False Representation Research Articles

Social Media, Mental Health, and Equestrian Events

Many studies have investigated the benefits and drawbacks of social media, but the impact it has on amateur sports participants who use it as part of their practice has been largely overlooked. This study addresses this gap, investigating the impacts of social media on the mental health of women participating in amateur sport activities–specifically, equestrian events through a mixed methods survey of 221 female amateur equestrians in the UK. Themes included the pressure to present a “perfect” image to an external audience, the stress of comparison to others, and constant judgment around the performance of a participant. We also found issues of distorted reality and false representation. We conclude by highlighting a need for better assistance for athletes both while they are competing at events and at other times, particularly pre/postevent.

A novel screening instrument for the assessment of autism in German language: validation of the German version of the RAADS-R, the RADS-R.

The Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R) demonstrated excellent results in its original study, with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 100% (Ritvo et al. in J Autism Dev Disord 41:1076-1089, 2011). As a result, it was included in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines (Recommendations | Autism spectrum disorder in adults: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE, 2022). The questionnaire includes 80 questions across four subcategories (language, social relatedness, circumscribed interests, sensory motor). So far, the subcategory sensory motor has not been addressed in most available instruments, despite being part of the diagnostic criteria specified in DSM-5 (Falkai et al., in Diagnostisches Und Statistisches Manual Psychischer Störungen DSM-5. Hogrefe, 2015) and ICD-11 (ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, 2022). In our validation study, we tested a translated German version of the questionnaire in 299 individuals (110 persons with ASD according to ICD-10 F84.0, F84.5, 64 persons with an primary mental disorders (PMD), 125 persons with no disorders). To enhance the practical use of the instrument in clinical everyday practice, the questionnaire was completed by the participants without the presence of a clinician-unlike the original study. Psychiatric diagnoses were established following the highest standards, and psychometric properties were calculated using established protocols. The German version of the RADS-R yielded very good results, with a high sensitivity of 92.5% and a high specificity of 93.6%. The area under the curve (AUC = 0.976), indicates a high quality and discriminatory power of RADS-R. Furthermore, the ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal threshold to distinguish between the ASD and non-ASD groups in the German version of the RAADS-R is a score of 81. In comparison to the RADS-R, the co-administered instruments Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), and Empathy Quotient (EQ) each showed slightly better specificity but worse sensitivity in this sample.The study included individuals already diagnosed with ASD according to ICD-10 (F84.0, F84.5), with or without an primarymental disorders, preventing us from identifying the influence of comorbidities on the RADS-R results. In addition, a self-report questionnaire has generally only limited objectivity and may allow for false representation of the symptoms. The RADS-R compares well with other questionnaires and can provide valuable additional information. It could turn out to be a helpful diagnostic tool for patients in Germany. We propose naming the German version RADS-R (Ritvo Autism Diagnostic Scale - rRevised) to reflect the change in terminology.

Discovering manganese-based blacks in the grave goods of Kha and Merit (Egypt, 1450-1400 BCE): Multidisciplinary investigation on use and nature

As part of the “TT8 Project”, several research groups examined the grave goods from the Theban Tomb No. 8 of Kha and his wife Merit who lived during the second half of 18th dynasty and were discovered by the Italian Archaeological Mission led by Ernesto Schiaparelli. Thanks to the collaboration of Egyptologists, conservators, and scientists, numerous state-of-the-art, non-invasive methods were used to examine and characterize the objects found in the tomb.During this comprehensive investigation, for which a fully non-invasive approach was designed, the preliminary results for three polychrome wooden caskets showed the unexpected presence of manganese in the black areas in combination with the carbon black ink also present in the black decorations.In addition to MA-XRF analysis, which allowed for the discovery, an innovative imaging method was applied for faster discrimination of black pigments. This method is based on the optical spectral differences between manganese-based blacks and carbon black in the short-wave infrared – with a maximum difference in the range of 1400–1700 nm – and is comparable to a photograph in terms of acquisition time. By using an InGaAs camera with an interferential long-pass filter of 1400 nm, the images were acquired first on a series of mock-ups and then on the wooden caskets. Using false color imaging representation, the areas painted with manganese black showed a clear red false color, in contrast to the black false color of the areas painted with carbon black. The results are fundamental to understanding whether the use of manganese black could be more widespread than reported in the literature so far.

Апокалиптическое сознание Ларса фон Триера в антропологии Дома, который построил не Джек

The subject of the study is the concept of the historical hero as a victor of the gods and his role in contemporary Western cultural heritage, with a focus on the reinterpretation of Scandinavian culture in the works of Lars von Trier. The research methodology is based on the analysis of Hollywood’s reception of neo-European rationalism and the ideas of individualism and free will in European culture. The author examines the influence of the implementation of freedom without morality on the exploration of the idea of the Übermensch (superman) and discusses unresolved questions in this context. The research findings highlight the importance of the themes of personal responsibility and freedom in Western culture, as well as the legacy of Scandinavian culture as a source of the manifestation of truths. The conclusions of the study emphasize the relevance and significance of the discussed issues in the contemporary cultural context. The main goal of the research is to identify the consistent stages of Lars von Trier’s apocalyptic consciousness, particularly in the context of resistance to the colonization of art by ontological philosophy and the dominance of Hollywood clichés and political sentiments in the film market. This work conducts a methodological investigation into how Lars von Trier applies the philosophy of images through cinematography as a tool to separate false and immaculate representations of the world, with a focus on the problem of sin in his composition. This work methodologically explores this process and analyzes how it interacts with contemporary culture and cinema. In the context of the scientific novelty of the research, a question arises about Lars von Trier describing himself as a ‘sadistic doctor’ who saves lives but remains, in the eyes of those saved, an antichrist and a criminal in the humanistic world and humanity’s defense of a world different from the existing one. The results of this research can be used to study philosophical anthropology in the field of film studies and visual arts, as well as in related social and humanitarian disciplines, to analyze how this theme interacts with culture and society.

True and false memories for spatial location evoke more similar patterns of brain activity in males than females

ABSTRACT True and false memories recruit a number of shared brain regions; however, they are not completely overlapping. Extensive sex differences have been identified in the brain during true memories and, recently, we identified sex differences in the brain during false memories. In the current fMRI study, we sought to determine whether sex differences existed in the location and extent of overlap between true and false memories. True and false memories activated a number of shared brain regions. Compared to females, males produced a greater number of overlapping brain regions (8 versus 2 activations for males and females, respectively) including the prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and early/late visual processing cortices (including V1) in males and prefrontal and parietal cortices in females. Males had significantly higher similarity between true and false memory activation maps, revealed by our novel multi-voxel pattern correlation analysis. Moreover, higher similarity between true and false memory activation maps was associated with higher false memory rates. The current results suggest that true and false memories are more similar in males than females. The significant brain–behavior relationship also suggests that males may be more susceptible to false memory errors due to their highly similar true memory–false memory cortical representations.

Проблемы частноправовой ответственности за недостоверность заверения об обстоятельствах в сделках M&A энергетических компаний в российском и английском праве

This article discusses the peculiarities of the institution of representations as a means of protecting a bona fide party in M&A (mergers and acquisitions) transactions of energy companies under Russian and English civil law. Special attention is also paid to the issue of terminological consistency and the nature of M&A transactions. The relevance of the topic is due to the rising number of M&A transactions in the energy sector, the tendency to the increasing importance of state participation in managing such companies, and the resulting need to provide legal protection for a bona fide party to the transaction. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of legal doctrine development in this area and the feasibility of using existing rules of both Russian and English law in energy company mergers and acquisitions. After analyzing various statutory acts and both foreign and domestic scientific literature, it can be concluded that the mentioned institution is novel to the legal system of the Russian Federation. It is necessary to improve the legal doctrine, use the principle of freedom of contract, and establish liability in specific contractual obligations. Additionally, the author suggests elaborating on the consequences of recognizing a reorganization (M&A transaction) as failed (invalid) due to false representations by one of the parties involved at the statutory level.

Ethical Decision Making and Sustainable Development in Green Washing

The pursuit of sustainability has become a pillar of corporate responsibility in the quickly changing business environment of today. But despite the admirable attempts to embrace eco-friendly behaviors, a disturbing occurrence called "greenwashing" endures. The false representation of a company's environmental activities as more environmentally friendly than they actually are is known as "greenwashing." In this piece, we explore the vital nexus between sustainable development, moral decision-making, and the widespread problem of greenwashing. The foundation of corporate conduct is ethical decision-making, which is based on principles like accountability, respect, justice, and reliability. This paradigm gives company owners the ability to tackle problems fairly and with concern for all parties involved, carefully assessing theiroptions to make moral decisions. In addition to fostering trust, fostering an ethical culture makes ensuring that business

Hamlet or Shakespeare’s Anatomy of Death

The final act of Hamlet (c. 1600) opens on an uncanny scene in which the young prince is contemplating Yorick’s skull, while he ponders upon the mysteries of life and death. The graveyard scene constitutes ‘an extended interlude’ (Belsey, 37, 1997) in the play with its extensive meditation on mortality. This article offers a critical reassessment of how Shakespeare strips away the characters’ outward persona to expose the reality of the world of death. The play is informed with strong iconographical, philosophical, spiritual and theatrical resonances of death raising the dramaturgical issue of staging death on the Elizabethan and Jacobean stage. Moreover, these echoes and reverberations convey a rather accurate picture of one’s perception and understanding of death in Renaissance England. Much in the same way the anatomist’s ruthless scalpel reveals the secrets of the human body, the playwright’s pen bares the hidden truths of death as it does away with the false representations and appearances of the mundane world, rendering the invisible, visible.

Misinformation and Its Impact on Contested Policy Issues: The Example of Migration Discourses

Misinformation, in the form of false or inaccurate information deliberately created and spread through various channels, including social media, has become pervasive in the context of migration. An analysis of 45,000 English tweets revealed a wide range of attitudes towards migrants, including the presence of misinformation, concerns, and positive and negative attitudes. This study acknowledges the negative effects of misinformation, such as the formation of preconditions that promote false representations of migrants, foster negative attitudes, and consolidate prejudices against them. Misinformation also leads to mistrust among migrants towards official authorities and creates an environment conducive to exploitation by smugglers and traffickers. To address these issues, this study suggests corrective measures, including raising awareness, promoting evidence-based reasoning, and facilitating diverse forms of interpersonal dialogue.

Online deceptive advertising and consumer protection in South Africa - The law and its shortcomings?

E-commerce and e-marketing has grown significantly over the past few years. More businesses are moving away from original forms of marketing tools such as newspapers, magazines, billboards and televisions and instead prefer online platforms such as social media. The article focuses on false, misleading and deceptive online marketing representations. It examines the legislative framework that seeks to protect online consumers in South Africa in terms of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 (ECTA), the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (CPA) as well as the Social Media Code1 of the Advertising Regulatory Board (ARB). It is recommended that although a consolidated statute that makes provision for both offline and online consumers would be ideal, the current provisions in ECTA could also be reviewed to ensure that they are in line with the new developments in marketing trends such as influencer marketing. The Social Code of the ARB is also important to complement ECTA and the CPA, as well as to promote the overall protection of consumers in South Africa.

임대차보증금반환채권 담보 목적 전세권의 법률관계

This paper reviews the Supreme Court's Decision 2018 Da 268538 sentenced on December 30, 2021, which determined the legal relationship when chonsegwon is established to secure a lease deposit return bond. The main issues in this ruling are whether chonsegwon is valid for the purpose of securing such bonds and whether the settler of a leasehold can claim a deduction for overdue payments under an internal lease agreement from the mortgagee of the leasehold if a mortgage is set on chonsegwon. First, the validity of chonsegwon to secure a leasehold security deposit return bond needs to be examined from the perspective of the nature of chonsegwon, statutory real property right principle, and sham transaction jurisprudence. In principle, this type of chonsegwon is valid unless the possibility of use and profit by the leaseholder is completely excluded. However, any part of the leasehold transfer agreement that is incompatible with the internal lease agreement constitutes a sham transaction and is invalid. A valid cause of action exists in a leasehold transfer registration if the partial invalidity doctrine of Article 137 of the Civil Code is applied. The next issue is whether the settler of a lease can claim a deduction for overdue payments under a lease agreement for internal reasons in response to the exercise of its surrogation right of the security deposit return bond of the mortgagee of the leasehold. The judgment reconciles the interests of the parties by applying the law of general debt enforcement or the law of false representation. The settler of the leasehold cannot claim a deduction for overdue payments under a lease agreement against a mortgagee who is unaware that the mortgagee has a lease agreement with the settler. However, the settler may claim a deduction for overdue payments under a lease agreement from a mortgagee who is aware that the settler has entered into such a lease agreement. The relevant judgment was reasonable in light of balancing the parties' conflicting interests.

The Eye That Is Language: A Transatlantic View of Eudora Welty by Danièle Pitavy-Souques

Reviewed by: The Eye That Is Language: A Transatlantic View of Eudora Welty by Danièle Pitavy-Souques Laura Wilson (bio) The Eye That Is Language: A Transatlantic View of Eudora Welty by Danièle Pitavy-Souques In her touching preface to this collection of Danièle Pitavy-Souques's essays, Pearl McHaney writes that: "The Eye That Is Language: A Transatlantic View of Eudora Welty offers readers and scholars a global perspective of Welty's achievements" (xi). The volume, published by the University Press of Mississippi in 2022, was originally conceived by Pitavy-Souques as a way to collate writings from her decades-long commitment to Welty studies, but was sadly never finished before her death in July of 2019. McHaney worked with Pitavy-Souques during the initial stages of planning for the collection and was supported by Danièle's husband François Pitavy in bringing his late wife's idea to fruition. Bookended by McHaney's introductory remarks and a closing remembrance of Pitavy-Souques's and Welty's friendship written by François, the book now stands as a shining memorial to Pitavy-Souques's inimitable work on Eudora Welty and the achievements of her own life, including the highest French merit Légion d'honneur and the highest Eudora Welty Society accolade, The Phoenix Award. Thinking about the perspective of this collection offers us the chance to consider Welty's art of representation, alongside the way she so often plays with appearances and points of view (visual, moral, political). At the same time, perspective is a common term in visual arts such as photography, painting, and film, all interests of Eudora Welty that are deftly explored in this book. Focusing on the perspectives of this collection emphasizes Pitavy-Souques's examination of what we might call the language that is eyes: that is to say, moments where Pitavy-Souques shows us how Welty viewed, illustrating the multiple perspectives that she wrote both from and about. Explorations pertaining to sight abound in this volume. A word concordance demonstrates that the word see is featured 115 times in addition [End Page 175] to seen 43, sees 28, and seeing 13. Eye or eyes appears 79 times. The first visual tool that really stuck out for me in the work, the mirror, lexically appears 40 times (50 if you include its plural and connected words), as Pitavy-Souques suggests that "Welty used mirror effects quite early," calling this a "modernist feature favored by Virginia Woolf in her short stories and by surrealist filmmakers like Jean Cocteau" (116). The mirror symbol offers readers another chance to interrogate Welty's fictional technique, questioning the accuracy of reflected images produced by layers of metal and glass, a surface that only ever provides a virtual image since light rays never actually cross over in a reflection. In turn, Pitavy-Souques argues that in Welty's work, "the surface functions as a lure; behind the apparent picture or story, there lies another one, much more instructive or disturbing" (111). A reading of Delta Wedding illustrates well such ideas of illusion and false representation: From the first, in spite of its apparent hugeness, the Delta and the plantation appear to Laura [McRaven] as a closed world limited by reflection: the sky mirrors the fields, the name Fairchild refers to the place as well as to its inhabitants, and characters come and go between two identically furnished plantation houses. The black waters of the bayou reflect a house that was never lived in. (117) Twinning and repetition feature often in Welty's work as extensions of the perceived image, with the reflective façades of Shellmound and Marmion working to trap Laura McRaven inside layers of outward appearance, the idealized front-facing image of plantation culture that historically concealed many real horrors. Horror and fascination relate to another key argument that flows throughout the book: the notion of the mythical hero Perseus as a symbol for the artist, indeed Welty herself, who "questions her art in the very moment she is creating it" (11). Given my own particular fondness for the Gorgon myths and Welty's use of Medusa, I was very much drawn to...

PROPSY: a new strategy to implement precision psychiatry in France

AbstractOver a 5-year program-project, focusing on 4 of the most disabling disorders (i.e. Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorders, Schizophrenia, and Autism Spectrum Disorders), PROPSY’s ambition is to bring solutions for precision medicine in psychiatry. This ambition requires overcoming multiple challenges: (i) to discover prognostic and stratification biomarkers, (ii) to better understand underlying causes and mechanisms, (iii) to develop targeted therapeutic strategies (iii) to reduce stigma and false representation, (iv) to reduce the direct and indirect economic costs. To tackle these challenges, PROPSY is an inclusive program project composed of 5 operational work packages. PROPSY will also implement this knowledge into clinical practice, in a truly learning healthcare system, and increase awareness with Patients’ Associations to reach out to civil society. This research effort in precision psychiatry aims to strengthen the coordination of the French workforce along with international collaborations in connection with users and policymakersDisclosure of InterestNone Declared

Toddlers’ expressions indicate that they track agent–object interactions but do not detect false object representations

In the theory of mind debate, a middle position between nativism and conceptual change theory has gained traction. This position states that children younger than 4 years track agent–object relations (by building “records” of others’ experiences) without cognizing how agents represent—or misrepresent—the objects they encounter. We tested these claims with 3.5-year-olds using puppet shows geared to evoke suspenseful expressions. In two experiments (N = 90), children watched an agent approach an object that looked like her favorite food but was inedible. In Experiment 1, children showed tense expressions when an agent’s real food item was, unbeknownst to her, replaced with a fake food item. Children, however, showed no signs of understanding that the agent would mistake the deceptive object for food. Consistent with this, children’s expressions in Experiment 2 did not differ when the agent approached a deceptive object compared with when she approached a non-deceptive object. The experiments support the middle position’s view that toddlers track agent–object interactions but fail to recognize when agents misrepresent objects.

Theoretical Basis and Legal Analysis of Proportionate Joint Liability of Security False representation Disputes

The way that securities service institutions assume tort liability in securities false representation disputes is limited to joint liability by law. Considering the discretion principle of punishment according quantity of securities service institutions, proportionate joint liability appears in judicial practice. The proportionate joint liability, different from the proportionate liability regulated by other countries in comparative field of vision, is still joint liability in nature, which in China is mainly specified in the field of environmental tort disputes. It is especially expressed as the bearing joint liability in the cause force overlap section of the respective tort of semi-superimposed majority of people. According to the principle of analogy, environmental tort disputes and securities false representation disputes share some similarities in certain circumstances, which conforms to the requirements of the analogy, and enables to apply environmental tort proportionate joint liability to securities false representation disputes in an analogy manner. However, it is still necessary to keep alert of the deficiencies of proportionate joint liability. For the tortfeasor needed to bear the final responsibility, to define the scope and proportion still requires to further improve the legislation and judicial technology.

The Unpreventable Emotional Telecom Fraud —— "Pig-Butchering Scam"

It is well-established that the position of fraud crime has gradually shifted from traditional offline fraud to online telecom fraud. Among them, “Pig-Butchering Scam”, as a new type of fraud, was listed as one of the ten most prevalent fraud crimes by the National Anti-Fraud Center of China in February 2021. This study focuses on the victims of “Pig- Butchering Scam” cases, aiming to find out what common susceptibility traits or potential victimization factors the victims have, and how to cut off their false representations from the “susceptibility” to the behavioral dimension through effective interventions, in order to refine the psychological induction mechanism of emotion-based telecom fraud through this study. The purpose of this study is to refine the psychological induction mechanism of emotional telecommunication fraud. We have conducted field surveys and semi-structured interviews on victims’ personalities and analyzed their common characteristics. The results were similar to our hypothesis: the vast majority of victims generally showed a tendency to have low self-identity in the dimension of self-esteem, especially interpersonal-social self-esteem. This result suggests that people with low self-esteem, especially those with low interpersonal social self-esteem, are more likely to be potential victims of the “Pig-Butchering Scam”.

Compliance with the Principle of Legality in the Pronunciation of a Judicial Decision for Trademark Offenses

The crime of putting a product into circulation bearing an identical or similar trademark to a registered trademark for identical or similar products aims to sanction any attempt to mislead consumers and create a false representation of the original character of a product in commercial circuit. The article presents the conditions that must be met for the pronouncement of a conviction for this crime, the way of establishing the procedural framework, but also the criteria that must be respected for granting compensation in favor of the trademark owner, the aspects being analyzed through the lens of respecting the principle of legality in the pronouncement of a judgment judicial.

On the False Representation of the Present-Day Crisis Society in the Global Corporate Media

On the False Representation of the Present-Day Crisis Society in the Global Corporate Media

Marine GIS as a Tool to Support Backscatter Data Analysis for Zooplankton Investigations

Echo-sounders and Vessel-Mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (VM-ADCP) are widely operating onboard research vessels with the aim of providing real-time backscatter and ocean current profiles along the route, while the vessel is moving. Backscatter data are exploited to infer important information about zooplankton presence and distribution. Nevertheless, as these organisms daily vertically migrate even below the depth of the instrument range, the combination of space and time variability make their mapping from a moving vessel quite complex. The objective of this work is to describe a GIS application developed for the management and analysis of these data. The GIS capability as a tool to facilitate zooplankton investigations is assessed by means of a test-case in the area of the Ligurian Sea (Western Mediterranean) by using VM-ADCP backscatter data made available during oceanographic campaigns. The system, which includes a high-resolution bathymetry, environmental parameters, ephemeris, allows to select and visualize data sorted according to all the possible layer combinations. Moreover, different backscatter profiles, characterizing the identified migration phases can be enlightened by means of false color scale representation.

Ethical principles and posting on social media platforms

Ethical principles and posting on social media platforms