Fall Of Apartheid Research Articles

Area-level deprivation and individual-level socioeconomic correlates of the diabetes care cascade among black south africans in uMgungundlovu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

South Africa is experiencing a rapidly growing diabetes epidemic that threatens its healthcare system. Research on the determinants of diabetes in South Africa receives considerable attention due to the lifestyle changes accompanying South Africa's rapid urbanization since the fall of Apartheid. However, few studies have investigated how segments of the Black South African population, who continue to endure Apartheid's institutional discriminatory legacy, experience this transition. This paper explores the association between individual and area-level socioeconomic status and diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control within a sample of Black South Africans aged 45 years or older in three municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal. Cross-sectional data were collected on 3,685 participants from February 2017 to February 2018. Individual-level socioeconomic status was assessed with employment status and educational attainment. Area-level deprivation was measured using the most recent South African Multidimensional Poverty Index scores. Covariates included age, sex, BMI, and hypertension diagnosis. The prevalence of diabetes was 23% (n = 830). Of those, 769 were aware of their diagnosis, 629 were receiving treatment, and 404 had their diabetes controlled. Compared to those with no formal education, Black South Africans with some high school education had increased diabetes prevalence, and those who had completed high school had lower prevalence of treatment receipt. Employment status was negatively associated with diabetes prevalence. Black South Africans living in more deprived wards had lower diabetes prevalence, and those residing in wards that became more deprived from 2001 to 2011 had a higher prevalence diabetes, as well as diabetic control. Results from this study can assist policymakers and practitioners in identifying modifiable risk factors for diabetes among Black South Africans to intervene on. Potential community-based interventions include those focused on patient empowerment and linkages to care. Such interventions should act in concert with policy changes, such as expanding the existing sugar-sweetened beverage tax.

Female Characters in Phaswane Mpe's Welcome to Our Hillbrow and Niq Mhlongo's Dog Eat Dog

This article examines two novels by Phaswane Mpe and Niq Mhlongo, Welcome to Our Hillbrow and Dog Eat Dog, by focusing on how they portray post-apartheid South African women and their experiences during and after the fall of apartheid. Set in the early years of South Africa’s democracy, these novels can be read from a feminist perspective, which offers an opportunity to investigate the condition of black South African women and their struggle in the context of the legacies of apartheid and the persisting male domination. The article employs postcolonial feminism as an approach and studies the two novels comparatively to see how the authors depict South African women in the face of double colonization and how they stand up to it. As the analysis indicates, Mpe and Mhlongo have voiced the plight of South African women through female characters that have continued to carry the burden of the legacy of apartheid and the persistence of patriarchy in the post-apartheid era. They have also demonstrated the resilience of women by featuring characters that reject exploitation and seize the opportunities offered by the newly-democratized nation.

Modernism on the margins: A genealogy of Namibia’s (post-)apartheid spaces

Namibian spaces have been shaped, transformed, and ordered according to the ideas and practices propagated by the Modern Movement. These ideas were originally transferred from Europe and adapted to the South African context, then subsequently introduced to Namibia via South African institutions, urban practitioners, and architects. However, the modernist design ideas reached the empire’s margins in an altered and often contradictory form, and with quite different social, political and economic intentions. Their deployment in support of the colonial/apartheid project in Namibia resulted in a recalcitrant and enduring legacy. Today, more than three decades after the fall of apartheid, space-making practices continue to work in-line with this inherited spatial fabric. This paper unpacks this modern spatial genealogy in Namibia, offering an example of the discursive power of built form.

"Influencing Change: The Role of Media in Social Movements

The paper focuses on the influential role of the media in the shaping and supporting of social movements—one traceable right from early print media to the modern digital age. Entailed historical cases for study, among others, are the Civil Rights Movement, the Fall of Apartheid, and the Arab Spring, which have put forward the very important role of different forms of media in mobilizing public opinion toward social change. This would also include how media works—from agenda-setting to framing and the agency of storytelling in creating affective resonance and moving collective action. Furthermore, problems associated with ethical dilemmas within media reporting are very well documented, from bias to sensationalism and infringements on ethics. Drawing from actual case studies and real theoretical frameworks, the paper argues in a disposition that shows intricate ways in which the media can be related to social movements. Thus it makes a compelling case for ethical journalism in facilitating democratic processes and social justice.

LATENT POLITICS IN SOUTH AFRICA: THE FALL OF APARTHEID AND THE PERSONALITY FACTOR

This paper explores the phenomenon of latent politics in South Africa during the apartheid era. The term ‘latent policy/politics’ was introduced into scientific use by Gabriel Almond. In the field of political science latent policy/politics refers to a hidden, completely or partially unobserved sphere of politics underpinned by personality factors. The political process in South Africa shows many examples of latent politics. For example, the Soweto uprisings and the wave of unrest in mid-1976 marked the beginning of the final stage of the struggle against apartheid. Furthermore, in the fall of apartheid, hidden personality factors are also apparent, and here the role of the liberation movements was of decisive importance. Organizations such as the African National Congress (ANC), the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), and other historical movements of the masses like the worker movements and the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) are also studied in this context. An exploration of latent politics allows inclusive disclosure of various aspects of the political process.

RWA, SDO and race: A study of prejudice in South Africa

Right-wing authoritarianism is concerned with adhering to conventional norms, while social dominance orientation supports racial hierarchy. As such, if conventional norms are opposed to racial hierarchy, it is possible that RWA and SDO would function in opposite directions. In South Africa, a normative view regarding equal civil rights across races has been promoted since the fall of apartheid. Therefore, RWA and SDO might have opposite relationships regarding beliefs in equal civil rights. To test this, South African undergraduates completed scales measuring RWA, SDO and two types of prejudice: beliefs in inequality regarding civil rights and desires for racial separation. For Black participants, RWA was a negative predictor of inequality regarding civil rights but was a positive predictor of racial separation. For White participants, these relationships involving RWA were nonsignificant. On the other hand, SDO was a positive predictor of both prejudices for both Black and White participants. Overall, SDO was a consistent predictor of prejudice while RWA was more variable and even supported egalitarian views.

Black economic empowerment regulation and risk incentives

After the fall of apartheid in South Africa, Black Economic Empowerment emerged as a central policy, aimed at redressing the imbalances of the past by fairly transferring financial and economic resources to the majority of its citizens. Corporations voluntarily conduct Black Economic Empowerment deals in response to regulatory constraints designed to incentivize firms to draw in previously disadvantaged citizens as shareholders without the need for them to provide much initial capital. We develop a dynamic model of corporate structure, in which the claims held by all participants are carefully valued. The regulations have succeeded in bringing in new investors. We explore why different types of firms have structured deals in different ways and we identify unintended consequences of the regulations. In particular, these deals induce wrong-way risk resulting in shareholders becoming risk-averse. The implications of these regulations and the resulting wrong-way risk are fully explored.

Doran H. Ross: His Fabulous Fowler Years

Doran H. Ross: His Fabulous Fowler Years

Missio hominum for social justice in South Africa: From missio Dei to missio hominum

Decades after the fall of apartheid, South Africa continues to face problems such as racism, heterosexism, sexism, ableism, xenophobia, and gender-based violence leading to feminicide, which undermines all efforts being made to achieve social justice. Every Christian mission begins or flows out from missio Dei and has a common endeavour to achieve its goal. This article examines missio hominum as the new fundamental paradigm from the perspective of Nico Smith. It believes that when Smith saw the need for missio hominum, social justice was thought of as a prerequisite for the accomplishment of missio Dei’s goal. It examines how he developed the missio hominum paradigm with the aim of advocating for social justice in South Africa. It perceives a potential and a fundamental element for social justice in this new paradigm. Significantly, missio hominum represents a fundamental theological paradigm by which human action is integrated or linked with divine action in order to achieve the goal of the missio Dei. It provides an overview of the literature relating to the featured works on Christian mission and social justice. To the best of the author’s knowledge, little or no work has been published on missio hominum as a missiological paradigm on the way to social justice.Contribution: Missio hominum from the perspective of Nico Smith is described here as a new fundamental missiological paradigm aimed at bringing social justice to South Africa. This paradigm integrates the active participation of all people in the broader discourse of the missio Dei and its fulfilment. Adoption of this paradigm will enrich the field of theology in general and missiology in particular as it expands human participation in missio Dei.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Transformation in a Speech-Language Pathology University Program in South Africa

Purpose The far-reaching and extensive ramifications of COVID-19 from the impact on people, sectors, livelihoods, lifestyles, and typical day-to-day routines may only be fully realized over the next decade. Over and above the health sector, education was also hard hit. The harmful effects of the sudden cessation of synchronous learning for learners at every phase of education in South Africa remain perplexing and not yet fully understood. For students in their senior years of qualification in degrees at university, the ramifications of COVID-19 over 2020 have been especially significant given their certain entry into the work arena in 2021. Method This article highlights how the understanding of the full impact of COVID-19 in the university space cannot be separated from the struggles that have and continue to permeate higher education in South African universities since the fall of apartheid. Results The need for tangible data showing evidence of transformation within lecture spaces, teaching content, staff and student diversity, as well as access and belonging by students within the academic space, has been less than ideal. Thus, despite the writings in policy, evidence of real change at the ground level has been sparse. Although it is easy to nonchalantly overlook a small department, such as that of speech-language pathology, within the larger higher education sector in Johannesburg, South Africa, we showcase what we believe were gains in transformation in our department, until the somewhat rude appearance of COVID-19. Conclusion Despite a notable difference in the digital divide between students with and without access (financial, technological, and time), the promulgation for asynchronous online learning to ensure adherence to academic and clinical competency bode well for some, but not all, students.

Post-Genocide, Post-Apartheid: The Shifting Landscapes of African Philosophy, 1994–2019

This article traces the developments of African philosophy since 1994, a year marked by two events that profoundly impacted Africa: the fall of apartheid and the Rwandan genocide. The article projects a fundamental tension into the history of recent African philosophy: between optimism and idealism, showing in the development of normative concepts and a new philosophical vocabulary for Africa – a “conceptual mandelanization” (Edet 2015: 218), on the one hand, and a critical realism ensuing from the experience of African “simple, that is, flawed, humanity” (Nganang: 2007: 30), on the other. The article identifies prominent trends in African philosophy since 1994, including Ubuntu, the Calabar School of Philosophy, Afrikology, the Ateliers de la pensée, Francophone histories of African philosophy, and Lusophone political and cultural philosophy.

The impact of inequality and COVID-19 on education and career planning for South African children of rural and low-socioeconomic backgrounds

Background: South African youth in poor and rural communities have faced serious challenges, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has worsened their situation. The odds are stacked against them as they try to obtain an education, and eventually a career. Many students struggle to complete their studies amidst the pressure of the pandemic, and concerns over career possibilities weigh heavily on their shoulders.Objectives: The need for this research is to highlight the challenges faced by youth within the education system. It is also to explore the failings of the South African government and its education sector.Method: A brief overview of the current and historical literature was conducted. Relevant literature was reviewed and critically analysed.Results: Eight major themes emerged from the literature surveyed. These included access to education, difficulties faced by girls, racism, infrastructure problems in poor and rural schools, child-headed households, education during COVID-19, food security and the absence of career guidance in low-income schools.Conclusion: In light of South Africa’s difficult history, and the fact that it is 27 years after the fall of apartheid, the state of South Africa’s education system is not conducive to education and promoting career development in young people. More attention needs to be given to education in poorer communities, and government needs to be held accountable.

A tale of paper and gold: The material history of money in South Africa

ABSTRACT This paper uses the South African objects in the National Numismatic Collection of the Smithsonian to tell a new material history of money in South Africa. In other parts of the continent, research about the currencies in use and how these changed over time have offered a new perspective on the impact of colonialism, commercialization, and the rise of state capacity. South Africa, and southern Africa more generally, has remained on the periphery of these debates. This paper begins to fill this gap. It shows that even in Africa’s most financially developed region, the process of establishing a stable national currency was long and halting, reflecting struggles over South Africa’s relationship with the global economy and the rise and fall of apartheid.

Mikhael Subotzky and Gideon Mendel

Research Article| May 01 2021 Mikhael Subotzky and Gideon Mendel Mikhael Subotzky; Mikhael Subotzky South African photographer Mikhael Subotzky, based in Johannesburg, showed work in Snap Judgments: New Positions in Contemporary African Photography (Steidl, 2006) and completed an installation for All the World’s Futures, 56th Venice Biennale (2015). Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Gideon Mendel Gideon Mendel Gideon Mendel is a South African photographer who worked with Okwui on The Rise and Fall of Apartheid: Photography and the Bureaucracy of Everyday Life (Prestel, 2013). Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Nka (2021) 2021 (48): 159. https://doi.org/10.1215/10757163-8971412 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Mikhael Subotzky, Gideon Mendel; Mikhael Subotzky and Gideon Mendel. Nka 1 May 2021; 2021 (48): 159. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/10757163-8971412 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter Books & JournalsAll JournalsNka Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. © 2021 by Nka Publications2021 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Between the Rainbow Nation and the Melting Pot: Troubling Reconciliation with The Fall

Between the Rainbow Nation and the Melting Pot:Troubling Reconciliation with The Fall Jared Strange (bio) Introduction: A New Turn Toward South Africa? She stands atop the table, extending a hand as if pushing her way through the living tableau. "I heard Eric Garner across the Atlantic," she says, reaching from Cape Town in the world of her play to a killing caught on the streets of New York City.1 The invocation, one of many in her paean to countless Black lives lost to systemic violence, is especially poignant from where the audience sits: not in Cape Town, but in Washington, DC's Studio Theatre, just a few hours' drive from the Big Apple. It is a Saturday night in October of 2018 and I am watching The Fall, a play co-created and performed by a group of young South African actors who, like the college students they portray, were involved with the #RhodesMustFall movement that began at the University of Cape Town (UCT). The movement, led by Black and Coloured2 students, challenged institutionalized racism at the university and spawned other "Fallist" initiatives targeting everything from exorbitant tuition fees to xenophobia.3 Though its ambitions grew national in scale, its most iconic moment was the removal of Cecil Rhodes, the (in)famous imperialist once memorialized in stone on the UCT campus. Beyond the overt reference to Garner, the parallels between the reincarnated Cape Town of The Fall and the present-day United States are manifold: mass demonstrations against anti-Black violence have grown in prominence over the past seven years; American universities have been sites of contest over Eurocentric curricula and racist historical [End Page 59] markers; and Rhodes finds plenty of company among the Confederate leaders whose memorials have been publicly removed from their plinths. These commonalities were explicitly identified in the marketing and dramaturgical materials published by Studio Theatre and in reviews from major DC outlets, including that of The Washington Post's Peter Marks, who invoked both the American civil rights movement and Black Lives Matter in his writeup.4 Similar notes had already been made in reviews during The Fall's previous stops in New York and even London.5 That The Fall would resonate with American struggles for racial justice appears to have been obvious. In fact, with the resurgent protests against police brutality and anti-Black violence in the summer of 2020, its resonance only seemed to grow, a development the South African State Theatre responded to by making a recording of the production available for free via YouTube.6 The idea that a South African play like the The Fall would resonate with American audiences is well founded. When it comes to matters of race, the two nations appear to share a unique bond forged by cultural exchange, political affiliations, and a perceived mutual intelligibility based on similar histories of racial segregation. Yet despite the hard-won victories of the Civil Rights Movement, the fall of Apartheid, and the hope of "post-racial" peace and prosperity that greeted the rise of Nelson Mandela and later Barack Obama, challenges to ongoing racial violence and inequity in both countries have shifted the discourse away from the achievements of the past and toward unfinished business in the present. In the years prior to the arrival of The Fall, my own mid-Atlantic region saw South African drama conspicuously programmed into several theatre seasons, often with the express purpose of inspiring conversations related to systemic racism. This included Washington DC's Mosaic Theatre, which ran Athol Fugard's Blood Knot and Nicholas Wright's adaptation of A Human Being Died That Night in repertory (2017), and EgoPo Classic Theatre in Philadelphia, which also presented A Human Being Died That Night as part of an all-South African season alongside works by Fugard, Reza de Wet, Matsemela Maaka, and a visiting production by South African company Abrahmse and Meyer (2018–19). Unsurprisingly, Fugard, South Africa's most internationally renowned playwright, remains a staple across the country. Recent productions of his work at Signature [End Page 60] Theatre in New York, including his MASTER HAROLD…and the boys (2016) and Boesman and Lena (2019), have used...

Do African immigrants contribute towards the development of the South African economy: a literature review

Within the domains of economics and public policy studies, there has been a sturdy increase in the literature on the role played by immigrants (within the premise of this study, unskilled immigrants) in the development of South Africa, especially from an economic perspective. Examining literature related to African migrants in South Africa and their economic contribution, this paper sought to understand whether (un)skilled immigrants contribute to South Africa’s economic development. Amongst the findings of the paper, it was revealed that despite the contribution of (un)skilled immigrants to the South African economy, especially since the fall of apartheid (evident by the different types of informal businesses they run: barbershops, restaurants, vehicle repair shops and salons, to mention a few), their constant struggle to navigate the xenophobic sentiments within South African society is hindering their integration within their respective communities. Nonetheless, despite these challenges, informal businesses by unskilled migrants have become an economic lifeline for those making a living in the informal sector. Central to this has been that they create employment and partake in the transfer of skills and business acumen to their South African employees. Despite their contribution, the role of migrants within the premise of economic contribution has not been welcomed, rather immigrants have been associated with crime and drug smuggling. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to understand how migrants contribute to South Africa’s socio-economic development despite the many challenges they encounter in their quest to integrate within South African society. The study argues that immigrants have contributed to the growth and development of South Africa’s informal sector and with their contribution, contrary to the popular belief that they steal jobs, has created employment and allowed for the transfer of skills to their South African employees. The study, however, acknowledges that from a government perspective, more needs to be done to assist migrants to integrate within South African society and with the development of their businesses.

The hidden thread: Russia and South Africa in the Soviet era (Irina Filatova and Apollon Davidson)

This is an important book that weaves together diverse strands of South African and Russian history, focusing on the ideological era in which Russia became a pivotal and global political player. The vast historical account begins in the pre-colonial era and cuts through some of the big themes in history, including among others the AngloBoer War, the revolutionary triumph of the Bolsheviks, the two world wars and the fall of apartheid

Reproduction and convertibility: examining wealth inequalities in South Africa

Inspired by Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of capital convertibility, this article investigates why wealth inequalities in South Africa under the African National Congress have remained so persistently stubborn and how it is possible that the revolutionary movement, ostensibly devoted to the ideals of the Freedom Charter, has not managed to radically improve matters 25 years after the fall of apartheid. Based on a series of interviews conducted with South African academics and members of civil society, the article seeks to provide some answers to this conundrum by tracing the roots of the problem to reproduction mechanisms that are deeply entrenched in the economy of South Africa, its politics and its educational system.

The Endorsement of Traditional Masculine Ideology by South African Navy Men: A Research Report

Although the study of masculinity/ies in South Africa has been a point of academic interest, especially since the fall of apartheid; there has been little focus on masculinity/ies peculiar to the South African military establishment. Where there has been, this has focused on the army environment and adopted a smaller-scale qualitative approach. In contrast, this study focuses on the South African Navy. The study provides a brief report of findings from the administration of a traditional masculine ideology scale with 1,185 South African navy men, between 19 and 59 years of age (mean of 25 years). Descriptive statistics, a multiple regression analysis, one-sample t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were run to analyze the data. Results demonstrated that this sample of navy men significantly endorsed constructs of self-sufficiency, physical toughness, and emotional restrictedness, as dimensions of traditional masculine ideology. Avoidance of femininity and risk-taking were not significantly endorsed.

Practical theological considerations for a transformative theological education agenda in an African context

ABSTRACT In light of the perceived slow pace of transformation of theological higher education since the fall of Apartheid in South Africa, this article approaches the issue from a practical theological paradigm with the aim of proposing an agenda for growth towards sustainable transformative practical theological education. At least three agenda points are identified in order to achieve this aim. It firstly accentuates the African identity of the South African context, then interrogates the notion of transformative education with a view on a workable definition for transformative theological education and thirdly attempts to contextualise the proposed definition within the framework of public practical theology. It concludes by recognising that theory and action regarding transformative theological education represents unchartered territory, which calls for the dedicated and ongoing attention of the practical theological community if the urgent challenges of theological higher education in the radically changed South African context are to be met.