Fall Prevention Programs Research Articles

Effects of a Multifactorial Program with Case Management for Falls Prevention on Functional Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Randomized Clinical Study.

To evaluate the effects of a multifactorial fall prevention program based on CM on physical performance, the presence of pain, and the risk of falls and fractures in older people who have suffered falls. This randomized, single-blind clinical trial with parallel groups, Intervention Group (IG) and Control Group (CG), was composed of 55 older people with a history of falling, living in the community. All participants underwent an initial assessment via video call (containing anamnesis, timed up-and-go test, falls risk score, short physical performance battery, and clinical frax). The IG underwent CM, the physical exercise protocol, and the cognitive stimulation protocol. The CG was monitored through telephone calls and received general health and fall guidance. No significant results were found in the physical capacity, the presence of pain, the risk of falls, or the fractures between the Intervention and Control Groups and between assessments. This program was not effective in improving functional performance, but it was important for characterizing pain and the probability of fracture in the next 10 years in this population.

Quantitative gait markers and the TUG time in chronic kidney disease

BackgroundPoor gait performance results in more fall incidents among people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is unknown what specific quantitative gait markers contribute to high fall risk in CKD and the size of their mediation effects. MethodsWe included 634 participants from the Taizhou Imaging Study who had complete gait and laboratory data. Quantitative gait assessment was conducted with a wearable insole-like device. Factor analysis was utilized to summarize fifteen highly correlated individual parameters into five independent gait domains. Prevalent CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, which was calculated based on cystatin C. Regression models were created to examine the associations of prevalent CKD with quantitative gait markers and the TUG time. Mediation analysis was used to investigate whether poor quantitative gait parameters could be mediators and the proportion of their mediation effects. ResultsParticipants with prevalent CKD had a higher TUG time (odds ratio = 2.02, P = 0.025) and poor gait performance in the phase domain (standardized β = −0.391, FDR = 0.009), including less time in the swing phase (standardized β = −0.365, FDR = 0.027) and greater time in the double-support phase (standardized β = 0.367, FDR = 0.027). These abnormalities mediated the association of prevalent CKD with a high TUG time (for the swing phase: 31.6 %, Pmediation = 0.044; for the double-support phase: 29.6 %, Pmediation = 0.042; for the phase domain: 26.9 %, Pmediation = 0.048). ConclusionPoor phase-related gait abnormalities mediated the relationship between CKD and a high TUG time, suggesting that incorporating quantitative gait markers in specific domains may improve fall prevention programs for individuals with CKD.

The Stroll Safe Outdoor Falls Prevention Program: Participant Experiences in Naturally Occurring Retirement Community Program Sites

Abstract Date Presented 03/21/24 The qualitative findings from an efficacy trial for the Stroll Safe outdoor falls prevention program will be presented. Results reveal a number of program benefits, including increased safe community mobility strategy use. Primary Author and Speaker: Tracy Chippendale Contributing Authors: Szu-Wei Chen

Prognosis of fall risk in home care clients: A noninvasive approach using survival analysis

Abstract Aim The present study has designed, implemented, and evaluated a machine learning model that can predict fall risk and fall occurrence in community-dwelling elderly based on their home care usage. Subjects and methods A dataset consisting of 2542 weekly home care records for 1499 citizens (59% female, 41% male) with a mean age of 77 years (SD 10 years) was collected from a large municipality in Denmark. The data were recorded between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. The dataset was divided into two cohorts. Subsequently, five machine learning-based survival analysis models were trained and evaluated using cross-validation. Results The CoxBoost model showed the best discriminative performance with a mean 0.64 (95% CI 0.57–0.72) Harrell’s concordance index, indicating better ranking than chance-level by 14% on average. However, the model could not accurately predict when the next fall would take place. Conclusions The proposed method enables professionals to assess individual fall risk by using home care records from an Electronic Health Record (EHR) system. This facilitates the initiation of targeted fall-prevention programs for those at highest risk. Additionally, it is expected that a risk-based approach can lead to a lower number needed to treat (NNT), indicating greater effectiveness of health interventions.

Expert recommendations for an online, fall-prevention exercise program for older adults

ABSTRACT Introduction Uptake of fall-prevention programs by older adults prior to the COVID-19 pandemic was low. We identified a pre-pandemic need to develop an online, fall-prevention exercise program for community-dwelling older adults. Purpose The purpose of this qualitative study was to obtain recommendations from experts on exercise for fall prevention, fall prevention, and online education to inform the development of an online, fall-prevention exercise program for community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older. Methods Three virtual focus groups were held to obtain recommendations from: 1) exercise experts (n = 4) on design of an exercise program intended to reduce falls among community-dwelling older adults, 2) fall-prevention experts (n = 6) on key considerations for fall prevention and transitioning to an online fall-prevention program, and 3) online education experts (n = 5) on online technical/design considerations. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis. Results Collectively, the experts recommended designing an online program that: 1) contained strengthening, balance, and stretching exercises; 2) was beta tested in older adults; 3) replicated a group dynamic; 4) included an instructional designer; 5) provided tailored feedback to participants; 6) made exercises portable/accessible across devices; 7) offered computer training; 8) monitored safety and exercise performance; 9) included strategies to sustain participant behavior; and 10) was delivered by health or fitness professionals. Conclusion This study generated expert recommendations to inform the development of an online, fall-prevention exercise program. Implementation of these recommendations has the potential to expand the reach of fall-prevention programs and protect the health and safety of older adults in a post-COVID-19 world.

Considerations for Using a Gamified, Digital Health Application to Prevent Falls Among Chinese Older Adults Living in the UK Chinese Cultural Context.

The purpose of this study was to explore Chinese older adults' experiences of using digital health interventions and their perspectives of a digital falls prevention program (KOKU), to explore acceptability for its use in their daily life. Participants' needs and preferences will be incorporated into the existing KOKU digital program to improve user-experience, engagement and digital inclusion of Chinese older adults living in the UK. Conducting interviews with Chinese older adults in community settings provide a better understanding of cultural factors when co-designing digital health applications.

Development of Fewer Falls in MS-An Online, Theory-Based, Fall Prevention Self-Management Programme for People With Multiple Sclerosis.

The aim of this study was to describe the process used to develop a theory-based, online fall prevention self-management programme for ambulatory and non-ambulatory people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The development process was guided by the Medical Research Council framework of complex interventions and began with a scoping review of the literature on self-management of falls in pwMS. Subsequent phases of development were performed through iterative and concurrent processes and were informed by the perspectives of pwMS and healthcare professionals with MS expertise. Through a systematic and iterative process in close collaboration with pwMS and healthcare professionals, a theory-based online fall prevention self-management programme, Fewer Falls in MS, for ambulatory and non-ambulatory pwMS was developed. The programme is grounded in theory and pedagogical models and features utilization of action plans to address diverse influences on fall risks. A carefully operationalized definition of self-management and an iterative co-development process were essential to the creation of the Fewer falls in MS programme. Continuation of the co-development process and collaboration with end users was needed to refine the programme. PwMS and healthcare professionals were involved throughout the development process of the programme. The patient organization Neuro Sweden was contacted in the initial phase to discuss the relevance of a self-management programme to prevent falls in MS. They supported the research group (all authors) in identification of and contact with pwMS with interest to participate. Three members of the research group (S.T.J., M.F. and C.Y.), that is, the operative group, met neuro Sweden and one pwMS to further discuss the relevance of a self-management programme to prevent falls. To develop the process and content of the fall prevention programme, a co-design process was performed together with pwMS and healthcare professionals. The results of the co-design process are presented in this manuscript. In addition to participating in the co-design process, pwMS and healthcare professionals provided feedback to the research group on programme process and content on several occasions during the subsequent programme development process. In a pretest (Beta version) of the programme, four pwMS acted as test subjects and provided additional feedback on the programme to the research group. NCT04317716.

Developing a fall prevention program in an inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation unit: A participatory action research study.

Spinal cord injury is a lifelong disability necessitating early management of falls during inpatient admissions. However, there is a paucity of research on fall prevention and management in Spinal cord injury rehabilitation. This study aimed at developing a fall prevention program in an inpatient rehabilitation Spinal cord injury unit. A participatory action research approach utilizing a before-and-after, mixed-method design was employed for this study. The study was performed at Rofaydeh Rehabilitation Hospital in Tehran, Iran, from 2021 to 2022. the study implemented Cohen's four-stage model, encompassing the design of a change program, action, observation and evaluation, and feedback stages. A purposeful sampling method was utilized to select 19 nurses and members of the rehabilitation team from the hospital, ensuring maximum diversity. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and a checklist for fall prevention measures. Qualitative content analysis, alongside descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired t-tests and Chi-square tests), were employed for data analysis. The study adhered to COREQ guidelines. Falls were most common among patients aged fifty years or older (P = 0.026). Throughout the study period, men were more likely to experience falls than women (P = 0.01). Preventive interventions have led to significant improvements in indicators of patient monitoring and care, patient education, and environmental safety, as demonstrated by a paired-sample t-test (P<0.001). Moreover, factors contributing to patients' falls included "shortcomings in fall prevention policies" and "lack of knowledge and participation among patients and caregivers." Changes implemented in the Spinal Cord Injury unit involved enhancing interprofessional interactions, conducting educational workshops for patients and their companions, and identifying high-risk patients. These findings indicate a significant decrease in the incidence of falls following the intervention (P = 0.02). The study found that a multifaceted intervention can increase knowledge about fall risks and substantially reduce both falls and associated minor injuries.

Evaluation of a Student Pharmacist-Driven Fall-Prevention Program for Older People.

There is limited research on the impact of fall prevention education for older community-living people led by student pharmacists, which includes a medication review to identify Fall Risk-Increasing Drugs (FRIDs). Study objectives were to first assess the knowledge and behavioral intentions of older people after attending a student pharmacist-led fall-prevention program (FPP) and secondly to quantify the number of FRIDs identified during a medication review. Between October 2022 and April 2023, four independent-living facilities and two senior centers served as programming locations. Events began with a fall prevention-focused presentation provided by student pharmacists. Attendees voluntarily filled out surveys to assess their knowledge and behavioral intentions regarding fall prevention. Optional medication reviews were offered. Additional survey questions were asked of medication review participants. If FRIDs were identified, the individual was provided documentation to share with their prescriber. Fall prevention bingo was offered at select events to review educational content and engage those waiting for a medication review. Eighty-six older people attended the presentations; 45 people completed medication reviews across six sites. Survey information was available for 65 presentation attendees and 29 medication review participants. After programming, 64 out of 65 participants stated they felt comfortable speaking to their pharmacist or provider about falls and their medications. Most survey respondents correctly selected which medications increase fall risk. Twenty-two of 29 medication review participants were taking at least one FRID. The FPP described showed positive results through a post-survey evaluation. Participants demonstrated knowledge of fall hazards including medications and a willingness to discuss falls and FRIDs with health professionals. These factors may lead to concrete interventions to avoid falls and their associated health consequences for older people.

Recreating Fall Risk Appraisal matrix using R to support fall prevention programs.

This study aimed to optimize Fall Risk Appraisal (FRA) graphing for use in intervention programs tailored toward reducing the fall risk of older adults by using computing graphic functions in the R language. We utilized RStudio, a free development environment for the R language, as well as the functions within the "ggplot2" and "grid" packages, to develop a code that would recreate the FRA matrix for use in data visualization and analysis, as well as feedback for older adults. The developed code successfully recreates the FRA matrix in R and allows researchers and clinicians to graph participant data onto the matrix itself. The use of an R code allows for a streamlined approach to manipulating the FRA matrix for use in data visualization and feedback for older adults, which improves upon the traditional paper-pencil method that has been previously used. The code presented in this study recreates the FRA matrix instrument in the R language and gives researchers the ability to instantaneously add, remove, or change different aspects of the instrument to improve its readability for researchers and older adults.

Fall assessment and intervention among community-dwelling older people in a primary health care center in Spain: a best practice implementation project.

The implementation of fall prevention programs in the community is complex. Although there is solid scientific evidence that supports the effectiveness of such programs, there are multiple barriers that should be addressed using multifaceted strategies. The aim of this project was to increase compliance with evidence-based recommendations regarding fall risk screening and preventive interventions among older adults in a primary health care setting. This project used a pre-/post-implementation clinical audit based on the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework. Eight audit criteria were derived from JBI evidence summaries. The sample size was 62 patients aged 70 years or older. Data collection methods included a review of medical records and a questionnaire. A baseline audit was conducted and five barriers to best practice were identified. Strategies were then developed to increase compliance with the evidence-based recommendations, guided by JBI's Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) analysis. A follow-up audit was conducted in July 2022 to evaluate changes in compliance with best practices. The baseline audit showed 0% compliance with best practice recommendations for seven out of eight audit criteria. Five barriers were identified: (1) absence of fall risk screening tools, (2) lack of fall prevention intervention protocols, (3) insufficient reporting of fall episodes in the records, (4) need for staff training, and (5) high staff turnover. Following the implementation of a fall risk assessment and intervention protocol, along with staff training, seven out of eight audit criteria increased from 0% to between 22.6% and 100%. This evidence-based implementation project improved nursing practice in relation to compliance with best practice interventions to prevent falls. http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A229.

“A great feeling to know that there’s somebody interested in improving your life”: Experiences of a blended falls prevention programme

“A great feeling to know that there’s somebody interested in improving your life”: Experiences of a blended falls prevention programme

Falls Prevention Using AI and Remote Surveillance in Nursing Homes

The older population of United States is growing, with more adults having complicated medical conditions being admitted into nursing facilities and assisted living facilities. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the biggest challenge has been falls prevention, with an increasing number of patients being placed in their rooms under isolation. This has reduced nursing staff visits to the rooms, bringing up safety issues like falls. Many falls prevention programs have been tried and tested with this quality metric still posing a huge challenge in nursing facilities. The COVID 19 pandemic has given rise to new innovative technology and virtual solutions for prevention of falls. One such technology uses patient visuals through a camera in the patient's rooms and artificial intelligence to send alerts to staff. Such innovative technologies might be the future of falls prevention in the post-acute care, long-term care, and assisted living facilities.

Transitioning Towards a Virtual Falls Prevention Program for Frail Seniors: Learning from the Experiences of Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The literature to date is unable to clearly characterize the appropriateness of virtual care for falls prevention services from the patient perspective. In response to COVID-19, the Falls Prevention Program (FPP) at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre was modified to include virtual components. We set out to uncover the experiences of this unique older-adult patient population to inform FPP quality improvement and appropriate incorporation of technology post-pandemic. FPP patients during the COVID-19 pandemic (February 2020 - February 2022) and their primary caregivers met inclusion criteria. Out of 18 eligible patients, 10 consented to participate in 20-minute, semi-structured telephone interviews conducted and transcribed by the first author. Inductive coding followed by theme generation occurred through collaborative analysis. The participants (n=10) were 60% female, mean age 84 years (SD 5.8), 60% living alone, and 70% university educated. We generated three main themes: 1) First Steps First, revealed a common desire for physical and mental support and the perceived essentials of a successful FPP highlighting the importance of program length and individualized attention; 2) Overcoming Obstacles, highlighted participants' experiences overcoming barriers with technology in the context of an isolating pandemic; and 3) Advancing Care Post-Pandemic, elaborated on the appropriateness of virtual care and delved into the importance of program personalization. The interviewed older adults revealed agreement on the FPP's necessity and the importance of increasing program length, one-on-one interaction, and program flexibility for unique patient needs. Incorporating virtual assessment prior to in-person exercises was largely favoured and should be considered as an appropriate use of technology post-pandemic.

Reframing Communication about Fall Prevention Programs to Increase Older Adults' Intentions to Participate.

Falls and fall-related injuries in community-dwelling older adults are a growing global health concern. Despite effective exercise-based fall prevention programs (FPPs), low enrollment rates persist due to negative connotations associated with falls and aging. This study aimed to investigate whether positive framing in communication leads to a higher intention to participate in an FPP among community-dwelling older adults. We conducted a two-sequence randomized crossover study. We designed two flyers, a standard flyer containing standard terminology regarding FPPs for older adults, and a reframed flyer highlighting fitness and activity by reframing 'fall prevention' as an 'exercise program' and 'old' as 'over 65 years'. With a Mann-Whitney U test, we investigated group differences regarding the intention to participate between the flyers. A sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses were performed. We conducted qualitative thematic analysis on open-ended answers to gain a deeper understanding of participants' intention to participate. In total, we included 133 participants. Findings indicated a significantly higher intention to participate in the reframed flyer (median = 4; interquartile range = 1-6) compared to the standard flyer (median = 2; interquartile range = 1-4) (p = 0.038). Participants favored more general terms such as 'over 65 years' over 'older adults'. Older adults who were female, not at high fall risk, perceived themselves as not at fall risk, and maintained a positive attitude to aging showed greater receptivity to positively-framed communications in the reframed flyer. Additionally, already being engaged in physical activities and a lack of practical information about the FPP appeared to discourage participation intentions. The results in favor of the reframed flyer provide practical insights for designing and implementing effective (mass-)media campaigns on both (inter)national and local levels, as well as for interacting with this population on an individual basis. Aging-related terminology in promotional materials hinders engagement, underscoring the need for more positive messaging and leaving out terms such as 'older'. Tailored positively framed messages and involving diverse older adults in message development are essential for promoting participation in FPPs across various population subgroups to promote participation in FPPs among community-dwelling older adults.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Fall Risk and Prevention

Fall prevention is a crucial component of healthcare, particularly for older adults and individuals with specific medical conditions. Understanding the significance of fall prevention and recognizing the various risk factors associated with falls are essential in developing effective strategies to mitigate this public health concern. This comprehensive review aims to explore the multidimensional aspects of fall prevention, from assessing individual fall risks to implementing interventions and evaluating the efficacy of fall prevention programs. By delving into the latest trends, innovative technologies, and collaborative approaches in fall prevention, this article seeks to provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals, caregivers, and policymakers in enhancing the safety and well-being of individuals at risk of falls.

A protocol to determine the acceptability and feasibility of a pilot intervention emergency department virtual observation unit fall prevention program

BackgroundAs a third of all community dwellers aged 65+ fall each year, falls are common reasons for older adults to present to an Emergency Department (ED). Although EDs should assess patients’ multifactorial fall risks to prevent future fall-related injuries, this frequently does not occur. We describe our protocol to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of a pilot ED Virtual Observation Unit (VOU) Falls program.MethodsTo ensure standardized conduct and reporting, the Standard Protocol Items for Intervention Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines will be used. The VOU is a program where patients are sent home from the ED but are part of a virtual observation unit in that they can call on-call ED physicians while they are being treated for conditions such as cellulitis, congestive heart failure, or pneumonia. A paramedic conducts daily visits with the patient and facilitates a telemedicine consult with an ED physician. VOU nursing staff conduct daily assessments of patients via telemedicine. The ED VOU Falls program is one of the VOU pathways and is a multi-component fall prevention program for fall patients who present after an ED visit. The paramedic conducts a home safety evaluation, a Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). During the VOU visit, the ED physician conducts a telemedicine visit, while the paramedic is visiting the home, to review patients' fall-risk-increasing drugs and their TUG test. We will determine feasibility by calculating rates of patient enrollment refusal, and adherence to fall-risk prevention recommendations using information from 3-month follow-up telephone calls, as well as qualitative interviews with the paramedics. We will determine the acceptability of the ED VOU Falls program based on patient and provider surveys using a Likert scale. We will ask VOU nursing staff to report any safety issues encountered while the patient is in the ED VOU Falls program (e.g., tripping hazards). We will use the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables, Student’s t-test for continuous variables, and Mann-Whitney for nonparametric data. We will review interview transcripts and generate codes. Codes will then be extracted and organized into concepts to generate an overall theme following grounded theory methods. This is a pilot study; hence, results cannot be extrapolated. However, a definite trial would be the next step in the future to determine if such a program could be implemented as part of fall prevention interventions.DiscussionThis study will provide insights into the feasibility and acceptability of a novel ED VOU Falls program with the aim of ultimately decreasing falls. In the future, such a program could be implemented as part of fall prevention interventions.

Reach, Adoption, and Implementation Strategies of a Telehealth Fall Prevention Program: Perspectives From Francophone Communities Across Canada.

Introduction. A fall may impact a person's physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Fall prevention programs are being implemented to reduce these negative outcomes. However, linguistic barriers in health services may reduce access to such prevention programs. A telehealth fall prevention program was designed to increase access to such programs in French for Francophone minority communities in Canada. This capacity-building project aimed to support community partners to deliver this telehealth program and document strategies used to reach, adopt, and implement the program within various Francophone and Acadian Minority Communities. Methods. A sequential explanatory mixed methodology was used to document reach, adoption, and implementation strategies and describe the lived experiences of program facilitators and organization representatives. Reach, adoption, and implementation were documented and analyzed descriptively, while lived experiences were analyzed using content analysis following the Consortium Framework for Implementation Research. Results. Twelve organization representatives or program facilitators from eight organizations operating in four different provinces participated in the study. Three themes emerged from the qualitative data on reach and adoption: external context, internal context, and capacity building. Four themes were identified as barriers and facilitators to implementation: level of preparation and time management, interpersonal relations and telepresence, exercise facilitation and safety, and technological problem-solving. Conclusion. Using tailored reach and adoption strategies such as prioritizing provinces with higher proportions of needs and training local community program facilitators may lead to the successful implementation of a new telehealth fall prevention program. Results from this study could potentially inform other primary prevention programs or telehealth program implementation.

Factors Associated With Incident and Recurrent Falls Among Men Enrolled in Evidence-Based Fall Prevention Programs: An Examination of Race and Ethnicity.

We examined factors associated with incident (one) and recurrent (2+) falls among 7207 non-Hispanic White (NHW) (89.7%), non-Hispanic Black (NHB) (5.0%), and Hispanic (5.3%) men ages ≥60years with ≥1 chronic conditions, enrolled in an evidence-based fall program. Multinomial and binary regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with incident and recurrent falls. Relative to zero falls, NHB and Hispanic men were less likely to report incident (OR = 0.55, p < .001 and OR = 0.70, p = .015, respectively) and recurrent (OR = 0.41, p < .001 and OR = 0.58, p < .001, respectively) falls. Men who reported fear of falling and restricting activities were more likely to report incident (OR = 1.16, p < .001 and OR = 1.32, p < .001, respectively) recurrent and (OR = 1.46, p < .001 and OR = 1.71, p < .001, respectively) falls. Men with more comorbidities were more likely to report recurrent falls (OR = 1.10, p < .001). Compared to those who experienced one fall, men who reported fear of falling (OR = 1.28, p < .001) and restricting activities (OR = 1.31, p < .001) were more likely to report recurrent falls. Findings highlight the importance of multi-component interventions to prevent falls.

Pharmacist intervention is associated with fewer serious falls over 3 months among older fallers at a day hospital: A quasi-experimental study

ObjectivesSome drugs increase the risk of falls, including serious falls. The objective of this quasi-experimental study was to determine whether the intervention of a clinical pharmacist among older outpatients receiving a multifactorial fall prevention program at a geriatric day hospital dedicated to older patients with a recent history of falls was effective in preventing serious falls over a 3-month follow-up, compared with usual care. Study designQuasi-experimental study in 296 consecutive older outpatients, including 85 with pharmacist intervention (the intervention group) and 148 without (the control group). Main outcome measuresThe main outcome was the occurrence of at least one serious fall within 3 months of follow-up. Covariates included age, sex, body mass index, grip strength, history of falls, Mini-Mental State Examination score, use of ≥3 drugs associated with risk of falls, frailty, and disability. ResultsFewer participants in the intervention group experienced at least one serious fall than in the control group (5 (5.9 %) versus 23 (15.5 %), P = 0.029), which persisted after adjustment for potential confounding factors (OR = 0.30 [95CI:0.11–0.84], P = 0.022). No significant effect was found on the indicence of all falls. Pharmacist intervention allowed more frequent therapeutic optimizations of antithrombotics (OR = 3.69 [95CI: 1.66–8.20]), proton pump inhibitors (OR = 3.34 [95CI: 1.31–8.50]), benzodiazepines (OR = 3.15 [95CI: 1.06–9.36]) and antidepressants (OR = 3.87 [95CI: 1.21–12.35]). ConclusionsAmong older fallers receiving a multifactorial fall prevention program at a day hospital, a clinical pharmacist intervention was associated with fewer incident serious falls over 3 months of follow-up.