Family Cultural Values Research Articles

"Generational trends in cultural values and perceived family relations in farm families”: Correction to Hsia and Quevillon (2012).

Reports an error in Generational trends in cultural values and perceived family relations in farm by Jennifer F. Hsia and Randal P. Quevillon (Journal of Rural Mental Health, 2012[Fal-Win], Vol 36[2], 27-32). In the article, there were citation errors in the text and an error in the reference list. A reference included Author as the author name, but should have been: Hsia, Jennifer F. (2011). Family relations, cultural values, and coping styles in multigenerational farm families. M.A. Thesis, The University of South Dakota, Vermillion. In two instances in the Discussion section, the citations of (Author, 2011) should have been (Hsia, 2011). (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2013-14906-005.) The present studies used a cultural perspective to examine relations in multigenerational farm families of the upper Midwest region. A pilot study was used to select the most appropriate measures for each construct, and the larger study was used to examine generational trends and cultural values. In the pilot study, participants were students attending the same public mid-sized university and their immediate family members. The larger study targeted a broader sample and included individuals who were not university-affiliated. Measures used included the Cultural Value Orientation Measure, the Intergenerational Congruence in Immigrant Families--Child Scale, and the Asian Values Scale--Revised. The overall finding from these studies is that the experiences of farm families are both similar to and different from the experiences of immigrant families. In regard to differences, the findings from these studies suggest that the current sample of farm families likely do not experience pronounced generational differences. Instead, all three generations report being generally content with their family situations. Language: en

Polish migrant youth in Scottish schools: conflicted identity and family capital

The perspectives of migrant children and young people have been largely omitted in youth studies. Existing literature focuses predominantly on young people born to migrant parents in the host country, while the problems of first generation of migrant youth have received limited attention. This paper focuses on first-generation Polish migrants and their experiences in relation to school transition, new language learning and the changing family relationships in the new social environment. It draws on ethnographic research, including in-depth interviews collected from 17 young people (aged 12–17) and their parents, as well as participant observation within homes and schools. Exploring the concept of family capital, the paper builds on Bourdieu's theory of cultural and social capital and Coleman's theory of social capital. It examines family support and cultural values, the transferability of family capital from one country to another in terms of educational success and social mobility and the capacity of young people to draw on their family capital and to develop their own social capital in a host country. The findings are discussed with reference to the existing literature and the possible ways of supporting young people through the development of policies and school practices.

Engagement of men in group treatment programs

The goal of this paper is to arrive at a better understanding of the process of men’s engagement in treatment groups. Given the low perseverance rate of men in such groups, engagement is crucial to program continuance and results. A number of treatment factors and strategies that can influence engagement in group therapy programs are drawn from a review of the literature. To gain a better understanding of the factors and how they interrelate, the literature was reviewed from the perspective of Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological model. The studies reviewed show that engagement is influenced by various factors associated with the characteristics of the participants, their family environment, treatment program, and cultural and social values. Current knowledge is discussed to highlight the main research and practice issues concerning men’s engagement in treatment groups. The review underscores the importance of exploring the influence of male socialization on men’s engagement, given that some traditional norms may curb their involvement and willingness to invest in group programs.

Refiguração do tempo histórico pela ficção

M. Bakhtin afirma que a representação de acontecimentos, relações e processos no romance deve abranger a totalidade de uma época – nela deve haver uma peculiar concatenação, literariamente expressa, espácio-temporal. Essa formulação contém elementos basilares para o entendimento e análise do romance, objeto deste estudo, Leite derramado de 2009 de Chico Buarque. A narrativa figura, pelo menos, duas grandes épocas históricas do Brasil: uma que vai do início do século XIX até 1930 e outra que vai desse momento ao início do XXI. É a representação da saga histórica da decadência de uma categoria social (fração da classe dominante), personificada na família Assumpção, com seus valores éticos e culturais, suas concepções de mundo e seu comportamento, estilizando sua dissolução social e moral. Ao fazer isso o romance coloca inúmeros problemas – desde humano-existenciais até histórico-políticos – para a reflexão do leitor.

Family Hardship and Cultural Values: Child Labor in Malian Small-Scale Gold Mining Communities

Summary This paper contributes to the debate on child labor in small-scale mining communities, focusing specifically on the situation in sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that the child labor now widespread in many of the region’s small-scale mining communities is a product of a combination of cultural issues, household-level poverty, and rural livelihood diversification. Experiences from Komana West, a subsistence gold panning area in Southern Mali, are drawn upon to make this case. The findings suggest that the sector’s child labor “problem” is far more nuanced than international organizations and policymakers have diagnosed.

Generational trends in cultural values and perceived family relations in farm families.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 37(1) of Journal of Rural Mental Health (see record 2013-31245-001). In the article, there were citation errors in the text and an error in the reference list. The reference, that included Author as the author name, should have been: Hsia, Jennifer F. (2011). Family relations, cultural values, and coping styles in multigenerational farm families. M.A. Thesis, The University of South Dakota, Vermillion. In two instances in the Discussion section, the citations of (Author, 2011) should have been (Hsia, 2011).] The present studies used a cultural perspective to examine relations in multigenerational farm families of the upper Midwest region. A pilot study was used to select the most appropriate measures for each construct, and the larger study was used to examine generational trends and cultural values. In the pilot study, participants were students attending the same public mid-sized university and their immediate family members. The larger study targeted a broader sample and included individuals who were not university-affiliated. Measures used included the Cultural Value Orientation Measure, the Intergenerational Congruence in Immigrant Families--Child Scale, and the Asian Values Scale--Revised. The overall finding from these studies is that the experiences of farm families are both similar to and different from the experiences of immigrant families. In regard to differences, the findings from these studies suggest that the current sample of farm families likely do not experience pronounced generational differences. Instead, all three generations report being generally content with their family situations. Language: en

Effects of Gender on Burden Among Caregivers of Alzheimer's Patients

This study was conducted to determine the effects of gender on caregiver burden among caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease. Comparative descriptive study. Factors affecting the burden of female and male caregivers (age, total duration of caregiving, mean duration of daily caregiving, education, income, employment status, age of the patients cared for, and Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] and Neuropsychiatric Inventory [NPI] scores) were similar (p > .05). The sample consisted of 120 female and 72 male caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Data were collected from patients by means of the MMSE and demographic variables, and data from the Caregiver Burden Inventory [CBI] and NPI were obtained from caregivers, as well as from face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were used to describe and analyze data. Female caregivers had significantly higher scores for caregiver burden than their male counterparts (p= .002). Subscale analysis on the CSI revealed that female caregivers had significantly higher scores for caregiver burden than male caregivers on time dependence (p= .040), developmental (p= .002), physical (p= .001), and social burdens (p= .045). No difference was found with respect to emotional burden (p= .718). Results of this study suggest that female caregivers are subjected to a higher level of caregiver burden than male caregivers in Turkey. In subscales, female caregivers experienced more burden than male caregivers in the time dependence, developmental, physical, and social burdens. Emotional burden was similar in both genders. Although caregiver burden has been a much debated issue for many years, it is a relatively new topic in Turkey. In order to provide appropriate care for the patient's and family's cultural values and needs, more studies are needed to be conducted on family members giving care to Alzheimer's patients. It is thought that the findings of the present study will facilitate cross-cultural comparisons and culture-oriented care planning.

Generational Differences in Serious Physical Violence Among Hispanic Adolescents

Objective: The purpose of this study is (a) to evaluate the predictors of serious physical violence among Hispanics using a longitudinal, nationally representative sample of adolescents, and (b) to evaluate the effects of multiple levels of influence (generational differences, individual-level characteristics, and contextual variables) on serious violence during adolescence. Method: Data were derived from 4,786 Hispanic adolescents surveyed for the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Survey logistic regression procedures were used to examine the independent effect of generation, including multilevel risk and protective factors, on serious physical violence. Results: 3rd generation U.S.-born adolescents were 75% more likely to be violent 1 year later ( OR = 1.75; p < .05), independent of various risk and protective factors contextual effects (parental involvement, parental alcohol use, neighborhood safety), demographics (age, gender), individual-level risk and protective factors (alcohol use, marijuana use), and baseline violence. Conclusions: Generational differences exist in serious physical violence, and 3rd generation and beyond adolescents are at greater risk of violent behavior. Violence prevention strategies should focus on the retention of family bonds and cultural values of the host country in prevention programming, and generational status should be taken into account to reduce participation in violence among Hispanic youth.

Unikkaartuit: Meanings of Well‐Being, Unhappiness, Health, and Community Change Among Inuit in Nunavut, Canada

Suicide among young Inuit in the Canadian Arctic is at an epidemic level. In order to understand the distress and well-being experienced in Inuit communities, a first step in understanding collective suicide, this qualitative study was designed. Fifty Inuit were interviewed in two Inuit communities in Nunavut, Canada, and questionnaires asking the same questions were given to 66 high school and college students. The areas of life investigated here were happiness and wellbeing, unhappiness, healing, and community and personal change. Three themes emerged as central to well-being: the family, talking/communication, and traditional Inuit cultural values and practices. The absence of these factors were most closely associated with unhappiness. Narratives about community and personal change were primarily about family, intergenerational segregation, an increasing population, more trouble in romantic relationships among youth, drug use, and poverty. Change over time was viewed primarily as negative. Discontinuity of kinship structure and function appears to be the most harmful effect of the internal colonialism imposed by the Canadian government in the 1950s and 1960s. Directions toward community control and action are encouraging, and are highlighted. Inuit community action toward suicide prevention and community wellness is part of a larger movement of Indigenous self-determination.

Culturally Competent Case Study: Perspective from the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

This case study is intended to help occupational therapists gain an appreciation for how collaboration can support effective service delivery in other cultures through cross-cultural awareness of Asian and Pacific Islanders' practices in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Therapists use clinical reasoning to identify hierarchical skill acquisition for the child and consider the family's cultural values when developing an individualized family service plan and an individualized education plan. Early intervention and early childhood special education programs collaborate to provide smooth transitions and carryover of outcomes. Developing cultural competency may enhance occupational therapy services for families and children at ages birth to 5. Furthermore, the purpose is to understand different cultural contexts and encourage professionals to blend the family's priorities with the clinician's expertise to implement optimal service delivery for children in special education.

Engagement of men in group treatment programs

The goal of this paper is to arrive at a better understanding of the process of men's engagement in treatment groups. Given the low perseverance rate of men in such groups, engagement is crucial to program continuance and results. A number of treatment factors and strategies that can infl uence engagement in group therapy programs are drawn from a review of the literature. To gain a better understanding of the factors and how they interrelate, the literature was reviewed from the perspective of Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological model. The studies reviewed show that engagement is infl uenced by various factors associated with the characteristics of the participants, their family environment, treatment program, and cultural and social values. Current knowledge is discussed to highlight the main research and practice issues concerning men's engagement in treatment groups. The review underscores the importance of exploring the infl uence of male socialization on men's engagement, given that some traditional norms may curb their involvement and willingness to invest in group programs.

Assessing Diverse Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Assessing Diverse Students With Autism Spectrum Disorders

HIV and AIDS-related stigma in the context of family support and race in South Africa

Objectives. In this paper, we describe the first phase of a research project designed to quantify the role of race and cultural identity in HIV-related stigma. The ultimate purpose is to develop an intervention that could be implemented in Black and Colored communities in Cape Town, South Africa. Design. The PEN-3 model provided the theoretical basis for this research. A total of 397 Black and Colored participants were recruited from two communities to complete a 16-item multi-part questionnaire that was developed based on focus groups and key informant interviews. A total of 196 questionnaires were administered in Mitchell's Plain and 201 were administered in Gugulethu. Both communities are located approximately 20 km outside the city of Cape Town in an area known as the Cape Flats. Data were collected on individuals' perceptions of stigma in the contexts of the family, healthcare settings, and the community. However, only the family context is explored here. Participants were also asked to identify what they felt should be the most important area of emphasis for researchers in eliminating stigma. Similarities and differences in perceptions between Black and Colored South Africans were examined. Results. Data were compiled on the family support domain of stigma. Though most either disagreed or were neutral, nearly equal numbers of Blacks and Coloreds thought stigma occurred in families. Blacks were also more likely than Coloreds to report experiencing stigma in their families. Both Blacks and Coloreds felt the family should be the most important focus of interventions for eliminating HIV-related stigma. Conclusion. Within the context of the family race, cultural values, and religious and spiritual values all contribute to HIV stigma in South Africa. Interventions should address the role of stigma within families in order to promote better HIV prevention, treatment, and care.

Home–School Literacy Connections: The Perceptions of African American and Immigrant ESL Parents in Two Urban Communities

Background/Context Educational reform has emphasized the importance of parent involvement. Perhaps the most common instantiations of parent involvement are various efforts to encourage particular reading practices in the home. Although there is some research supporting the efficacy of “family literacy” initiatives, these efforts have been criticized for their deficit orientation and cultural insensitivity. Some educators have attempted to create family literacy practices considerate of the cultural and material demands of families, but no one has investigated how parents actually experience these initiatives. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This research examined parent perceptions of school-to-home literacy initiatives intended to encourage particular literacy practices in the homes of families living in two predominantly poor urban communities served by underperforming schools; specifically, How do African American and immigrant ESL parents living in these two urban communities experience various school-to-home literacy initiatives? These groups of urban parents were interviewed because they and their children are especially likely to be targeted by family literacy initiatives. The study focused on school-to-home literacy practices that attempted to influence literacy in the home because these are the most common instantiations of family literacy. Population/Participants/Subjects The participants included 18 African American and 14 immigrant ESL parents living in two large urban centers in the northeastern United States. Research Design: Open-ended, qualitative interviews were conducted with the participants to elicit parents’ perceptions of school-to-home literacy practices. Interviews ranged from 30 to 60 minutes in length and were conducted by two doctoral students trained by the author. Data Collection and Analysis Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and, if necessary, translated into English. Based on multiple readings of the data, several core themes were identified that were the focus of the data analysis. Data were analyzed through a process called modified analytic induction to develop a “loose descriptive theory” of how these urban parents experienced school-to-home literacy initiatives. Conclusions/Recommendations The analysis of the data indicated that school-to-home literacy practices, as experienced by these parents, did not always fit well with family routines, cultural values, or expectations. The analysis also highlighted a one-way model of school-home communication that provided few opportunities for school-to-home literacy initiatives to respond to the needs of individual families. It was concluded that a model of family literacy considerate of families’ cultural and material needs depends on creating spaces for parents to share their needs, expectations, and values—and for school officials to listen.

Technology Domestication in the Asian Homestead: Comparing the Experiences of Middle Class Families in China and South Korea

Using technology domestication theory as the analytical framework, this paper discusses the findings of ethnographic interviews with middle class families in China and South Korea, comparing how they incorporate information and communication technologies (ICTs) into their lives. It analyses how family priorities, cultural values and social pressures influence the ways in which ICT use is woven into their lives, in the process invigorating traditional forms and networks of communication like guanxi for the Chinese and Cheong for the Koreans. It also pays special attention to supervision of ICT use and considers how the societal valorisation of academic excellence influences parental strategies in this regard.

Technology Domestication in the Asian Homestead: Comparing the Experiences of Middle Class Families in China and South Korea

Using technology domestication theory as the analytical framework, this paper discusses the findings of ethnographic interviews with middle class families in China and South Korea, comparing how they incorporate information and communication technologies (ICTs) into their lives. It analyses how family priorities, cultural values and social pressures influence the ways in which ICT use is woven into their lives, in the process invigorating traditional forms and networks of communication like guanxi for the Chinese and Cheong for the Koreans. It also pays special attention to supervision of ICT use and considers how the societal valorisation of academic excellence influences parental strategies in this regard.

Family Relations and the Adjustment of Young Children of Mexican Descent: Do Family Cultural Values Moderate These Associations?

AbstractThis study examined the role of family cultural values as moderators of the association between family relations and the adjustment of young children. Fifty‐five families of Mexican descent with young children enrolled in Head Start programs in the Southwest participated. Mothers provided information about closeness of the mother–child relationship, warmth in the sibling relationship, child behavior problems, and familism and simpatía, or two cultural values associated with families of Mexican origin. The children's preschool teachers provided information about child emotional adjustment and social functioning with peers six months later. Familism was found to act as a moderator, whereby warmth and closeness in family relationships coupled with the endorsement of a family cultural value that complements these relationship characteristics was associated with more optimal functioning in preschool classrooms. Results demonstrate the need to evaluate family cultural values or beliefs systems in conjunction with qualities of family relationships as determinants of children's developmental outcomes. Specifically, familism emerged as a family characteristic capable of promoting young children's adjustment within and beyond the family context.

Family-centered and Culturally Responsive Assistive Technology Decision Making

A family-centered approach is recommended practice for assistive technology (AT) decision making with families who have infants and toddlers with disabilities. Involving families in AT decision making involves careful gathering of information needed to address the family strengths, needs, and priorities, and to match the AT decision-making process with the family's culture. It also involves matching the infant or toddler with a disability to AT and the natural environments and activities where the devices and services will be used. Assistive technology can also enhance opportunities for infants and toddlers to develop early skills of self-determination when this is consistent with a family's cultural values. The article discusses (a) the role of AT in the service planning process; (b) issues related to working with families across cultures; (c) issues related to effective AT decision making when working with culturally and linguistically diverse families who have infants and toddlers with disabilities; and (d) a process of cultural reciprocity for meaningful information gathering during the AT decision-making process. Future issues for family-centered research and personnel preparation training are discussed for infants and toddlers with AT needs and their families.

Health-seeking behaviors of elderly Chinese Americans: shifts in expectations.

This study reported a qualitative analysis of health-seeking behaviors of community-dwelling elderly Chinese Americans on the influences of family network, cultural values, and immigrant experience in their use of health resources. Barriers to health care, pathway of health care, and adaptation of health care by use of self-treatment and Eastern and Western medicines were also examined. The investigators used content analysis to obtain themes and key points of focus group interview data (N = 25) to explore the elderly participants' attitudes, values, and practices in their use of health resources. Survey questionnaires in Chinese were used to compile demographic data. Findings suggested a shift from traditional expectations of filial piety to more dependence on neighbors and friends, and a genuine adaptability to combining Eastern and Western health care modalities. Immigration was not proposed by these Chinese elders as an explanation of shifts in expectations for family support or values. This study has implications for research, service delivery, and policy making for health care of ethnic elderly persons, particularly in addressing structural and cultural issues in access and compliance.

Meal-Planning Strategies: Ethnic Populations

Cultural awareness in today’s society has become increasingly important for diabetes clinicians and educators. Demographics in the United States are changing rapidly, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes among many racial and ethnic groups is extremely high. To be effective in encouraging clients among these groups to make healthier food choices, counselors require a specific knowledge of various food habits, preferences, and practices. All people use food in culturally defined ways, and the meaning of food in our lives far exceeds that of simply providing sustenance. Cultural food patterns are defined by what foods are eaten, when they are eaten, how they are eaten, and with whom they are eaten. Ethnic groups differ in how they identify foods and how they prepare them, the condiments they use, and the timing and frequency of meals. Foods are also frequently used in symbolic ways, playing an integral role in religious ceremonies and social events. Although cultural food practices are dynamic and ever-changing, many of the traditions relating to them persist even with a high level of social acculturation. Cultural competency is the ability to work effectively with clients of different cultural backgrounds. Counseling must be based on counselors’ awareness of their own cultural beliefs and worldview and of their own personal stereotypes and preconceived notions. This self-awareness is the starting point for developing sensitivity to cultural differences and for understanding the importance of family patterns, cultural values, and beliefs and behaviors that relate to food practices.1 Knowledge of the culture of an ethnic group can be obtained from many sources: first from the current literature; then through working with community leaders and members, spiritual and religious leaders, and medical practitioners (particularly community health workers) who serve the group; and, if it is appropriate, from consultation with traditional healers. Counselors should …