics at graduate level.

Judgment in Business and Management Research: Shedding New Light on a Familiar Concept

Judgment in Business and Management Research: Shedding New Light on a Familiar Concept

Business of Medicine: Developing Leaders in Academic Medicine and Learning Health Systems.

To develop healthcare professionals as clinical leaders in academic medicine and learning health system; and uncover organizational barriers, as well as pathways and practices to facilitate career growth and professional fulfillment. The Department of Medicine strategic plan efforts prompted the development of a business of medicine program informed by a needs assessment and realignment between academic departments and the healthcare system. The business of medicine leadership program launched in 2017. This descriptive case study presents its 5th year evaluation. Competencies were included from the Physician MBA program and from specific departmental needs and goals. The program hosted a total of 102 clinical faculty. We had a 37% response rate of those retained at Indiana University School of Medicine. Overall, responses conveyed a positive experience in the course. Over 80% of participants felt that they gained skills in professional reflection, professional socialization, goal orientation, critical thinking, and commitment to profession. Financial literacy was overwhelmingly the skill that was reported to be the most valuable. Finance and accounting were mentioned as the most difficult concepts to understand. Familiar concepts included communication, LEAN, and wellness related topics. One hundred percent of participants said they are utilizing the skills gained in this program in their current role and that they would recommend the course to others. Business of medicine courses are more common now with programs describing elements informed by health system operations. However, few programs incorporate aspects of wellness, equity, diversity, inclusion, and health equity. Our program makes the case for multiple ways to develop inclusive leaders through a focused five-month program. It also recognizes that to really impact the learning health system, health professionals need leadership development and leaders suited to work alongside career administrators, all aiming towards a common goal of equitable patient-centered care.

Reliability and Validity of the Indonesian Version of the Dual Filial Piety Scale

Filial piety (bakti) is a familiar concept within societies in the Chinese diaspora, including multicultural Indonesian society. This concept describes the relationship dynamics between parents and children. It includes obedience and affection that motivate a range of behaviours, including caring for elderly parents. Filial piety becomes an important construct to be studied in its relationship with the psychological process both in children and parents. A conceptual model commonly used to describe filial piety is the Dual Filial Piety Model, which has been operationalized in the Dual Filial Piety Scale (DFPS). This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of DFPS which have been translated into Bahasa Indonesia through forward and backward translation. Data was collected from 202 participants recruited using nonprobability sampling. The result suggests that the Indonesian version of DPFS shows adequate reliability and validity. The instrument was found to be consistent with its theoretical model. It can be used for further research on filial piety in Indonesian society.

Still just a matter of taste? Sensorial appreciation of seafood is associated with more frequent and diverse consumption

Improving health and sustainability outcomes in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, Democratic) nations necessitates a reduction in red meat consumption. Seafood is often overlooked in achieving this goal. However, simply consuming more of familiar fish species places high stress on production of these species. For this reason, diversification of seafood consumption is also critical. Here the motives for seafood consumption (frequency and diversity) are investigated across two studies by adapting the 4Ns survey to the seafood category. This 16-item survey measures four factors underpinning meat consumption: namely that it is ‘Natural’, ‘Necessary’, ‘Normal’ and ‘Nice’. Swedish consumers' hedonic and sensory expectations of two herring concepts (traditional pickled contra novel minced and presented as a burger) are also evaluated in relation to the 4Ns. Study 1 (N = 304) revealed that the seafood 4Ns scale had a similar underlying structure to that of meat and had good test-retest reliability. Study 2 (N = 514) showed that consumers expected to like the pickled herring (associated with being ‘seasoned’, ‘salty’, ‘sweet’, ‘firm’, ‘juicy’, ‘chewy’, and ‘slimy’) more than the minced herring (associated with being ‘mushy’, ‘fishy’, ‘grainy’, ‘dry’ and having ‘small bones’), and that ‘Nice’ scores affected expectations of both herring concepts. Food neophobia correlated inversely with seafood consumption frequency, expected liking, the ‘Nice’ subscale, and food agency. Critically, in both studies, enjoyment of seafood (higher ‘Nice’ scores) predicted more frequent and diverse seafood consumption, whilst agreeing that seafood is ‘Necessary’ for health predicted only consumption frequency, not diversity. Communicating the positive sensory attributes of seafood and developing novel product concepts in ways that disconfirm sceptical consumers' negative sensory expectations may increase acceptance of both familiar and unfamiliar seafood concepts.

Deep Agreements

Abstract Recent research has highlighted the character and importance of the study of agreement. This paper, paralleling work on the more familiar concept of deep disagreement, will provide a first articulation of the character and implications of deep agreements, that is, agreements so deep that disagreement cannot overcome them. To do so, I start by outlining the main features of deep disagreement. I then provide a brief characterization of agreement in general to ground the discussion of the unique characteristics of deep agreements and compare them to deep disagreements. After distinguishing the concept from other more familiar ones, I then point to a few of the major social and theoretical issues the existence of deep agreements poses before concluding with some remarks pointing to valuable areas for future research.

Views of senior nursing students on the concept of old age: a metaphor study

ABSTRACT Metaphors are part of everyday language as they help us to communicate effectively and allow us to reveal meaning to concepts. Older adults have been described using metaphors like ‘Tsunami’ in western countries. However, it is unknow which metaphors are used to describe older adults in Turkey. The aim of this study was to reveal the perceptions of the concept of aging among fourth year nursing students through metaphors. This study employed phenomenology, which is a qualitative research design. All fourth-year nursing students in the Nursing Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of a Turkish university constituted the study population. The study was completed with the participation of 60 students. The data were collected in May-June 2022. To reveal the metaphors that each nursing student considered representative for the concept of ‘aging,’ they were asked to complete the following sentence: ‘Aging is like … because … .’ In qualitative research, metaphors can help simplify complex and/or multidimensional concepts through connecting one familiar concept to another familiar one, resulting in the comparison between the two concepts opening up new possibilities and perspectives. Metaphors provide structure to data and aid understanding of a familiar process in a new light. The metaphors and their justifications, written by students in their own handwriting, were used as the main data source in this study. Students completed the questionnaire in one session. The completion of the form took approximately 20 minutes. The mean age of the students was 22.5 ± 1.4 years, and 78.3% of them were female. In analyzing the data, a content analysis approach comprising coding, the identification of themes, and grouping of data according to codes and themes was used. The metaphors produced by the students were categorized as ‘positive’ and ‘negative.’ In the positive category, there were 10 metaphors formed by 43 (71.7%) nursing students. Fourteen metaphors by 17 (28.3%) nursing students were identified in the negative category. The most commonly used metaphors were found to be ‘tree,’ ‘flower,’ ‘kid,’ and ‘book.’ It was observed that the students perceived the concept of old age as a process that helped individuals gain knowledge and experience and a guiding process. In order to increase and maintain a positive attitude toward the older people, it can be recommended to include more topics and practices related to old age.

Inducing Shifts in Attentional and Preattentive Visual Processing Through Brief Training on Novel Grammatical Morphemes: An Event‐Related Potential Study

AbstractCan brief training on novel grammatical morphemes influence visual processing of nonlinguistic stimuli? If so, how deep is this effect? Here, an experimental group learned two novel morphemes highlighting the familiar concept of transitivity in sentences; a control group was exposed to the same input but with the novel morphemes used interchangeably. Subsequently, both groups performed two visual oddball tasks with nonlinguistic motion events. In the first (attentional) oddball task, relative to the control group, the experimental group showed decreased attention (P300) to infrequent changes in the morpheme‐irrelevant dimension (shape) but not the morpheme‐relevant dimension (motion transitivity); in the second (preattentive) oddball task, they showed enhanced preattentive responses (N1/visual mismatch negativity) to infrequent changes in motion transitivity but not shape. Our findings show that increasing attention to preexisting concepts in sentences through brief training on novel grammatical morphemes can influence both attentional and preattentive visual processing.

Under my umbrella: LGBTQIA+ rights, LGBTQIA+ researchers and ‘internal allyship’

In this article, we consider the ethical obligations that LGBTQIA+ researchers have in researching LGBTQIA+ rights. First, we consider the potential impact of identity and positionality. Although people of all LGBTQIA+ identities share common experiences of marginalisation and persecution, there is much diversity among LGBTQIA+ people and their many intersections. We then propose that LGBTQIA+ researchers should act as ‘internal allies’ when undertaking work related to LGBTQIA+ communities. The familiar concept of allyship imposes obligations which are dynamic, appropriate for the research context and align with community expectations. These obligations include self-education, consultation and platforming marginalised voices.

An opportunity cost model to value deferral options

This study discusses a real options valuation approach based on the familiar opportunity cost concept. After demonstrating the equivalence of the opportunity model to the binomial lattice approach of Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein (CRR), we discuss its attributes through simple numerical examples. In contrast to the CRR approach, the transparency of the opportunity model provides an intuitive and economical baseline for managerial discussions and decision-making. We focus on the opportunity costs inherently embedded in the real options value (ROV); therefore, our study is distinct from most other studies, which consider them as the exogenous input to the ROV.