Familial Correlations Research Articles

Faktor Perilaku Memengaruhi Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Masyarakat Miskin di RSUD Gunungsitoli Kabupaten Nias Tahun 2019

Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Rumah Sakit di Indonesia khususnya bagi masyarakat miskin masih belum optimal, hal ini disebabkan karena adanya beberapa faktor perilaku yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dan pengaruh faktor perilaku yaitu: pengetahuan, informasi, biaya, transportasi, dan dukungan keluarga terhadap pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan di RSUD Gunungsitoli Kabupaten Nias 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian survey dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 92 orang masyarakat miskin pengguna rujukan yang telah diambil secara proposional menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah di uji validitas dan realiabilitasnya dengan 47 soal pertanyaan. Uji statistik setiap variabel untuk mengetahui hubungan digunakan uji chi-square dengan taraf signifikan 95% sementara variabel berpengaruh diuji dengan regresi logistik dengan taraf signifikan 95%. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang memiliki hubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat miskin di RSUD Gunungsitoli Kabupaten Nias 2019 adalah pengetahuan, informasi, transportasi, dan dukungan keluarga. Berdasarkan hasil uji regresi logistik ada dua faktor yang memengaruhi pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat miskin di RSUD Gunungsitoli Kabupaten Nias 2019, yaitu pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga. Faktor dukungan keluarga memiliki pengaruh dominan terhadap pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat miskin di RSUD Gunungsitoli Kabupaten Nias 2019. Disarankan kepada Pemerintah Kabupaten Nias untuk meningkatkan monitoring program kesehatan khususnya untuk peningkatan pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga masyarakat miskin terhadap pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan.Disarankan agar penyuluhan kesehatan dilakukan lebih aktif agar pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga meningkat, dilaksanakan oleh Dinas Kesehatan bekerja sama dengan RSUD Gunungsitoli dan Puskesmas yang ada di wilayah Kabupaten Nias.

Keratoconus Prevalence in Families: A French Study

To assess the keratoconus (KC) prevalence among first-degree relatives of affected subjects. We performed large epidemiological, prospective, and observational cohort, which took place in the French KC National Reference Centre, in Bordeaux. We studied data from 94 unrelated patients with KC and at least 2 first-degree relatives assessable. Each subject had a thorough ocular examination including visual acuity, refraction, slitlamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, keratometry, corneal topography and tomographer (Topographic Modeling System; Tomey Corporation, Japan; and Galilei G4, Ziemer, Switzerland, respectively), pachymetry, and biomechanical properties of cornea (Ocular Response Analyzer; Reichert, Depew, NY). Additional data were collected about atopy, smoking, and eye-rubbing habits. KC prevalence, multivariate analysis, and familial correlation analysis have been studied. Of the 221 relatives, 9.05% (n = 20) had clinically manifest KC, and 15.4% (n = 31) had subclinical KC. The prevalence of KC was estimated equal to 0.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07-0.22] among parents, 0.03 (95% CI, 0-0.10) among offspring, and 0.10 (95% CI, 0.04-0.20) among siblings. In multivariable analysis, age and eye-rubbing were associated with an increased risk of KC. The familial correlation of KC among probands' first-degree relatives was estimated at 0.55 among parents, 0.29 among offspring, and 0.49 among siblings. Being a first-degree relative of a subject with KC remains a risk factor for developing KC. This should be taken into account especially when screening for KC in pediatric patients, for refractive surgery candidates, and for patients being evaluated for cataract surgery.

Application of resistance drilling to genetic studies of growth, wood basic density and bark thickness in Eucalyptus globulus

ABSTRACT Tree breeders are increasingly using resistance drilling (RESI) for the non-destructive assessment of wood basic density, but its application to the measurement of stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and bark thickness is less reported. Using Eucalyptus globulus progeny trials established with open-pollinated families from native trees representing 13 subraces, and adjusting bark thickness for its inherent phenotypic relationship with DBH, we: (1) quantified the genetic correlation between RESI and analogous traditional measurements of these traits; and (2) studied their genetic architecture and associations with subrace home-site climate. Significant variation was detected for all traditional and RESI-derived traits at the family and subrace level. High family and subrace-level correlations (>0.90) were found between RESI and traditional methods for all three traits. Bark thickness exhibited among the highest subrace differentiation (QST > 0.63) reported to date for E. globulus, signalling divergent selection. Increasing bark thickness was positively associated with home-site temperature annual range and seasonality. Although subrace differentiation for wood density (RESI and traditional measures) was less (QST = 0.18–0.21), a similar climate association was detected, and the subrace-level correlation with bark thickness was positive and significant (0.61–0.75). However, the non-significant correlations between bark thickness and wood density at the family level suggest that selective covariance rather than pleiotropy have caused the correlated patterns of subrace variation. Variation in bark thickness (adjusted) and wood density was independent of DBH at the family and subrace level. Given the importance of these traits, RESI provides a useful approach for non-destructive assessments for silvicultural, genetics and ecological studies of forest trees.

Longitudinal Trajectories of Caregiver Distress and Family Functioning After Community-Acquired Pediatric Septic Shock.

To identify trajectories and correlates of caregiver distress and family functioning in families of children who survived community-acquired septic shock. We hypothesized that: 1) a substantial subset of families would demonstrate trajectories of persistent elevated caregiver distress and impaired family functioning 12 months after hospitalization and 2) sociodemographic and clinical risk factors would be associated with trajectories of persistent distress and family dysfunction. Prospective cohort. Fourteen PICUs in the United States. Caregivers of 260 children who survived community-acquired septic shock. None. Caregivers completed ratings of distress on the Brief Symptom Inventory and of family functioning on the Family Assessment Device at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after hospitalization. Results from group-based trajectory modeling indicated that 67% of the current sample was characterized by persistent low caregiver distress, 26% by persistent moderate to high distress that remained stable across 12 months (high-risk caregiver distress group), and 8% by initial high distress followed by gradual recovery. Forty percent of the sample was characterized by stable high family functioning, 15% by persistent high dysfunction across 12 months (high-risk family functioning group), 12% by gradually improving functioning, and 32% by deteriorating function over time. Independently of age, child race was associated with membership in the high-risk caregiver distress group (non-white/Hispanic; effect size, -0.12; p = 0.010). There were no significant sociodemographic or clinical correlates of the high-risk family functioning group in multivariable analyses. Although the majority of families whose children survived community-acquired septic shock were characterized by resilience, a subgroup demonstrated trajectories of persistently elevated distress and family dysfunction during the 12 months after hospitalization. Results suggest a need for family-based psychosocial screening after pediatric septic shock to identify and support at-risk families.

Effect of household water treatment with chlorine on diarrhea among children under the age of five years in rural areas of Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial

BackgroundDiarrheal disease is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity worldwide. Household water treatment with chlorine significantly reduces morbidity due to waterborne diseases. However, the effect of point-of-use (POU) water treatment in improving the quality of water in areas where POU is not provided free of charge and the effectiveness of home visits in inspiring household members to use POU regularly have not been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of drinking water disinfection by chlorination on diarrheal disease reduction among children under the age of 5 years in rural eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out in rural Dire Dawa from October 2018 through January 2019. The 405 households were randomized to intervention and control arms and intervention materials were distributed after conducting a baseline survey. This trial evaluated the effectiveness of household drinking water disinfection by chlorination in reducing incidence of diarrhea among children under the age of 5 years. Intervention households received 1.2% sodium hypochlorite with demonstration of its proper use. Participants in the control households continued with their usual habits of water collection and water storage. Generalized estimation equations (GEE) with log link Poisson distribution family and exchangeable correlation matrix was used to compute crude incidence rate ratio (IRR), adjusted IRR and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsIn the intervention households, in total, 281 cases of diarrhea were documented (8.7 cases per 100 person-weeks observation); in the control households, in total 446 cases of diarrhea were documented (13.8 cases per 100 person-weeks observation). A 36.0% (adjusted IRR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.57–0.73) reduction in incidence of diarrhea was observed in the intervention arm when compared with the control arm. The highest and the lowest reductions were obtained in children of age ranges 1 to 2 years and 3 to 4 years, 42.7 and 30.4%, respectively. Adherence to the intervention was 81.3% as measured by free residual chlorine test.ConclusionsIn rural areas where diarrhea is the second leading cause of morbidity, water chlorination at the household level using liquid bleach considerably reduced episodes of diarrhea among children under the age of 5 years. Therefore, chlorinating drinking water at the household level may be a valuable interim solution for reducing the incidence of diarrheal diseases until potable water is made accessible to the majority of the population in Dire Dawa Administration and other Ethiopian communities.Trial registrationPACTR, PACTR201807815961394. Registered 16 July 2018, www.pactr.org

Correlation of family expressed emotion and frequency of relapse schizophrenia patients

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder in the psychiatric field, is chronic, and is characterized by recurring relapse. The causative factor that plays an important role is the expressed emotion (EE) of the family. The aim of this study was to determine the expressed emotion scores of families who treated schizophrenic patients at Sanglah Hospital. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional analytical method. Measurement of the EE of families using the Family Questionnaire (FQ). Data were analyzed descriptively and used the Spearman correlation test with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: The research participants were 61 families of schizophrenia patients treated at Sanglah Hospital, female (57.4%), and average age 45 years old. The results showed a correlation between the family’s expressed emotion score and the frequency of recurrence of schizophrenic patients in Sanglah Hospital, which was statistically significant (R=0.611, p <0.001). That value shows that the correlation between the family expressed emotion score and the frequency of relapse patients with schizophrenia at Sanglah Hospital has a strong categorical correlation. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the scores of family expressed emotion and the frequency of relapse in schizophrenia patients, where the expressed emotion of families is high, the frequency of relapse in schizophrenia patients will increase.

0701 Positive Airway Pressure Therapy To Treat Sleep Disordered Breathing Impacts Number Of Hospitalizations In Patients With Heart Failure

Abstract Introduction Some studies have shown a benefit while others have shown possible harm in patient outcomes when using positive airway pressure therapy (PAP) for treating sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in patients with heart failure (HF). The goal of this study was to evaluate the number of HF-related and all-cause related hospitalizations in patients with HF and SDB on various forms of PAP therapy versus those on no PAP therapy. Methods Administrative claims data from the Truven Health MarketScan Database from 1/1/2005- 10/31/2015 were analyzed. Those included were at least 21 years old, were continuously enrolled for 12 months before and 6 months after their index date (date of PAP prescription), had at least two distinct HF-related claims and were prescribed PAP therapy (n=1,324,414). To model the relationship between each device and hospitalization risk, and to account for the longitudinal and correlated nature of these binary outcome data, generalized estimating equations with binomial family, logit link, and unstructured correlation structure were used. Results There were a total of 12,538 patients on Bilevel-PAP, 2,700 patients on bilevel-PAP with backup rate, and 57,405 patients on CPAP, and 73,353 patients with HF and comorbid sleep apnea who were not on any treatment. The reduction in HF-related hospitalization for patients with HF and comorbid SDB treated with bilevel-PAP therapy (0.28; 95% CI 0.26, 0.31) was greater than that in patients receiving CPAP (OR 0.46 95% CI 0.43, 0.49), bilevel PAP with back-up rate (0.39; 95% CI 0.32, 0.49), or no PAP treatment (OR 0.54; 95%CI 0.50, 0.57)(P<0.01). Similar trend was observed for all-cause related hospitalizations. All results were adjusted for propensity score and other relevant confounders. Conclusion In claims-based analysis of patients with HF and comorbid SDB, bilevel PAP treatment was associated with reduced hospitalizations when compared to CPAP therapy or no PAP treatment. Support Phillips Respironics

The Role of Marital Satisfaction and Perceived Social Support on Depression of Empty and Full Nest Elderly

Background: Elderly psychopathology has a special significance that nest status (living with or without offspring) can make it more complicated. This study aimed to assess predictors of depression in the elderly empty and nonempty nest. Methods: This correlational descriptive-casual and effect research was conducted in elderly day care centers, some city locations such as parks and streets, and retirement department of administrations and companies. Participants who answered 7 of 10 questions of Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) were entered into the research. 274 valid questionnaires were selected from 350 questionnaires distributed between older adults 60 years old and older. The sample was selected by sampling availability but location and population variations were considered. To collect the data we used the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (12 items, MSPSS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and Marital Satisfaction Index (IMS). Regression analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results: Depression was negatively correlated with marital satisfaction and all subscales of MSPSS in both groups (empty and nonempty nest). In the empty nest group, the correlation of depression and family (-0.552), significant others (-0.372), and friends (-201) support, and marital satisfaction (+0.552) were significant (p < 0.01). In the full nest group, the correlation of depression and family (-0.435), and friends (-0.385) support was significant (p < 0.01). Also correlation of depression and significant others (0.279) support, and marital satisfaction (-0.424) were significant (p < .05). In the empty nest group, marital satisfaction and family support reversely predicted depression. In the full nest group marital satisfaction reversely predicted depression. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that considering nest status in elderly depression is important and the type and power of variables in predicting depression in empty and full nest elderly are different. The findings of this study can have significant implications for geriatric health professionals.

Individual, Family, and Environmental Correlates of Motor Competence in Young Children: Regression Model Analysis of Data Obtained from Two Motor Tests.

Physical activity and motor competence (MC) have been considered to be closely related and prevent childhood obesity. The aim of the study was two-fold: to examine MC measured with two different tools in relation to individual, family, and environmental correlates and to investigate gender differences in MC. The Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3) was administered to three- to seven-year-old children (n = 945), while the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) was also used for five- to seven-year-old children (n = 444). The parent questionnaire (n = 936) included questions about individual (e.g., participation in organized sports), family (e.g., parents’ education level), and environmental (e.g., access to sports facilities) correlates. The children’s temperament was assessed using the Colorado Childhood Temperament Inventory (CCTI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and linear mixed-effects regression models. The regression models explained 57% and 38% of the variance in TGMD-3 and KTK, respectively. Individual correlates, including older age, more frequent participation in sports, and specific temperament traits of activity and attention span-persistence, were the strongest predictors for better MC. Small gender differences were found in both assessment tools, albeit in a different manner. In conclusion, socioecological correlates of MC in young children are multidimensional, and individual correlates appear to be the most important predictors of MC. Importantly, the correlates can differ according to the MC assessment tools.

Сравнительно-типологический анализ терминов родства в индоевропейских языках (на примере английского, немецкого, русского и урду)

Статья посвящена изучению терминов родства в английском, немецком, русском и урду – языках, принадлежащих индоевропейской языковой семье. Родственные отношения являются ключевыми для любого этноса и как важный элемент картины мира воплощаются в терминах родства. Целью данного исследования является анализ терминологической системы родства в указанных языках, а также выявление их этнокультурной специфики и сопоставление способов лексического обозначения членов семейной группы в исследуемых языках. В рамках проводимого исследования предпринимается попытка систематизировать термины родства. На основании ряда признаков (пол, характер родства, степень родства, родовая соотносительность, возрастные различия) проводится классификация изучаемых терминов, что позволяет наиболее точно установить специфику языковой репрезентации семантики терминов родства. В ходе исследования выдвигается гипотеза о потенциальном вытеснении ряда лексем из широкого обихода другими лексическими единицами более широкой семантики, что обусловливается экстралингвистическими реалиями. Полученные в результате анализа поисковых запросов, а также проведенного анкетирования носителей изучаемых языков данные подтверждают выпадение из активного употребления некоторых терминов родства и замену их описательными конструкциями. Таким образом, процесс конвергенции является одной из тенденций развития терминологической системы родства в исследуемых индоевропейских языках. Данный факт свидетельствует об изменениях, происходящих в социуме различных этносов. Определение этнокультурных особенностей представляется актуальным, так как дает возможность более глубоко проникнуть в суть социальных отношений на текущем витке человеческого развития в определенном языковом пространстве. Выражение национальных и культурных особенностей посредством языковых единиц является трудной задачей для иностранцев, изучающих язык той или иной страны. Тем не менее этот процесс интересен, поскольку расширение сферы межкультурных взаимодействий включает проникновение в этнические и культурные особенности языков для осуществления успешной куоммуникативной деятельности.

Profiles and sociodemographic correlates of Internet addiction in early adolescents in southern China

Adolescent Internet addiction is currently one of the most common and serious publicly social problems. Understanding Internet addiction in early adolescents has become particularly important for early detection and intervention. This study examines profiles of Internet addiction among Chinese early adolescents and explores both the personal and familial correlates of Internet addiction based on a large random sample. A total of 2059 Chinese seventh-grade students were invited to complete the questionnaire, which included sociodemographic factors, family functions, and Internet addiction. The results reveal that 15.3% of the participating Chinese early adolescents were defined by Young (1998) criteria as expressing Internet addiction, in which boys were more likely to express Internet addiction than girls. Students with poor academic achievements were also more likely to fall into this addiction. Adolescents who did not live with their parents and who experienced more family conflicts and less family communication were more likely to report Internet addiction. These findings suggest that focusing on boys and academic under-performers as well as improving family environments can help early adolescents reduce their propensity to become addicted to the Internet.

Do the socioeconomic context and the European geographical area modify parental influences on smoking experimentation among adolescents?

Adolescent smoking is a major public health problem. While the socioeconomic status (SES) of the neighbourhood and that of the family are known to play a role in smoking onset and progression, it is not clear whether it modifies the association between parental influences and adolescent behaviour. The purpose of this study is to investigate family correlates of adolescent smoking experimentation and to explore the modifying role of socioeconomic context and European geographical area in a sample of European adolescents. This is a secondary analysis of the baseline survey of the European Drug Addiction Prevention (EU-Dap) trial which took place in seven European countries and involved 7079 students. School SES was used as indicator of socioeconomic context. European countries were aggregated in two geographical areas: North-Central and South. The associations between parental, family factors, and adolescents smoking experimentation were analysed through multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression models, stratified by school SES and European geographical area. Parental smoking, permissiveness towards tobacco, family conflicts, problematic relationships, low connectedness, and low parental control were significantly associated with adolescent smoking experimentation. Paternal smoking was a stronger correlate of adolescent smoking in low SES schools, while maternal smoking in high SES schools. Parental permissiveness was a stronger correlate in low SES schools. Family conflicts and low parental control were correlates only in low SES schools. The associations did not substantially differ between European geographical areas, with the exception of parental smoking that was a stronger correlate in the North, and parental control that was a correlate only in the South of Europe. To reduce inequalities in tobacco-related outcomes, prevention efforts in low socioeconomic contexts appear to be a public health priority. Parental smoking, permissiveness, family relationships, and connectedness should be addressed in preventive programs.

Factors associated with family functioning among people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and primary family caregivers.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Families act not only as the primary support for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia but also as partners in the healthcare system. Families who have members with mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia, experience challenges in family functioning. Research on families in relation to schizophrenia primarily focuses on the determinants that affect family functioning from primary family caregivers' perspectives. WHAT DOES THE PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This report provides evidence that there is a concordance between family functioning and inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation facilities for the patient-caregiver dyad; both care-receivers and primary family caregivers considered family functioning as poor. Care-receivers with lower education levels, increased number of previous hospitalizations and poor quality of family-centred care experienced unhealthy family functioning. Primary family caregivers and care-receivers with higher education levels, lower suicidality and greater quality of family-centred care experienced healthier family functioning. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Understanding the degree of family functioning, particularly its concordance and correlates as perceived by patients and primary family caregivers, may serve as a platform for inculcating assessment of family functioning to achieve holistic patient care. Open dialogue in family-focused care planning is essential to facilitate collaborative partnerships and improve family functioning among people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and their primary family caregivers. Further research on culturally relevant, evidence-based family interventions to enhance the functioning of affected families is warranted, especially for families with members in inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation facilities. ABSTRACT: Introduction Families provide frontline caregiving support for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, research primarily addresses correlates of family functioning from primary family caregivers' perspectives. Aim To examine perceived family functioning, particularly its concordance within patient-caregiver dyads and associated factors in families of people living with schizophrenia. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was used. A total of 133 dyads of patients and primary family caregivers from inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation services participated. Descriptive statistics, independent-sample t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, intraclass correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were applied. Results Family functioning was perceived as impaired by patient-caregiver dyads, and there existed a concordance in this regard. Patients' and family caregivers' education levels, patients' suicidality, number of previous hospitalizations and quality of family-centred care correlated with patients' and primary family caregivers' family functioning. Discussion Findings highlight the importance of patient- and family-reported family functioning with implications to address individual and collective concerns. Implications for Practice Evidence-based family interventions are crucial for assisting vulnerable families in promoting family functioning. Mental health nurses should facilitate collaboration and open dialogue concerning perspectives of patients and families to improve delivery of comprehensive mental health care.

An Accidental Genetic Epidemiologist.

I briefly describe my early life and how, through a series of serendipitous events, I became a genetic epidemiologist. I discuss how the Elston-Stewart algorithm was discovered and its contribution to segregation, linkage, and association analysis. New linkage findings and paternity testing resulted from having a genotyping lab. The different meanings of interaction-statistical and biological-are clarified. The computer package S.A.G.E. (Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology), based on extensive method development over two decades, was conceived in 1986, flourished for 20 years, and is now freely available for use and further development. Finally, I describe methods to estimate and test hypotheses about familial correlations, and point out that the liability model often used to estimate disease heritability estimates the heritability of that liability, rather than of the disease itself, and so can be highly dependent on the assumed distribution of that liability.

The Correlation of Family and Household Factors on The Incidence of Stunting on Toddlers in Three Villages Sumberbaru Health Center Work Area of Jember

Stunting is a condition of the child's length or height according to his age compared to the WHO standard, the z-score is less than -2SD. Stunting is caused by multifactorial which can affect directly or indirectly and causes various adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of family and household factors on the incidence of stunting (especially sex of toddler, age of toddler, father's education, mother's education, mother's employment status, number of children, birth distance, family income, and mother's height) in three villages Sumberbaru Health Center Work Area of Jember. This type of research is observational analytic research with cross-sectional research design. A sample of 130 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling technique. Bivariate analysis using chi-square test and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression. The results of the bivariate analysis of this study showed p <0.05 on sex of toddler, number of children, family income, mother’s height, and p > 0.05 on age of toddler, father's education, mother's education, mother's employment status, birth distance. Multivariate analysis showed mother's height <147cm (p = 0,007; OR = 3,345), family income below UMK Jember (p = 0,045; OR = 2,344), and male sex (p = 0,044; OR = 0,456 ). Based on these results it can be concluded that the incidence of stunting is directly affected by mother's height <147cm, family income below UMK Jember, and male sex of boys. While indirectly affected by the number of children >2. Factors that did not affect the incidence of stunting were the age of the toddler, father's education, mother's education, mother's employment status, and birth distance. Mother's height <147cm is the most influencing factor.

Identifying psychosocial and familial correlates and the impact of the stressful life events in the onset of anorexia nervosa: Control-case study (ANOBAS): Psychosocial and familial correlates and stressful life events in AN

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a multifactorial illness. Although several studies have determined which factors could predispose AN, few studies have determined which factors could precipitate it. What is more, it has been suggested that having experienced stressful life events (SLE) could be related to the onset of AN. The aim of this study was to explore specific psychosocial and familial correlates and the impact of SLE in the onset of AN. Following a case-control design, 40 adolescents diagnosed with AN were matched to three control groups, 40 healthy adolescents, 40 adolescents with affective disorders, 40 adolescents with asthma and their families by sex, age and socioeconomic status. Diagnostic interviews K-DSADS and questionnaires were used. The results empathised that no specific predisposing correlates were found for AN. Similarly, the increase of the amount of SLE prior to the onset is an overall characteristic for psychiatric disorders, which in AN it is only specifically related to psychological correlates, but no to cortisol. In terms of specific SLE, those related to interpersonal problems were frequent at the onset of AN. The results highlight the consequences of SLEs in the emotional well-being of the AN adolescents, that could be specific for this psychopathology.

Sociodemographic and family correlates of dietary-lifestyle patterns in young men: cross-sectional study (MeDiSH Project)

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic and family correlates associated with dietary and lifestyle patterns in young men. In all, 367 men from the Warmia and Mazury region (Poland), aged 19–40 years old participated in the study. Data regarding sociodemographic, family status, dietary and lifestyle characteristics were collected through structured interviews using food frequency questionnaire KomPAN (Jezewska-Zychowicz et al. 2018, http://www.knozc.pan.pl). Dietary and lifestyle patterns were derived using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In total, 25 dietary and 6 lifestyle standardised variables were included in the PCA. The associations were verified using logistic regression. Four DLPs were derived, explaining 33% of the variance. Men from the upper tertile of “Protein food, fried-food and recreational physical activity” pattern (characterised by frequent intake of white meat, white rice, eggs, red meat, fried food, groats, higher number of meals a day and recreational activity) were more likely to be under 30 years old (odds ratio, OR = 2.20, 95% confidence interval, 95%CI: 1.30–3.70) than men from the bottom tertile. Men from the upper tertile of “Sandwiches and convenience foods” pattern (characterised by frequent intake of cold meats and smoked sausages, white bread, butter, cheese, sweets and tinned meat) were more likely to be in a relationship (1.95, 1.14–3.34) than men from the bottom tertile. Men from the upper tertile of “Fast foods and stimulants” pattern (characterised by frequent intake of sweetened beverages, energy drinks, alcohol, fast foods, and smoking currently or/and in the past) were more likely to be under 30 years old (2.46, 1.46–4.14), to live in towns and rural areas (2.07, 1.21–3.55) and to have lower educational level (2.01, 1.20–3.36) in comparison to men from the bottom tertile. Men from the upper tertile of “Healthy diet, activity at work, former smoking” pattern (characterised by frequent intake of fruit, vegetables, fermented milk products, wholegrain bread, fish, cottage cheese, milk, groats, legumes, higher number of meals a day, physical activity at work and smoking in the past) were more likely to work physically (2.06, 1.22–3.47) and be in a relationship (1.93, 1.12–3.32). Sociodemographic and family correlates were strongly associated with dietary and lifestyle patterns, both healthy and unhealthy, in our sample of young men. The results demonstrate that diet and lifestyle interventions should be particularly targeted at men under 30 years old, those living in small towns and rural areas and with lower educational level.

A REVIEW OF CORRELATES OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN CHINESE ADOLESCENTS IN HONG KONG

Adolescent depression has been shown to be increasing in Hong Kong. There is a need to address this problem. The studies of the risk and protective factors have focused on how individual, peer, and family predictors are related to depressive symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Specifically, this study presents a brief review of protective and risk correlates of depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong, with an ecological perspective. Individual risk correlates, such as low self-esteem and high levels of rumination; peer correlates, such as social withdrawal and limited social networks; family correlates, such as parent-child triangulation and high parental expectations, are significantly associated with adolescent depression. Moreover, individual protective correlates, such as hope and positive affect; social-related correlates, such as extensive social network and peer support; and family correlates, such as high parental warmth and family cohesion, were considered factors to reduce the risk of depression. Several limitations of previous studies are noted. First, the sample size is small and targets are limited to children and youth. They were also limited by the locations and times at which questionnaire distribution was conducted. Second, most studies are not theory-driven and have failed to examine adolescent depression with sophisticated statistical analyses; for example, some cross-sectional studies were unlikely to establish causality between the identified factors and symptoms of depression. Therefore, future study could attempt to fill in the knowledge gap by integrating the ecological model and wellness theory as a theoretical framework to explain adolescent depression, and could consider a relatively larger and different sample with longitudinal studies. More sophisticated analyses are needed to examine the indirect and interactive effects of different variables (e.g. family, peer, and individual factors) as mediators and moderators to help understand the underlying mechanism related to adolescents' depression.

Finger Length Ratio (2D:4D) and Aging

This study aimed to evaluate the association between the index to ring (2D:4D) finger length ratio and aging-related traits (hand osteoarthritis (OA), the osseographic score (OSS), and reproductive period), as well as to assess the heritability of finger length. A Chuvashian population-based sample included 802 males (mean age 46.98±17.10 years) and 738 females (mean age 48.65±16.62 years). Age, sex, basic demographics, anthropometric data, reproductive indices (age at menarche, menopausal age, and length of the reproductive period), and x-rays of both hands were collected. Finger length ratio was measured on x-ray and each hand was visually classified as either type 1 – 2D>4D; type 2 ― 2D=4D; or type 3 ― 2D<4D. Hand OA was defined by the number of affected joints (Kellgren-Lawrence score ≥2) and the total of Kellgren-Lawrence scores (total OA score). OSS is a skeletal biomarker that comprises osteoporotic and OA changes observable on a hands x-ray. We calculated the familial correlations and performed a heritability analysis of 2D:4D ratio traits in a studied sample. After comparing the OA variables of individuals with different finger length ratio types (after adjustment for age and BMI) significant differences were found only in females between finger ratio types of the right hand in a number of affected joints (F=3.153, p=0. 043) and finger ratio types of the left (F=3.330, p=0. 036) and right (F=2.397, p=0. 047) hands of the total OA score. Females with type 3 ratio had the highest adjusted values of hand OA parameters. Results of one-way ANCOVA for finger length ratio types of the right hand showed a significant difference in OSS (df =2, F=7.569, P=0.001), after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. The posthoc comparison showed that individuals with type 3 (2D<4D) ratio showed significantly higher OSS scores than ones with type 1 (p=0.012) and type 2 (p=0.003). In an analysis of finger length ratio types of left hand also a significant difference in OSS was found (df=2, F=3.290, P=0.038). The posthoc comparison showed that individuals with type 3 ratio showed significantly higher OSS scores than ones with type 2 (p=0.33) ratio. We found that a low finger length ratio, a masculine visually evaluated finger length ratio type, was associated with later menarche and a shorter reproductive period. No association was found with menopausal age. Familial correlations of finger length ratio traits showed no significant correlation for spouses, however, parent-offspring (0.15―0.28, p<0.001) and sibling correlations (0.13―0.38, p<0.009) were found significant. Heritability (H2) of visual classification of finger length ratio was 0.36 for the left and 0.28 for the right hand; finger ratio was 0.55 and 0.66, respectively; the ray ratio was 0.49 and 0.59, respectively, thus indicating the existence of a clear familial aggregation of finger length ratio variation in the Chuvashian pedigrees, which cannot be explained by pure common environmental effects.

HUBUNGAN GANGGUAN FUNGSI FISIK DAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN HARGA DIRI LANSIA DI PUSKESMAS PUTRI AYU KOTA JAMBI TAHUN 2019

Health problems often experienced by the elderly are one of the psychological problems of self-esteem. Self-esteem in the elderly that is not treated will cause low self-esteem problems, factors that affect self-esteem are impaired physical function and low family support. Problems that are often experienced by the elderly are impaired physical function and lack of family support. This study aimed to determine the correlation of physical function impairment and family support with elderly self-esteem at the public health center Putri Ayu Jambi city year 2019. This is a quantitative research by using cross sectional design. Populations were all elderly aged 60-70 who visited at the public health center Putri Ayu Jambi city year 2018 as many as 5655 people. Samples were 95 respondents, it used accidental sampling technique. This study was conducted from May 16th – 29th 2019. The collecting of data used questionnaire. It analyzed as univariate and bivariate by using chi-square test. The findings indicated that as many as 65.3% have good family support for the elderly, as many as 67.4% elderly experience mild physical impairment and as many as 38.9% the elderly have low self-esteem. On the statistical test indicated that there is significant correlation between physical function impairment (p-value 0.000) and family support (p-value 0.007) with elderly self-esteem at the public health center Putri Ayu Jambi city year 2019. It is expected to health personnel at the public health center to increase counseling about elderly health and self-esteem and also increase counseling to elderly families about family support needed by the elderly, especially about physical changes for the elderly, praise for the elderly, elderly needs and health conditions of the elderly.