Family Beliefs Research Articles

Traditional and Complementary Medicine Use During Postpartum Period: A Cross-Sectional Analysis at a Rural, Public Maternal and Child Health Clinic in West Malaysia.

Background and objectiveDespite the widespread use of traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) during pregnancy, very few studies have focused on the use of these practices during the postpartum period among women in Malaysia. This study aimed to evaluate users’ profiles and factors associated with the use of TCM during the postpartum period among women attending a community clinic in rural Malaysia.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 women at a maternal and child health clinic in Bagan Serai, Perak, Malaysia from January to April 2019. A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence, the different types, and reasons for the use of TCM and perceptions toward TCM. Factors associated with TCM use during the postpartum period were derived from multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of TCM use during the postpartum period was 66.2% among the subjects. The most common type of TCM used was massage (88.3%), and the most common reason reported was to improve general well-being (72.1%). “Family belief” had the highest mean for influence toward TCM use (mean: 3.63). Malays (adj. OR: 4.52, 95% CI: 1.93-10.59, p=0.001) and those having a low monthly household income (adj. OR: 3.68, 95% CI: 1.24-10.91, p=0.019) were the groups that were more likely to use TCM.ConclusionTCM use during the postpartum period is highly prevalent among Malay women with low household monthly incomes. Further studies should be conducted to address the benefits and risks of using TCM during the postpartum period.

Distributive justice in society and among peers: 8- to 14-year-olds' views on economic stratification inform their decisions about access to opportunities.

This study examined how children's and adolescents' beliefs about the distribution of wealth in society and the fairness of economic systems informed their behavior, judgments, and reasoning about access to opportunities among peers. The sample included 136 8- to 14-year-olds (47% girls, 60% White, majority middle- to higher-socioeconomic status [SES]) in the United States. Relative to older children, early adolescents viewed economic systems as less fair and wealth as less equally distributed, but still underestimated the true magnitude of existing economic disparities. Importantly, the stronger their system justification beliefs the fewer opportunities participants directed to poor peers over rich peers in an allocation scenario, but the more equally participants believed that wealth should be distributed in society the more opportunities they directed to poor peers. Moreover, participants were more supportive of allocating opportunities to poor peers when they had direct evidence that poor peers had been excluded in the past, and 40% reasoned explicitly about the implications of economic inequality when making their decision. Finally, exploratory associations of family SES and beliefs about distributive justice suggested that experiencing greater economic security may have enabled some participants to more readily critique societal inequality. Together, these findings provide correlational, experimental, and cross-sectional developmental evidence that older children's and early adolescents' beliefs about distributive justice in society inform their decisions about how to address disparities within their sphere of influence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Cannabis Use Among Court-Involved Minority Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Adolescents.

We examined the effects of family functioning and beliefs regarding peers' cannabis use among minority (n = 112) and non-minority (n = 275) sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI), first-time court-involved adolescents. We examined longitudinally the effects of baseline general family functioning and peer cannabis use beliefs on self-reported cannabis use and cannabis-related consequences after 12 months. At baseline, 39.2 percent of adolescents reported using cannabis. Minority SOGI adolescents reported worse family functioning (p = .017) and higher peer cannabis use beliefs (p = .047). Higher peer cannabis use beliefs at baseline predicted recent cannabis use at the 12-month assessment for both minority and non-minority SOGI adolescents. Better family functioning predicted a lower likelihood of recent cannabis use at 12 months for non-minority SOGI adolescents, but not for minority SOGI adolescents. Baseline peer cannabis use beliefs and family functioning predicted cannabis-related consequences for both cohorts at 12 months when accounting for intermediate (i.e., four-month and eight-month) data. Among all first-time court-involved adolescents, those who believed greater cannabis use among their peers reported more subsequent cannabis use themselves. Conversely, higher general family functioning may be less of a protective factor for minority SOGI adolescents. These results suggest the utility of feedback interventions to modify peer norm beliefs among first-time court-involved adolescents.

613 Variation in Sleep Beliefs and Behaviors Among Caregiver-Child Dyads Participating in a Sleep Extension Intervention

Abstract Introduction Given the high prevalence and poor outcomes of insufficient child sleep, effective interventions for the pediatric primary care setting are needed. Collecting family perspectives on intervention strategies is critical to understand and enhance outcomes, particularly among children who do not experience improvements. This study examined variation in qualitative family sleep beliefs and behaviors by quantitative child sleep outcomes of a sleep extension intervention. Methods A total of 24 caregiver-child dyads (child age 9–12 years, M age 11.3 (SD:1.0) years; 46% male; 50% non-Latinx White; 29% Black) participated in a mobile health sleep extension intervention, between March-December 2019, and completed post-intervention semi-structured telephone interviews to solicit intervention perceptions. The intervention used a 25 factorial design consisting of sleep duration goals and weekly performance feedback, with random assignment to sleep health promotion messaging and financial incentive conditions. Sleep duration was assessed via Fitbit Flex 2 devices during 2-week baseline and 7-week intervention periods. We developed a codebook using a grounded theory approach and conducted coding in NVivo. We compared preliminary qualitative themes among children who showed a >=30-minute improvement in sleep duration (‘responders’) versus those who did not (‘non-responders’). Results Of the 24 dyads, 38% (N=9 dyads) were classified as non-responders. Preliminary qualitative themes included: family beliefs about sleep and electronics usage; the study impact on sleep behaviors; and an enhanced awareness of child sleep. Intervention responder and non-responder dyads similarly described family restrictions on evening electronics usage (e.g., electronic parental controls; physical removal of devices) to benefit child sleep. However, more children classified as intervention responders described the benefits of these restrictions and expressed beliefs about the negative impacts of electronics on sleep. Whereas caregivers of both responders and non-responders described efforts to remind their child to go to bed earlier during the intervention, caregivers in the responder group described being more focused on and active in child sleep extension strategies. These included setting bedtime reminders and adjusting family activities to ensure an extended sleep schedule. Conclusion Addressing caregiver-child beliefs about sleep behaviors and engagement in sleep extension strategies could augment sleep extension intervention outcomes in future research. Support (if any) K01HL123612 (JAM), CHOP (JAM), K23HD094905 (AAW)

Catholic education at the coalface of a kaleidoscope of identities

ABSTRACT Globalisation, migration, socio-political shifts, and access to the internet are increasing the religious and belief diversity of Irish society. This flux presents challenges for young people who are endeavouring to establish a secure identity. The focus of this research was to understand how the identity development of post-primary students of minority faith or worldview, is impacted by attending a school with a Catholic ethos. The research methodology was qualitative. To provide an opportunity for students to voice their experiences, 18 post-primary students of minority faith or worldview were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to identify the findings. Reflecting on an interpretivist paradigm, the epistemology which underpinned this research was constructivism. While theories of adolescent moral and identity development alongside theories of othering, conformity, and agency supported the research study. The findings report some students struggled to find a secure identity due to conflicting societal, school, peer, and family beliefs. Perceived negative stereotyping of their beliefs created feelings of otherness with implications for students’ self-esteem. Students’ sense of belonging and well-being was impacted on by Catholic-centric school practices combined with current provision to ‘opt-out’ from Religious Education classes. However, the research also found human agency resulted in a kaleidoscope of student responses to the inherent challenges of adolescent identity development.

Working with Latinx Populations: Applying Culture to Promote Change

ABSTRACT The current political climate and larger systemic context have impacted crimes and discrimination against Latinxs in the United States. Stigmatizing rhetoric and policies not only impact those who they are targeting but can also have an impact on biases held by clinicians. To counteract these sociopolitical effects, we highlight the strengths of various Latinx cultural values of faith and religion, familismo, machismo, cabellerismo, and independence. We provide therapists with ways to apply cultural values theory and a strength-based approach with Latinx clients. As therapists focus on the strengths cultural values bring and utilize the values and beliefs of Latinx families, they can provide more sensitive care.

Determinants of informal care-giving in various social relationships in the Netherlands.

This study investigates determinants for offering help to family members, neighbours and friends, based on the Informal Care Model. We do so in pooled representative data for the Netherlands collected in 2014 and 2016 (persons >17 years, n = 13,165). One‐third provides informal care to a person with health problems or impairments: partners (4%, n = 671), parents or children (16%, n = 2,381), distant relatives (6%, n = 858), friends or neighbours (6%, n = 839). Marginal effects show differences in the associations of care‐giving relationships with sociodemographic factors, barriers and beliefs. Helping a partner is related to age, gender (older people and men are more likely to help) and household composition (singles help less often). Care for close family is given often by 45–64 year olds, women, multiperson households and those with strong family beliefs. Helping second‐degree relatives correlates with age (young people help more often), barriers (those living with children help less often) and beliefs (people with professional background in care and people who attend church or mosque helping more often). Providing non‐kin care is associated with age and education level (young people less likely to help, people with a high education more likely), barriers (having a fulltime job) and beliefs (work experience in care, church or mosque attendance and norms). The supply of care to partners and close family is mainly associated with sociodemographic factors and barriers while the provision of care to distant family and non‐kin is also correlated with beliefs. If desirable policy is to create more informal care, investment in the combination of work and informal care, childcare and supportive arrangements for older community living couples is recommended. It also might be worthwhile to enhance beliefs about the usefulness of helping each other in times of need.

The influence of family values on personality development

All the values, traditions, parental interactions between parents and their children, all the behaviors in the family affect the consciousness and norms of behavior of each of its members. These influences are primarily reflected in the individual’s social perceptions, knowledge and evaluation system, attitudes toward family values, beliefs and trust. Family life and its values The first ideas about marriage and family relations, as well as social attitudes, also occur precisely because of the presence of parents and their educational influence.

Talking With Your Teen About Sex

Patient Education| 2021 Talking With Your Teen About Sex Connected Content Translation: Cómo hablar de sexo con su hijo o hija adolescente Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Talking With Your Teen About Sex. Pediatric Patient Education 2021; 10.1542/peo_document141 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All AAP SitesAll PublicationsPediatric Patient Education Search Advanced Search Topics: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, adolescent, anger, anus, bisexuality, chlamydia, cigarettes, coitus, condoms, contraceptive agents Youths are exposed to sexual messages every day—on the TV, on the internet, in movies, in magazines, and in music. Sex in the media is so common that you might think teens today already know all they need to about sex. They may even claim to “know it all,” so sex is something you just don’t talk about. Unfortunately, only a small amount of what is seen in the media shows healthy sexual behavior or gives correct information. Your teen needs a reliable, honest source to turn to for answers, and the best source is you. You may feel uneasy when talking with your teen about sex, but your guidance is important. Beyond the basic facts about sex, your teen needs to learn from you about your family values and beliefs. This needs to be an ongoing discussion and not just... © 2020 American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. You do not currently have access to this content.

Developing curriculum design for the 21st century – Balancing the need of character building and meeting other emerging needs of the future

21st century is a challenging time both in the technological sphere as well as in education and social front. The advent of Industrial Revolution 4.0 with the seemingly unstoppable rapidly advancing and proliferation of emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Internet of things, 3D printing infiltrating our everyday living brought forward the need to keep abreast of latest inventions as it was repeatedly emphasized that future jobs hinges on knowledge and skills in these inventions and skills. However, surfacing at the same time is the changes in the social fabrics and social cohesion as well as family values and belief systems. Fast changes creates more social inequality and confusion in our traditional value system. Society is increasingly plague with dichotomy and conflicts, the line between just and injustice as well as rights and wrongs is blurring. As education is preparing the learners for the future, educators grapple with a future which is rather unknown and try to figure out the perceived needs of this century ranging from technological skills, cognitive skills, learning skills, literacy skills, life skills, social skills to intrapersonal skills. There is an urgent need to determine our priority, how should we package all these knowledge and skills into school curriculum? Should the curriculum design be more humanistic or retain the largely behaviouristic one embraced in the last century. Competence based curriculum proposed by UNESCO IBE seems to be a preferred curriculum design in many countries. Competence based curriculum which has been used widely in technical courses is widening its scope to include values and ethics. Could values and character building be stated sufficiently in the form of competence? It is my view that character building and values is best look upon from the practice and ethics perspective and this requires strategic and deep thinking. A thinking based curriculum cannot be void of these character building and values components, it should be enhanced by them. Core competences required to fulfil the Sustainable Development Goals in the UNESCO 2030 agenda has an undertone of values and ethics and should be the focus of the curriculum design of the 21st century. Truly in this century the need to develop the future generation of learning to be, learning to live together, learning to know, and learning to do, the four pillars uphold by UNESCO is so much relevant and needed. There is a need to harmonize humanistic curriculum design with behaviouristic curriculum design as we embrace transformation in the way we do things and we live our everyday life brought about through Industrial Revolution 4.0. We need to look inward spiritually and to develop the inner being so that we can live in peace with ourselves, with others and make decisions for the common good of all. Any content oriented curriculum do not need to be void of character building if we adopt pedagogies requiring students to think through ethical dilemmas and propose best course of action in the face of conflicting choices (Chowning & Fraser, 2007; Kelley, & Knowles, 2016). At the same time, future curriculum need to break away from the present subject based design but to look beyond, moving into more multidisciplinary, trans-disciplinary where the lines between subjects are blurring, where big ideas are being explored and where learning can be more holistic and meaningful.

Physical Activity, Outcome Expectations, and Social Support in Dyads of Frail Older Adults and Their Home Care Aides

Frail community-dwelling older adults increasingly receive home care and continue to face barriers to participating in physical activity (PA) that could help maintain their function. Home care aides (HCAs) are well-positioned to promoting PA among older home care recipients because of their established relationship and regular interpersonal exchanges; yet, the role of HCAs in promoting and supporting PA in home care settings is seldomly studied. Using the quantitative and qualitative data from a 4-month home-based gentle PA intervention delivered by HCAs to their clients in a Medicaid-funded home care setting, the current study examined whether outcome expectations for exercise (OEE) held by HCAs led to client PA outcomes (i.e. functional limitations and physical performance) through social support for exercise (SSE) provided by HCAs. Longitudinal mediation analysis of 46 HCA-client dyads showed that higher baseline OEE held by HCAs were related to greater SSE reported by clients after the intervention (p<.05; bootstrapped standard errors), controlling for client-level covariates, including baseline OEE, age, gender, comorbidity, and whether HCA was client’s family member. Unexpectedly, SSE did not have significant association with client PA outcomes nor mediated the relationship between OEE held by HCAs and client PA outcomes. Qualitative data suggested alternative factors may explain the results, such as clients’ family beliefs in the intervention and clients’ participation experiences (such as expectation fulfillment). Future research should consider older home care clients’ family contexts to enhance our understanding of HCAs’ roles in preserving the function of growing numbers of older home care recipients.

Impact of Culture and Religion on End-of-Life Decisions Among Advanced Cancer Patients in Developing Countries

Palliative care and end of life decisions are important components of quality care at the end-of-life. Individual’s perception of cancer diagnosis is affected by their customs and traditions, religious orientations and stigma. Culture and religion as a social determinant of health affects people’s interpretation of health and illness and is a major factor in deciding the type of care at end of life and death. The purpose of the review was to identify factors related to culture and/or religion that impact decision making at end of life among advanced cancer patients their primary family caregivers and healthcare providers. An extensive literature search was conducted in Psych Info, PubMed, Philosophy Index, Atlas Religion, and Academic Search Premier databases for primary studies on the topic. Primary studies conducted only in developing countries and among healthcare providers, advanced cancer patients and their primary family caregivers were included. Five studies met the inclusion criteria: two primary studies, one methodological paper, and two on perspectives. The studies reported economic status of the patient, family, culture, and religious beliefs as factors that affected decision making at the end of life. Improving cancer care in developing countries requires the accommodation of the culture, traditions, and religious beliefs of both healthcare providers, patients and family. Culturally appropriate care model is therefore needed to enhance palliative and end of life care in developing countries. Leininger’s Cultural Care Theory seem an appropriate path to take.

Family Income and Health Insurance as Factors Related to Family Response to Acute Coronary Syndrome Attack

Response to attack Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) significantly contributes to the incidence of complications and death in ACS patients. This response is concerned with making decisions regarding emergency care. The family is one of the decision makers regarding emergency care for ACS patients. Economic problems and the ownership of health insurance can cause a poor response. Analytic observational design, cross sectional was used in 104 patient families (parents / husband / wife / children) who are in charge of care for ACS patients at the Ende Regional General Hospital using a modified Acute Coronary Syndrome Response Index questionnaire. Less response was found in 42.3% of respondents. There was a significant relationship between response and family income (P = 0.000, OR = 0.599) but not with health insurance ownership (P = 0.359; OR = 0.090). Response is less closely related to economic problems experienced even though the patient has been insured. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies to increase the response (knowledge, attitudes and beliefs) of families related to SKA, especially in low-income groups. This will help them speed up decision making when SKA's re-attack occurs.

Families in the Pandemic Between Challenges and Opportunities: An Empirical Study of Parents with Preschool and School-Age Children

The study explored the effects of social isolation from lockdown on Italian families in terms of work-family balance, family functioning and parenting. 104 parents (80.8% mothers) with at least one child aged from 2 to 14 years participated in the study. An ad-hoc scale explored work-family balance; Family Environment Scale and Perceived collective family efficacy scale examined respectively parents’ perceived quality of family relationships and beliefs in family’s efficacy; one single question and an ad-hoc scale measured respectively parenting stress and positive parenting. Our findings evidenced an increase of parenting stress due to the social isolation and the persistency of gender inequalities in not-paid work division causing a penalty for mothers. Nevertheless, during the lockdown, families rediscovered the values of being together inside the house, improving both their cohesion and expressiveness and their positive parenting. Overall, the study shows that Italian families have been resilient and not overwhelmed by family stress, being able to adjust to cope with lifestyle changes. However, the social changes caused by the emergency requires to plan adequate policies to support especially dual-earner families with younger children in these times, both to reduce parenting stress and to avoid that work-family balance difficulties and gender gap will be exacerbated, increasing the risk to relegating women to the domestic sphere during the next phases of this pandemic.

Comparison of beliefs about classroom ethical practices among early childhood teachers in India and the USA: an exploratory study

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to compare the beliefs about ethics and ethical practices among early childhood teachers in India and the USA. Ninety-one teachers completed the Teacher’s Beliefs about Ethics and Ethical Practices Survey (India = 52, US = 39). The survey comprised of 15 Likert-type statements in four areas: Ethical responsibilities to children, families, colleagues and community and society. Results indicated that the teachers in the USA had higher means in all four areas. Independent samples t-test showed that there were significant differences between teachers in India and the USA in the areas of ethical responsibility to families (t = −3.43, p = .001) and ethical responsibility to community (t = −1.85, p = .047). Responses showed that teachers in India were influenced by the culture, language, beliefs of families and administration when making ethical decisions. Results highlight the importance of infusing ethical decision making training in teacher education programs to prepare teachers to be effective practitioners in global classrooms.

Decision-Making for Children with Medical Complexity: The Role of the Primary Care Pediatrician.

Families of children with medical complexity (CMC) face many types of health-related decisions. These decisions vary in magnitude of consequences, degree of risk, time scale, degree of tradeoffs, degree of uncertainty, degree of linkage with other decisions, and reversibility. There are many influences on decision-making, including evidence, hopes, and values. Primary care pediatricians are in a unique position to assist families of CMC with decision-making. Pediatric clinicians have an opportunity to establish a trusting relationship with a family over time and to understand the family's values, beliefs, and preferences during periods of relative health and stability. This allows primary care pediatricians to support families in decision-making by helping to clarify their values and goals and apply those values to the decision at hand. [Pediatr Ann. 2020;49(11):e473-e477.].

Physical activity and exercise training in cancer patients

Reduced physical function, incorporating exercise intolerance, physical inactivity and dependency, is a common consequence of cancer and its treatment. Most guidelines for cancer survivors suggest that physical activity and exercise should be an integral and continuous part of care for all cancer survivors. However, the full potential of exercise will be only realized with careful and considered individual prescription. Strong evidence supports the promotion of physical activity and exercise for adult cancer patients before, during, and after cancer treatment, across all cancer types, and including patients with advanced disease. Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training, targeting fitness and muscle function, may be particularly relevant in patients with cachexia and other wasting related syndromes. Evidence for the added value of providing nutritional support alongside exercise is emerging. Patient, family and professional beliefs about the value and benefits of physical activity and exercise all influence patients' attitudes and motivation to participate in programmes.

Different Perceptions of Belief: Predicting Household Solid Waste Separation Behavior of Urban and Rural Residents in China

An unprecedented Household Solid Waste (HSW) separation program was launched in 46 cities and some pilot rural areas in China in 2019. This study examines the antecedents of waste separation behavior using the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify beliefs that are useful targets for interventions, and compares the urban-rural differences. Based on interviews with rural and urban residents, we identified residents’ beliefs influencing waste separation behaviors, including four behavioral, seven normative, and eight control beliefs. Then, we tested the conceptual model with a two-stage questionnaire survey using a sample of 604 residents from urban and rural areas. Evidence from structural equation modeling supports the extended TPB in that it predicts waste separation intention and behavior on the whole. Moral norm and self-identity were found to independently predict intention and may prove a useful addition to the TPB; however, the path from attitude to intention is not supported in both urban and rural models. Moreover, the specific difference of belief between urban and rural residents was examined. The behavioral beliefs associated to money, including earning, free waste bin or bag, and fine, are significant only in the rural group. The normative beliefs of family, Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members, and government can affect residents’ subjective norm in both urban and rural, while the beliefs of relatives, friends, and neighbors are significant only in the rural group. Implications for managers of operating waste separation programs were discussed. Further investigation into the potential of the model to intervene in waste separation behavior is required.

Factors associated with abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding in Veracruz, Mexico

Abstract Background Exclusive breastfeeding is a fundamental part in the development of the newborn, however, 40% of babies worldwide receive this form of feeding, while in Mexico we comply with breastfeeding in 14.4% although currently the services of health participating in social security promote exclusive breastfeeding promotion strategies. Research question: What are the factors associated with the abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding in mothers assigned to social security health services in Veracruz, Mexico? Methods A cross-sectional, analytical, observational and prospective study was conducted between December 2019 and March 2020. Women who had had children older than 6 months, attached to the Mexican Social Security Institute were included, excluding those who could not breastfeed due to medical indications. A non-probabilistic sampling was obtained. The results were collected and analyzed with the SPSS Statistic® program. We calculted Chi-square test and odds ratios and 95% confidence interval. Results 176 patients were included, obtaining a prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of 45.25%. The factors that facilitate the abandonment of breastfeeding were “not producing enough milk” (OR 4.6 IC95% 2.2-9.4) and other personal or family beliefs, both with p &amp;lt; 0.05. The association between abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding and marital status, occupation, family type, number of children, previous history of breastfeeding, pregnancy planning, prenatal consultations, pregnancy termination form, receiving information on breastfeeding by health personnel during their postpartum stay in the hospital, attending breastfeeding training and main source of information on breastfeeding, without being significant for any of these factors. Conclusions The factors associated with the abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding are the beliefs of the mother along with those of her family, overcoming the educational actions of the health system and the social conditions of the mother. Key messages The educational strategies of the health system should be evaluated, since according to the results it has not yet been possible to sensitize patients about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding. Research on this topic should continue as exclusive breastfeeding brings benefits to the health of the mother, the child and the family as it is also a support for the economy.

Evidence-Based Review and Discussion Points.

Evidence-Based Review and Discussion Points.