Brevipalpus Phoenicis Research Articles

Efficiency of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for controlling three plant-feeding mites on guava trees in Egypt

ABSTRACT Tegolophus guavae (Boczek), Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), and Tetranychus urticae Koch are plant-feeding mite pests that cause severe damage to the foliage and fruits of guava trees in Egypt. The phytoseiid mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), was released at three densities (100, 200, and 300 predators/tree). The results indicated that the efficiency of N. californicus was significantly influenced by the release rate. The highest mean reduction percentage after six months of release for T. guavae, B. phoenicis, and T. urticae was, respectively, at 300 predators/tree (64.90, 81.15, and 81.11%) in 2021 and (74.89, 83.76, and 83.07%) in 2022. The mean fruit yields (kg/treatment) in the released plots were substantially greater than those in the control (ranging from 8–16%). The current result suggests that releasing N. californicus is a viable option for biological guava mite pest management.

Mite Species Exceeding the Economic Damage Threshold in the Tea Plantation Areas in Türkiye and Population Dynamics in the 2nd and 3rd Harvesting Periods

The main goal of this study was to determine the mite species exceeding the economic damage threshold level during the 2nd and 3rd harvesting periods and population levels. This study was carried out in tea plantation areas in Artvin, Rize and Trabzon provinces from july to october in the second and third harvesting periods of 2023. Tea leaves were collected from the field by random sampling method by determining 3 districts from each province two times per month (Artvin; Sarp, Hopa Arhavi, Rize; Ardeşen, Çayeli, Derepazarı, Trabzon; Of, Sürmene 1, Sürmene 2). As a result of our study, it was determined that Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Acari: Tarsonemidae), the most common species, exceeded the economic damage threshold in all months and in all locations. Especially in the samples collected from Sarp region in September, the number of mites per leaf was recorded as 116,73. Brevipalpus phoenicis (Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae) was detected as a second most common species and found at exceeded EDT in all months in the Sarp region. The same situation was observed in Çayelin in September. Both mite species that exceeded economic damage threshold (yellow tea mite and flat mite) were most frequently observed in september. Tetranychus urticae, Tydeus californicus, Calacarus carinatus, Tuckerella sp., mite species were found at some study points, and number of individuals did not exceed economic damage threshold except Calacarus carinatus Hopa region october samples.

Field evaluation of the efficacy of copper nanoparticles against mites associated with orange trees.

Phytophagous mites are dangerous pests, causing economic losses to the world's crops. Nanotechnology is a promising field for pests and disease management, and enhancement of agricultural productivity. The aim of the study was to evaluation of the effectiveness of copper nanoparticles (CuNP) against all stages of eriophyid mite, the citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Acari: Eriophyidae) and tetranychid mite, the citrus brown mite Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae), and Tenuipalpid mite, the false spider mite, Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). This includes its impacts on predacious mites, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot and Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), on orange trees under field conditions. Five different concentrations of copper nanoparticles (40, 80, 160, 240, and 320 ppm), as well as the control (well water) were examined. The obtained results indicated that the mortality rate of both phytophagous and predacious mites was associated with an increase in the concentrations of copper nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles were significantly effective in killing P. oleivora, E. orientalis and B. obovatus with minimal effects on A. swirskii and E. scutalis. The mortality percentage was 15.24, 20.32, 46.32, 78.97 and 86.37% for P. oleivora, 6.87, 9.86, 28.91, 56.30 and 77.52% for E. orientalis and 8.38, 23.50, 48.83, 68.80 and 84.08% for B. obovatus while the mortality percentage was 0.00, 0.56, 5.83, 9.91 and 15.19% for A. swirskii and 0.44, 3.96, 6.93, 8.63 and 21.39% for E. scutalis one week after exposure to 40, 80, 160, 240 and 320 ppm of copper nanoparticles, respectively. Moreover, the results showed that copper nanoparticles caused a reduction in the percentage of eggs hatching. The percentages of larvae hatching from eggs were 96.29, 80.00, 64.13, 45.66 and 32.17% for P. oleivora, 97.38, 83.28, 69.41, 48.01 and 35.29 for E. orientalis and 96.60, 76.92, 56.38, 40.55 and 33.28% for B. obovatus one week after exposure to copper nanoparticles at 40, 80, 160, 240 and 320 ppm respectively, compared with the control (well water). According to the results, the use of copper nanoparticles significant effect on reducing the population of phytophagous mites associated with orange trees, with low detrimental effects on predatory mites.

A new flat mite of the genus Brevipalpus Donnadieu (Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil, with complete ontogenetic pattern of setal additions

A new species of flat mite (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), Brevipalpus canastra Castro, Beard & Ochoa sp. nov., is described from the adult female, deutonymph, protonymph and larval stages collected on Sabicea brasiliensis (Rubiaceae), in the Cerrado region of Brazil. The new species belongs to the Brevipalpus phoenicis species group. The ontogenetic changes in the idiosoma and leg chaetotaxy of all stages are presented and micrographs using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LT-SEM) are provided.

Citrus Bright Spot Virus: A New Dichorhavirus, Transmitted by Brevipalpus azores, Causing Citrus Leprosis Disease in Brazil

Citrus leprosis (CL) is the main viral disease affecting the Brazilian citriculture. Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) trees affected by CL were identified in small orchards in Southern Brazil. Rod-like particles of 40 × 100 nm and electron lucent viroplasm were observed in the nucleus of infected cells in symptomatic tissues. RNA extracts from three plants, which proved negative by RT-PCR for known CL-causing viruses, were analyzed by high throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing after RT-PCR. The genomes of bi-segmented ss(-)RNA viruses, with ORFs in a typical organization of members of the genus Dichorhavirus, were recovered. These genomes shared 98-99% nt sequence identity among them but <73% with those of known dichorhavirids, a value below the threshold for new species demarcation within that genus. Phylogenetically, the three haplotypes of the new virus called citrus bright spot virus (CiBSV) are clustered with citrus leprosis virus N, which is a dichorhavirus transmitted by Brevipalpus phoenicis sensu stricto. In CiBSV-infected citrus plants, B. papayensis and B. azores were found, but the virus could only be transmitted to Arabidopsis plants by B. azores. The study provides the first evidence of the role of B. azores as a viral vector and supports the assignment of CiBSV to the tentative new species Dichorhavirus australis.

English

Miticidal action of hexythiazox has been investigated against three mites, Citrus Rust Mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Acari: Eriophyidae), False Spider Mite, Brevipalpus californicus (Banks) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and Citrus Brown Mite, Eutetranychus orientalis Klein (Acari: Tetranychidae), infesting citrus trees in the region of Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Three concentrations of hexythiazox, half of the recommended dose (HRD), the recommended dose (RD) and double recommended dose (DRD) were used against the selected mite species at immature and adult stages. Mortality data was recorded after regular intervals of a day till seven days of post-treatment application. Larvicidal action of the pesticide was observed in terms of post spray percentage of egg hatching. Trails regarding mortality of immature and adult mites were carried out under laboratory and field conditions. A maximum of 72.88% and 64.41% mortality was observed in immature mites of P. oleivora at RD under laboratory and field conditions respectively. The highest mortality of adult mites at RD was recorded again in P. oleivora that was 18.97 and 20.39% under laboratory and field conditions respectively, showing that mortality percentage was insignificant in adults. Under the same conditions, mortality of mites observed at HRD was non-significant and there was negligible increase in mortality when concentration was increased from RD to DRD. Success of hatching for the treated eggs of the three selected mites was observed in the range of 5.00 to 12.50% at the recommended dose. This indicated that hexythiazox has the significant potential of inhibiting hatching process. For the successful control over citrus mites, the appropriate time of spray is prehatching stage

New records of false spider mites (Acari: Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae) in Greece

Two false spider mite species (Tetranychoidea: Tenuipalpidae) are reported in Greece. One new species, Aegyptobia insularis Stathakis and Vrettos sp. nov., collected from the Mediterranean shrub Phagnalon rupestre ssp. graecum (Asteraceae), is described. Dolichotetranychus summersi Pritchard and Baker is found on a new and probably natural host plant, the common couch grass Elymus repens (Poaceae); this is the first record of this mite in the Palearctic region. Females and deutonymphs of D. summersi are redescribed, based on the specimens from Greece.

On a collection of (Insects, Acari) some insects and mites from medicinal plants of Ramakrishna mission, Narendrapur (India: West Bengal, Dist south 24 Paraganas)

A total 37 species of mites (under 22 genera, 9 family and 2 orders) and 17 species of insects (under 14 genera,11 family and 3 orders) has been recorded from 99 medicinal plants grown in three medicinal plant gardens of Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Narendrapur, collected during November 2021 - July 2022. Out of 37 species of mites, 23 species belonged to phytophagous group and 13 species predatory groups respectively. Among the phytophagous and predatory mites, Brevipalpus phoenicis, Petrobia harti, Steneotarsonemus spinki and Aceria guerreronis were found to be serious pests causing damage to their respective host plants, while Gynaneseius eharai, Amblyseius largoensis and Euseius finlandicus were found to be promising predatory mites feeding mostly upon Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae pest mites. In case of insects, 16 species was recorded as phytophagous and only 1 species (Scolothrips sexmaculatus) was predatory in nature. Among the phytophagous insects 3 species. Aphis nerii, Aspidiotus destructor, Kola vesta found to occur abundantly on the medicinal plants, causing serious damage symptoms to their respective host plants. The present study also recorded 25 mite species and 10 insect species shows new host records.

Morphological characters and distribution of mites in strobery plant (Fragaria Vesca L.) in high land Sembalun

Pest mites are reported to attack strawberries in vegetative to generative stages. But not much information is available regarding the types of pest mites and predators associated with strawberries in the Sembalun area This study aims to determine the morphological character and distribution of pest mite species on strawberry plants in the Sembalun area. This research has been carried out from November 2017 to February 2018 in two central strawberry production villages namely Sembalun Bumbung and Sembalun Lawang, Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The method used in this research is descriptive method with survey techniques and data collection in the field. Two species of pest mites were found, namely Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes and Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida with an average population of 0.9 ± 2.9 mites / plants. The dominance index and the highest abundance are Tetranychus kanzawai valued at 0.875 and 93.55%. Pest mite population distribution is quite even, where both mite species are found at each sampling location.

Composition and abundance level of pest mites in jasmine gambier (Jasminum officinale) plantation of Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia affected by some abiotic factors

Abstract. Budianto BH, Sasongko ND. 2022. Composition and abundance level of pest mites in jasmine gambier (Jasminum officinale) plantation of Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia affected by some abiotic factors. Biodiversitas 23: 5227-5232. The decline in productivity of gambier jasmine flowers is not only caused by the reduction of gambier jasmine land area but also insect, caterpillar and pest mite attacks. Types of pest mites and their population dynamics are closely related to abiotic factor conditions such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, season, an abundance of predatory mites and types of plant cultivars. The study aimed to determine the types of pest mites and some abiotic factors that affect their abundance in gambier jasmine plants. The research method was a survey with a purposive sampling technique. Sampling locations were in Cipawon village, Bukateja sub-district, Purbalingga district, and Central Java Province, Indonesia. The obtained data were analyzed by analysis of variance at an error rate of 0.05. The types of pest mites that were identified consisted of 8 species, namely Brevipalpus phoenicis, B. californicus, B. papayensis, B. obovatus, Tetranychus urticae, T. kanzawai, T. cinnabarinus and Tyrophagus putrescentiae. The type of pest mite always found at each sampling point was B. phoenicis, with an abundance range of 0.027 to 0.067. The results of the analysis of the variance of pest mite abundance in gambier jasmine plantations showed that abundance of individuals between pest mite species did not significantly differ at all sampling points. Based on multivariate analysis, it was noted that trichome density had the most influence on pest mite abundance with a population model of Y = 0.399 + 0.043a + 0.012b.

False spider mites (Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae) from Saudi Arabia; a new species of the genus Phytoptipalpus Trägårdh, and first records of species in the genera Obuloides Baker and Tuttle and Aegyptobia Sayed

A new false spider mite (Acari: Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae) species, Phytoptipalpus jubailensis n. sp., Khan, Kamran and Alatawi, is described and illustrated based on adult female, collected from Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. (Capparaceae). The genus Obuloides Baker and Tuttle is recorded for the first time from Saudi Arabia, with the record of O. inquilinus Ueckermann, Theron and Tiedt, from Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss (Amaranthaceae). In addition, two new records of species in the genus Aegyptobia Sayed, A. hamus Chaudhri and A. abuzabiensis Meyer and Van Dis, are presented from Kaviria lachnantha (Botsch.) Akhani (Amaranthaceae), and H. salicornicum (Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss. (Amaranthaceae), respectively.

A Field Screening of a Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Ex-Situ Germplasm Collection for Resistance against the False Spider Mite (Tenuipalpus punicae)

Mite management is a major problem in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivation in the arid and semi-arid regions of India and other Asian countries. The aim of this work was to investigate the susceptibility to the false spider mite (Tenuipalpus punicae) in a germplasm collection of Indian pomegranates. A field screening of 73 accessions allowed to define different classes of susceptibility (from very low to very high) based on the percentage of infested leaves. Twenty-two accessions, representative of the empirically identified five susceptibility classes, were further tested. The field screening against the mite, extended to another two years, showed that the infestation level did not display a significant interaction with the growing season, and highly correlated between the different growing seasons. The analysis of the tree vegetative growth (height, canopy size, and stem diameter), main phytochemical classes (total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins) and the antioxidant activity of the leaves indicated strong significant negative correlations between the infestation level and the biochemical traits. Multidimensional reduction of the measured traits revealed that the extreme classes of susceptibility to mites are mainly separated according to the accumulation of phytochemicals in leaves. This work, for the first time, allowed the identification of pomegranate germplasm with low susceptibility to T. punicae, with positive and useful implications for the establishment of new orchards, plant breeding, and the identification of allelochemicals of the leaves directly affecting mites.

Survey of mite species of tea plantations in Rize

This study was carried out between 2017-2019 to determine the mite species found in the tea gardens of Rize province (Türkiye). During the study, surveys in 9 districts (Ardeşen, Çayeli, Derepazarı, Fındıklı, Güneysu, İyidere, Kalkandere, Centre and Pazar) were carried out between May and September with the random sampling method, corresponding to the tea plant's 1st, 2nd and 3rd shoot period. Studies were conducted in 73 tea gardens in 9 districts in the first shoot period, 107 tea gardens in the 2nd shoot period and in 97 tea gardens in the 3rd shoot period and plant samples were taken. At the end of the study, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae) was the most common and highest number detected species with 49.7%. Other mites identified are Calacarus carinatus (Green) (Prostigmata: Eriophyidae) with 24.3%, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Prostigmata: Tenuipalpidae) with 19.9%, Tydeus californicus (Banks) (Prostigmata: Tydeidae) with 17.1%, Neoseiulus californicus (Oudemans) (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) with 5.9%, Czenspinskia transversostriata (Oudemans) (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae) with 2.9%, Tuckerella sp. (Prostigmata: Tuckerellidae) with 1.8%, and Oribatida species, respectively. The mites found in this study have been completed in a way that integrates with previous studies.

Seasonal Incidence of Mites on Kinnow in Punjab

Field surveys were conducted at ten days intervals from February 2016 to September 2017 in six Kinnow orchards at three locations (Ludhiana, Abohar, Hoshiarpur) in different agroclimatic zones of Punjab to evaluate the population dynamics of mites on kinnow. The study revealed the occurrence of Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), B. californicus (Banks), Tetranychus urticae Koch, Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) and Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) as the most common phytophagous mites. The predatory mites viz., Euseius alstoniae Gupta, E. finlandicus (Oudemans) and Cunaxa setirostris (Hermann) were also found. The study showed that weather factors affected mites similarly in different fruit zones of Punjab. There was a negative correlation between mite abundance and rainfall at all locations. The families viz. Tenuipalpidae, Tarsonemidae and Cunaxidae exhibited a negative correlation with temperature and a positive with maximum relative humidity (RH). Tetranychidae had positive relationship with temperature and a negative one with maximum RH. Mite species peaked differently during various months but were more abundant in the arid (Abohar) followed by central (Ludhiana) and submontane zone (Hoshiarpur) of Punjab.

Rind Scarring Caused by Biotic and Abiotic Factors Influences Kinnow Fruit Quality

The relationship between rind scarring [caused by Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), Scirtothrips citri (Moulton) and wind] and physiochemical parameters was studied in three main kinnow producing zones of Punjab (Abohar, Ludhiana and Hoshiarpur), India. The results showed a nonsignificant increase in TSS value with increase in rind damage (caused by mites + thrips + wind) upto 50% but later on it was significantly decreased with increase in damage from 50 to 100%. Other parameters like vitamin C, phenols (pulp and peel), pectin, total carotenoids and fruit firmness were decreased with the increment in damage and lowest values were observed in 100% damaged fruits but the titrable acidity and sugars (non reducing, reducing &amp; total sugar) parameters were not affected by rind scarring. The wind damaged fruits showed noncomparable data for all studied physiochemical parameters which indicated that wind doesn’t affect the fruit quality. It may also be concluded that only thrips and mites are responsible for deterioration of kinnow fruits quality.

Study on diversity and community structure of mite fauna associated with vegetable crops in West Bengal, India

Aim: Methodology: Results: Interpretation: A study was carried out to understand the diversity and community structures of phytoseiid and phytophagous mite fauna associated with vegetable crops in West Bengal aiming for the development of better and ecologically sound mite pest management strategy. Mite samples were collected from different agro-climatic zones of West Bengal and the specimens were brought to the AINP on Agricultural Acarology laboratory, BCKV, Kalyani for mounting on glass slides using modified o Berlese’s medium. The slides were then kept on slide wormer at 35-40 C for 5-7 days to process for observation under a phase contrast microscope. A total of fifteen species of phytoseiid mites were recorded belonging to the genera Amblyseius, Euseius, Paraphytoseius, Typhlodromips, Scapulaseius, Neoseiulus, Phytoseius, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) and Indoseiulus. Amblyseius largoensis was observed as predominant mite species followed by Typhlodromips syzygii occupied 19.71 and 15.05 % of total predatory mite population, respectively. The other predatory mites belonging to the family Tydeidae, Bdellidae, Ascidae, Cunaxidae, Cheyletidae and Stigmaeidae were also recorded during the period of investigation. Predatory mites were observed to predate upon different stages of phytophagous mites, mealy bugs and pupae of whitefly. Concerning the phytophagous mites, Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus ludeni, Schizotetranychus baltazari, Eutetranychus orientalis, Oligonychus andropogoni, Polyphagotarsonemus latus and Brevipalpus phoenicis were found as destructive mite pests in vegetables. Phytophagous mite is a serious concern for successful vegetables cultivation in West Bengal. Predatory mites were found effective against phytophagous mites and other soft bodied insect and they could be utilized for biological control programme to minimize the use of chemical pesticides.

The Accumulated Heat Units Required for the Development of the Different Stages of the Grape False Spider Mite, Tenuipalpus granati Sayed Under Laboratory Conditions

Al-Sweedi, T.M.M. 2022. The Accumulated Heat Units Required for the Development of the Different Stages of the Grape False Spider Mite, Tenuipalpus granati Sayed Under Laboratory Conditions. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(4): 351-355. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-40.4.351355 The grape false spider mite Tenuipalpus granati Sayed (Acariformes: Tenuipalpidae) is one of the significant pests on the grape trees in Iraq. The aim of this study was to determine the threshold temperature and calculate the heat units needed for the development time of the duration of this mite stage. Different incubation temperatures (10 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40±2°C), relative humidity (50-60±5%), and light:darkness period of 16: 8 hours were applied to rear this mite on the lower surface of the newly grown grape leaves. The results showed that the development time of the egg, larva, protonymph, and deutonymph (active, quiescent, active + quiescent) at temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C were decreased gradually with temperature increase. Furthermore, the development time of the eggs incubation period was 15.3, 4.98 days and the larva (active + quiescent) were 15.1, 4.43 days, and the protonymph (active + quiescent) was 14.4, 3.48 days and of the deutonymph (active + quiescent) was 15.6, 5.58 days for the effect of 15 and 35°C. Additionally, the development time from egg to adult was 60.00 and 18.26 days at 15 and 35°C, respectively. The threshold temperature was 6.73, 7.89, 9.38, 6.47 and 7.3 °C, respectively. Finally, the accumulated heat units required for the development time of each mite instar varied according to the threshold temperature difference and development time. Keywords: False red mite, heat units, Tenuipalpus granai, developmental rate.

Brevipalpus mites associated with coffee plants (Coffea arabica and C. canephora) in Chiapas, Mexico.

Tenuipalpid mites of the genus Brevipalpus are of significant economic and quarantine importance in agriculture. They can damage and vector phytopathogenic viruses in coffee plantations and other crops. In this study, we focused on: identification of the Brevipalpus species, assessment of the spread of Brevipalpus-associated viruses (CoRSV, CiLV-N, CiLVC and CiLVC2), and mite population fluctuations over the course of 1year. The study was conducted in coffee plantations in Soconusco, a coffee-producing region in Chiapas, Mexico. The collected mites of the Brevipalpus phoenicis sensu lato species complex (635) were identified as Brevipalpus papayensis (80.2%) and B. yothersi (19.8%) based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Their population abundance was low and there were no indications for virosis. The highest mite abundance was recorded in August-September and the lowest in February-March. An interaction was observed between mite abundance and coffee species in open-growth and shaded cultivation at various altitudes. Brevipalpus papayensis was most abundant in Coffea arabica var. Bourbon, in shaded (80%) growing conditions at an altitude of 1300m above sea level. In C. canephora (in open-growth cultivation conditions at low altitude), B. yothersi was more abundant than in C. arabica, and as abundant as B. papayensis. We are of the opinion that, at this moment, B. papayensis and B. yothersi do not present risks to the production of coffee for the studied plantations. However, as the coffee-producing regions of Mexico are ecologically diverse, it will be important to continue examining the status of Brevipalpus mite populations in other regions in Mexico.

Laporan baru tungau Tarsonemus bilobatus Suski dan karakter utama tungau lain pada daun tanaman jeruk di Pulau Jawa, Indonesia

Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops in Indonesia. One of the main problems in citrus production is mite infestation. Many mite species were reported attacking citrus around the world. This study was aimed to identify mites and describe the main characters of various species of mites on citrus in Java, Indonesia. Sampling was carried out at the location of citrus plantations and citrus plants in the yard of the house which was carried out purposively. In a large planting area, sampling was carried out on 10 citrus trees that showed symptoms of mite attack. The identification process is carried out by a mounting process to obtain specimens that can be observed under a compound microscope using PVA. Eight species of mites were collected from 8 various of citrus from 15 location. Six mites species were identified as phytophagous, i.e., Panonychus citri McGregor, Eotetranychus sp., Eutetranychus sp. (Family Tetranychidae), Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Family Tenuipalpidae), Tarsonemus bilobatus Suski (Family Tarsonemidae), and Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) (Family Eriophyidae). Meanwhile, the other two species, Amblyseius sp. (Family Phytoseiidae) and Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini &amp; Fanzago) (Family Cheyletidae) were predators. Unidentified mites were Family Tydeidae and Winterschmidtiidae. According to Regulation No. 31 of 2018, P. citri and Ph. oleivora are quarantine pest. T. bilobatus is firstly reported in Indonesia.

Diversity of mite fauna associated with agro-horticultural crops in Bihar, India

A total of twenty species of predatory mite belonging to thirteen genera like Amblyseius, Euseius, Typhlodromips, Scapulaseius, Neoseiulus, Phytoseius, Typhlodromus, Lasioseius and Agistemus were recorded. The predatory mite, Amblyseius largoensis was found as most predominant species occupied 43.41% of total population followed by Typhlodromips syzygii, Lasioseius parberlesei, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) spp., Phytoseius jujuba and Neoseiulus longispinosus enumerated 16.48, 6.43, 5.95, 4.68 and 4.19% of total predatory mite population in surveyed areas, respectively. Some other predatory mites belonging to the families like Tydeidae, Bdellidae, Ascidae, Cunaxidae, Stigmaeidae and Cheyletidae under the order Prostigmata were also recorded during the period of investigation. Moreover, six major phytophagous mite viz., Tetranychus urticae, Eutetranychus orientalis, Oligonychus litchi, Oligonychus mangiferous and Schizotetranychus baltazari belonging to the family Tetranychidae and Polyphagotarsonemus latus under the family Tarsonemidae were documented and considered as key mite pest. The predatory mites were found effective against phytophagous mites and other soft bodied insect pests. However, Amblyseius largoensis, Amblyseius brachycalyx, Euseius ovalis, Euseius alstoniae, Euseius sajnekhalicus, Typhlodromips syzygii, Neoseiulus longispinosus, Neoseiulus imbricatus, Scapulaseius moraesi, Phytoseius jujuba, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) sp., Lasioseius parberlesei, Agistemus industani, Tydeus spp., Bdelloides spp. and Cunaxa spp. were found preying on Tetranychus urticae, Eutetranychus orientalis, Schizotetranychus baltazari, Oligonychus litchi, Oligonychus mangiferous, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Brevipalpus phoenicis, Eriophyidae, mealy bug and pupae of whitefly.