Familial Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease Research Articles

Temporal Changes in 18 F-FDG PET/CT in Familial Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease, Based on the Clinical Course.

We report temporal changes in 18 F-FDG PET/CT in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). In a patient with encephalitis-like episodes, PET showed hypermetabolism correlating with EEG alterations. Affected sites later became hypometabolic and showed diffusion changes on MRI. In another patient, hypermetabolic regions correlated well with the EEG, whereas MRI showed changes after only 1 month. One chronic patient had diffuse hypometabolism, which correlated with atrophy on MRI and cerebral dysfunction on EEG. This is the first report of temporal changes in PET in NIID and suggests that it reflects the disease activity of NIID while correlating well with EEG.

One case of familial neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease presenting with paroxysmal disturbance of consciousness

本病例急性起病，首诊被误诊为急性缺血性脑血管病，经皮肤活检和FMR1基因检测排除脆性X相关震颤/共济失调综合征(FXTAS)最终确诊为神经元核内包涵体病(NIID)。通过对本病例资料的复习，可以加深对NIID的认识，提高临床对NIID的识别能力和鉴别诊断水平，避免误诊和漏诊。

GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC is the cause of both sporadic and familial neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease

GGC repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC is the cause of both sporadic and familial neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease

Familial neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease complicated by subcortical hemorrhage

AbstractAn 80‐year‐old woman presented with loss of appetite. At age 78, she was diagnosed as familial neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) based on (i) leukoencephalopathy with hyperintensities along the corticomedullary junction on diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) revealed by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), (ii) skin biopsy samples showing ubiquitin‐positive intranuclear inclusions in adipocytes, and (iii) family history. Her cognitive function was preserved while apathy was apparent. However, on this admission, her cognitive function got worse. Afterward, the patient developed subcortical hemorrhage, and the risk for the hemorrhage was not identified. NIID might be associated with intracranial hemorrhage. In addition, brain MRI after the bleeding showed the rapid expansion of hyperintense lesions on DWI even in the frontal lobe where bleeding was irrelevant. Intracranial hemorrhage might have affected the enlarged hyperintense lesions.

Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a gradually progressing neurodegenerative disease characterized by eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in the central and peripheral nervous systems and in certain visceral organs. The number of reported cases of NIID has recently increased after the introduction of skin biopsy for the diagnosis of NIID. Patients with sporadic NIID usually present with dementia, elevation of overall protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid, leukoencephalopathy on head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and high signal intensity in the corticomedurally junction on a diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging. Among patients with familial NIID with age at onset <40 years, muscle weakness is observed most frequently; these cases are classified in the "limb weakness group." Among patients with familial NIID with age at onset >40 years, dementia is the most prominent symptom; these cases are classified in the "dementia dominant group." We proposed a flowchart for diagnosis adult-onset NIID. The prevalence rate of adult-onset NIID may be higher than previously thought, and NIID may be underdiagnosed in the population. NIID must be considered during the differential diagnosis of leukoencephalopathy and neuropathy, for which this flowchart for adult-onset NIID diagnosis may prove beneficial.

Clinicopathological features of adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease.

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in the central and peripheral nervous system, and also in the visceral organs. NIID has been considered to be a heterogeneous disease because of the highly variable clinical manifestations, and ante-mortem diagnosis has been difficult. However, since we reported the usefulness of skin biopsy for the diagnosis of NIID, the number of NIID diagnoses has increased, in particular adult-onset NIID. In this study, we studied 57 cases of adult-onset NIID and described their clinical and pathological features. We analysed both NIID cases diagnosed by post-mortem dissection and by ante-mortem skin biopsy based on the presence of characteristic eosinophilic, hyaline and ubiquitin-positive intanuclear inclusion: 38 sporadic cases and 19 familial cases, from six families. In the sporadic NIID cases with onset age from 51 to 76, dementia was the most prominent initial symptom (94.7%) as designated 'dementia dominant group', followed by miosis, ataxia and unconsciousness. Muscle weakness and sensory disturbance were also observed. It was observed that, in familial NIID cases with onset age less than 40 years, muscle weakness was seen most frequently (100%), as designated 'limb weakness group', followed by sensory disturbance, miosis, bladder dysfunction, and dementia. In familial cases with more than 40 years of onset age, dementia was most prominent (100%). Elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein and abnormal nerve conduction were frequently observed in both sporadic and familial NIID cases. Head magnetic resonance imaging showed high intensity signal in corticomedullary junction in diffusion-weighted image in both sporadic and familial NIID cases, a strong clue to the diagnosis. All of the dementia dominant cases presented with this type of leukoencephalopathy on head magnetic resonance imaging. Both sporadic and familial NIID cases presented with a decline in Mini-Mental State Examination and Frontal Assessment Battery scores. Based on these clinicopathological features, we proposed a diagnosis flow chart of adult-onset NIID. Our study suggested that the prevalence rate of adult-onset NIID may be higher than previously thought, and that NIID may be underdiagnosed. We should take NIID into account for differential diagnosis of leukoencephalopathy and neuropathy.

Late-onset familial neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease presenting with dementia and unique MRI findings

Late-onset familial neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease presenting with dementia and unique MRI findings

Skin biopsy is useful for the antemortem diagnosis of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in neuronal and somatic cells. Because of the variety of clinical manifestations, antemortem diagnosis of NIID is difficult. Seven skin biopsy samples from patients with familial NIID were evaluated histochemically, and the results were compared with those of skin samples from normal control subjects and from patients with other neurologic diseases. We also examined skin biopsy samples from patients with NIID by electron microscopy. In NIID skin biopsy samples, intranuclear inclusions were observed in adipocytes, fibroblasts, and sweat gland cells. These inclusions were stained with both anti-ubiquitin and anti-SUMO1 antibodies. Electron microscopy revealed that the features of the intranuclear inclusions in adipocytes, fibroblasts, and sweat gland cells were identical to those of neuronal cells. Approximately 10% of adipocytes showed intranuclear inclusions. No intranuclear inclusions were identified in the skin samples from normal control subjects and patients with other neurologic diseases. Skin biopsy is an effective and less invasive antemortem diagnostic tool for NIID.

NSF, Unc-18-1, dynamin-1 and HSP90 are inclusion body components in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease identified by anti-SUMO-1-immunocapture

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, a progressive ataxia that may be familial or sporadic, is characterized by numerous neuronal intranuclear inclusion bodies similar to those found in polyglutamine repeat diseases. Previously, we found that the intranuclear inclusion bodies are intensely immunopositive for SUMO-1, a protein which covalently conjugates to other proteins in a similar way to ubiquitin. To identify the SUMO-1-associated proteins in the inclusion bodies, we isolated intranuclear inclusion bodies from fresh, frozen brain tissue of a case with familial neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease and solubilized the proteins. SUMO-1-associated inclusion body proteins were then immunocaptured using an anti-SUMO-1 antibody. The proteins, NSF, dynamin-1 and Unc-18-1 (rbSEC1), involved in membrane trafficking of proteins, and the chaperone HSP90, were identified following anti-SUMO-1-immunocapture by using tandem mass spectrometry and database searching. Immunohistochemistry of brain sections and crude brain homogenates of three cases of familial neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease confirmed the presence of these proteins in intranuclear inclusions.

SUMOylation substrates in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by the presence of ubiquitinated intranuclear inclusions (NII) in neuronal cells. We demonstrate that NIIs in both sporadic and familial NIID contained the small ubiquitin modifier-1 (SUMO-1) and the SUMOylation substrates promyelocytic leukaemia protein (PML) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Both PML and SUMO-1 are major components of nuclear bodies (NBs), suggesting that the NIIs in NIID, as well as the intranuclear inclusions in polyglutamine diseases, might derive from these intranuclear functional domains that serve as sites for ubiquitin-related protein degradation. HDAC4 was also a major component of the NIIs. HDACs are transcriptional corepressors that regulate histone remodelling, and NBs are thought to be sites at which the level of histone acetylation is controlled. The presence of PML, SUMO-1 and HDAC4 in NIIs suggests that transcriptional activity regulated by histone acetylation might contribute to the disease process in NIID. In addition, we showed that another SUMOylation substrate, RanGAP1 is associated with NIIs only in the familial NIID patient. This might be explained by different pathogenetic mechanisms underlying subcategories of NIID, which is very heterogeneous.

SUMO-1 marks the nuclear inclusions in familial neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive ataxia and neuronal nuclear inclusions (NIs), similar to the inclusions found in expanded CAG repeat diseases. NIID may be familial or sporadic. The cause of familial NIID is poorly understood, as no CAG expansion has been detected. We examined three cases, from two unrelated families, who had autosomal dominant NIID but normal CAG repeats in genes involved in polyglutamine neurodegenerative diseases. We found that NIs in all three cases were intensely immunopositive for SUMO-1, a protein which covalently conjugates to other proteins and targets them to the nuclear regions (nuclear bodies) responsible for nuclear proteasomal degradation. Electron microscopy demonstrated that SUMO-1 was located on the 10-nm fibrils of NIs. In cultured PC12 cells, we found that inhibition of proteasome function by specific inhibitors resulted in the appearance of SUMO-1-immunopositive nuclear inclusions. Our study suggests that recruitment of SUMO-1 modified proteins into insoluble nuclear inclusions and proteasomal dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of NIs in familial NIID cases.