Fall In Body Temperature Research Articles

Comparison of effect of inhaled anaesthetic (Sevoflurane) versus intravenous (Propofol) anaesthetic on core and peripheral body temperature during general anaesthesia: A randomised control study

: The fall in core body temperature and peripheral body temperature following the administration of anaesthetic agent has been studied and demonstrated so far, along with the comparison of the same parameters following induction with propofol in contrast to that with sevoflurane. But no study so far, has compared the effects of TCI-propofol based anaesthesia with that of sevoflurane based anaesthesia for induction and maintenance, on core and peripheral body temperature and the gradient of temperature between the agents. The studies conducted so far, has shown more fall in core and peripheral body temperature from their respective baseline values when propofol was used for induction of anaesthesia in comparison to the use of sevoflurane. A total of 60 adults were randomized into two groups of 30 each; Group 1 were induced with TCI- propofol at 8mcg/ml plasma concentration and maintaind with TCI-propofol at 2-3mcg/ml plasma concentration and 66% nitrous oxide and 33% oxygen gas mixture. Group 2 were induced with intravenous thiopentone at 3-5mg/kg body weight and maintained with 1-1.5MAC sevoflurane, 66% nitrous oxide and 33% oxygen gas mixture. Core body temperature was measured inserting the temperature probe into nasophraynx and peripheral temperature was measured with the temperature probe inserted onto thenar eminence of either hand. We observed that both anaesthetic agents have caused similar fall in core temperature. However, peripheral temperature fell more with sevoflurane compared to TCI-propofol. In parallel with these observations, the increase in temperature gradient was higher in magnitude for sevoflurane based anaesthesia. The core temperature was comparable between the groups from their respective baseline values. But, the fall in peripheral temperature was more in sevoflurane group, so was the temperature gradient. Thus, TCI-propofol when used in appropriate plasma concentration for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia causes less hypothermia in contrast to sevoflurane.

Dynamics of temperature and body weight in irradiated mice: the dose-effect and time-effect relationships

In an experiment on outbred male ICR CD-1 mice irradiated at a wide range of doses of gamma irradiation 60Co from 7.4 to 9.4 Gy with a 30-day survival rate from 100 to 5%, the dose-effect and time-effect relationships in relation to animals’ temperature and body mass index during acute radiation sickness were studied. The latent phase of acute radiation sickness is already related to a decrease in body temperature, which is determined using a remote infrared thermometer, in presence of body weight loss. A maximum dose-dependent fall in body temperature was observed in the critical phase of acute radiation sickness, when animals die in large numbers. In the recovery phase, body temperature returned to normal with subsequent body weight gain. Body temperature of irradiated mice is considered as an important criterion for their asthenia and can be used both in theoretical and applied studies.

The Estimation of Time Since Death by De Saram et al. Method Applied to the Corpses Brought to Ggh Mortuary, Guntur

A physical change that may occur in a corpse after death would be heat exchange from the body to thesurrounding environment. An attempt has been made by the investigators to estimate time since death by DeSaram method which takes into account the rate of fall of temperature. A total of 100 human corpses selectedfor the study. The study was conducted from October to December of the year 2022. It is very difficult to specifynormal body temperature, as this value can vary considerably between individuals. Rectal temperatures in agroup of healthy subjects can vary between 34.2 C- 37.6 C, with a mean of 36.9 C. Rectal temperature is oftenreferred to as deep central temperature, similar in value to that of brain, heart, lungs and abdominal organs. Theestimated time since death by De saram method is either underestimated or over estimated and is not suitablefor tropical countries like India. The applied method is suitable in winter season of the year particularly wherethere is significant fall in body temperature noted when compared to other seasons of the year.

Melanin-concentrating hormone neurons affect adipose tissues and modulate weight gain.

Melanin-concentrating hormone neurons affect adipose tissues and modulate weight gain.

The search for thermoregulatory neurons is heating up

Recent studies have shown that the median preoptic area contains a population of neurons expressing an array of fast neurotransmitters and receptors that collectively cause a fall in body temperature in response to environmental warming or depleted energy stores. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Piñol etal. (2021) identify a separate population of median preoptic neurons that are responsible for cold defense and cause stress-related hyperthermia.

The use of forced air warmer for the prevention of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia under general anaesthesia - A prospective observational study

Temperature is an important parameter which determines patient outcomes perioperatively. Iatrogenic hypothermia during surgery under general anaesthesia leads to significant side effects which can be corrected with the use of active body surface warming devices like the forced air warmer. A prospective observational study was conducted with a sample size of 362 which included patients of either sex aged 18-65years posted for any elective surgery under general anaesthesia lasting >60 and ≤180minutes. Baseline oral temperature was recorded preoperatively. Patients were warmed with forced air warmer intraoperatively at 44°C with half hourly monitoring of nasopharyngeal temperature until extubation. Intravenous fluids were given at room temperature. Further, oral temperature was monitored at 15 and 60 minutes in post anaesthesia care unit and patients were warmed if hypothermic or shivering. The final mean intraoperative temperature (nasopharyngeal) was 36.01⁰C (n=362) with a range from 34.7⁰C to 37.1⁰C. 139 of 362(n) (38.4%) patients were hypothermic (<36⁰C) at the end of surgery. 61.6% of patients were normothermic. In 9 patients (2.5%, n=362) the forced air warmer was turned off due to over heating (temperature >37⁰C). 33 patients (n=362, 9.1%) had shivering postoperatively. Comparing the nasopharyngeal temperature (mean) at half hourly intervals post induction revealed statistically significant results (p<0.001). The establishment of near constant temperature (36±0.03°C) following the initial fall in core body temperature can be attributed to the forced air warmer. However, it is imperative to continuously monitor core body temperature to detect temperature changes(hypo/hyperthermia) in order to use the device safely as chances of overheating is always present.

Retrograd İntrarenal Cerrahi Esnasında Oluşan Vücut Sıcaklık Değişikliklerini Etkileyen Faktörler

Objectives : When compared to other endourologic operations, irrigation fluid with lower flow rate and volume is used during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). In our study, body temperature changes occurring due to irrigation fluid and factors affecting these were assessed. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty-eight patients were prospectively included in the study. During operations, a standart izotonic irrigation fluid kept in the operating room at 21 °C was used. Active heating was not applied to any patient. Body temperature of patients was measured peripherally before anesthesia induction and before recovery. Relationship of body temperature differences with patient characteristics, operation time, irrigation fluid volüme and stone size was evaluated. Results : Mean tympanic body temperature was 36,3±0,35°C at the start of operation and 35,8±0,5°C at the end. Post-operative fall in body temperature (0,67±0,47°C) was recorded in 102 patients (79.7%). When body tempertaure values before and after the operation were compared, a significant reduction was found (p<0,0001). No statistically significant correlation was obtained between this reduction and patient and operative data. Conclusion : Body temperature falls after RIRC however, no relation was found between temperature change and patient and operative data other than operating room temperature.

Secondary hypothermia in patients with super-refractory status epilepticus managed with propofol and ketamine

BackgroundTherapeutic hypothermia as a potent nonpharmacologic antiseizure therapy has been investigated experimentally in animal models and humans. Although induced hypothermia has been shown to be neuroprotective in acute convulsive status epilepticus, whether its use will translate into improved outcomes for patients with super-refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus (SRNCSE) has been debated. No clinical data are available on the occurrence and prognostic impact of secondary hypothermia (s-HT) in patients with SRNCSE. With the possibility of core to periphery redistribution of heat with propofol and a centrally mediated dose-dependent fall in body temperature with ketamine, we aimed to investigate the incidence of s-HT events in patients with SRNCSE managed with propofol and ketamine and their impact on clinical outcomes. MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational analysis of consecutive patients with SRNCSE managed with propofol and/or ketamine in a single-center neurological intensive care unit between December 1, 2012 and December 31, 2015. Patients were divided according to the occurrence of hypothermia (temperature < 35.0 °C) into an s-HT group and a nonhypothermia (n-HT) group. Patients who received targeted temperature management therapy were excluded. We compared the demographics, comorbidities, treatment characteristics, and outcomes between groups. ResultsNinety-nine consecutive patients with SRNCSE managed with propofol and/or ketamine were identified during the study period. Twenty patients who received targeted temperature management were excluded, leaving a total of 79 patients for analysis. Hypothermia was observed in 52% (41/79) of the study population. Ketamine was used in 63/79 patients (80%). Ketamine infusion rates were higher and of longer duration among patients who developed s-HT compared with those who did not (mean dosage: 57.35 ± 26.6 mcg/kg/min vs 37.17 ± 15 mcg/kg/min, P = 0.001; duration: 116.36 ± 81.9 h vs 88 ± 89.7 h, P = 0.048). Propofol was used in 78/79 patients (99%), with no significant differences in characteristics between groups (mean dosage: 46.44 ± 20.2 mcg/kg/min vs 36.9 ± 12.9 mcg/kg/min, P = 0.058; duration: 125.43 ± 96.4 h vs 102.3 ± 87.1 h, P = 0.215). No significant differences in demographics, comorbidities, status epilepticus duration and resolution rates, and outcomes were observed between groups. ConclusionIn this single-center retrospective analysis of patients whose SRNCSE is being treated, higher doses and longer durations of ketamine were associated with the occurrence of s-HT. Further investigation is warranted to clarify the thermogenic effects of ketamine and its effect on status epilepticus outcomes.

Prehospital management of accidental hypothermia

The accidental hypothermia can be diagnosed if a body temperature fall below the 35°C. It is frequently encountered in Poland. It was the cause of death of 1836 people between 2009 and 2012. The aim of our paper was to present the current state of the art regarding prehospital management of the hypothermic patient. The gold standard of internal body temperature measurement is by an esophageal probe. The hypothermic patient should be handled very carefully. The wet clothes should be cut and the patient should be covered with insulation materials. Active rewarming should be initiated in all of the patients in severe and mild hypothermia. After finding an unconscious person who is likely to be in hypothermia, the search for signs of life should take 60 seconds. When CPR is started it should be conducted with standard protocols. Infusion fluids should be heated and the preferred ones are: 0,9% NaCl and crystalloids. No antiarrhythmic or vasoconstrictive drugs should be given in patients with internal body temperature below 30°C. Conclusions: We should encourage providers to equip the rescue teams with the active rewarming devices and insulation materials. The prevention of further heat loss in hypothermic patient is of the greatest importance. The life support should be centered around cardiopulmonary resuscitation with quality chest compressions and adequate ventilation. The definitive treatment of patients suffering from deep hypothermia is most effective in specialist centres dedicated to treating this condition. Air transportation is preferred to land transportation.

Reducing Sharp Fluctuations in Body Temperature and Optimizing Production Index of Broilers Using Dietary Electrolytes

A degree centigrade fall or rise in body temperature of broiler chickens is sufficient to reduce performance, alter sound physiological state and divert nutritional metabolism in quest for ensuring thermal balance. Thermoregulatory mechanisms of newly hatched chicks are poorly developed, and fluctuations in brooding temperature coupled with severe environmental temperatures in the tropics could threaten the survivability, production and economic integrity of fast-growing strains of broilers. However, information on the effect of sharp fluctuations in body temperature on nutrient intake and European production index (EPI) of broilers fed dietary electrolytes is scanty and thus investigated. Using a total of 300, one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks (Arbor Acre) that were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments (T1-210, T2-240, T3270, T4-300, T5-330 and T6-360 mEq/kg electrolyte balance), data on performance characteristics and their correlations with body temperature and EPI at prestarter, starter and finisher phases were determined using standard procedures. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α = 0.05. At prestarter phase, feed intake (FI) had a strong and positive relationship with protein intake (r = 1.00; p < 0.01), EPI (r = 0.96; p < 0.01) and potassium (K) intake (r = 0.66; p < 0.01), but was negatively correlated with temperature change (r = ?0.39; p < 0.05). However, FI was not significantly correlated with body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), sodium (Na) and water intake. At starter phase, EPI was positively correlated to K intake (r = 0.38; p < 0.05), but not Na and chloride (Cl) intake. European production index of starter chicks could be enhanced by increasing the level of K intake through dietary supplementation up to 1.02%. Weight gain was adversely affected by sharp changes in temperature at finisher phase. Increase in water intake may not be a remedial tool in lowering sharp fluctuations in body temperature. However, sharp fluctuation in body temperature of broilers was reduced with DEB of 330, 270 and 240 mEq/kg at prestarter, starter and finisher phases, respectively.

Анализ воспроизводительной способности северных оленей в различных природно-климатических зонах Якутии

Abstract. The article presents the materials of the reproductive ability of reindeer in different climatic zones of Yakutia. The calving season of deer in different ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is different. The total duration of calving is 30-45 days (6–9 five days). The timing of calving determined by natural-climatic conditions, timing of the rut and the condition of the deer. Very important in the birth process is the state of the birth canal, and in them the osseous system and in particular the pelvis and its size. In the study of the pelvis of the deer, it turned out that the pelvis of the doe is somewhat more favorable than the pelvis of the cow. Line, which moves the fetus during the stage of breeding and lagging at the same distance from all the walls of the pelvis, called the axis of the pelvis. The axis of the doe pelvis is not a broken line like a cow. Other dimensions – the vertical diameter of the pelvic cavity is on average at doe 21.4 cm, from 21 to 22 cm, which corresponds to the birth of quite large fruit. Three measurements of the diameter of the entrance to the pelvis – dorsal, middle and ventral - show that the lumen of the pelvis of the doe is a trapezium with a length of the upper part on average 17.7 cm, and the lower – 5.8 cm. This proves that the fetus at birth can lie in a lateral or oblique position. The preparatory stage of labor have doe lasts from 24 to 36 hours, and is manifested in the form of anxiety doe, a fall in body temperature of 0.5–1 degrees, well-pronounced swelling of the vulva, relaxation of the Sacro-sciatic ligaments.

Hypoxia alters the thermogenic response to cold in adult homeothermic and heterothermic rodents.

For small mammals living in a cold, hypoxic environment, supplying enough O2 to sustain thermogenesis can be challenging. While heterothermic mammals are generally more tolerant of cold and hypoxia than homeothermic mammals, how they regulate O2 supply and demand during progressive cooling in hypoxia is largely unknown. We show that as ambient temperature is reduced in hypoxia, body temperature falls in both homeotherms and heterotherms. In the homeothermic rat, a decrease in O2 consumption rate and lung O2 extraction accompany this fall in body temperature, despite a relative hyperventilation. Paradoxically, in heterothermic mice, hamsters and ground squirrels, body temperature decreases more than in the homeothermic rat, even though they maintain ventilation, increase lung O2 extraction and maintain or elevate their O2 consumption rates. Variation in cold and hypoxia tolerance among homeotherms and heterotherms reflects divergent strategies in how O2 supply and demand are regulated under thermal and hypoxic challenges. Compared to homeothermic mammals, heterothermic mammals are reported to be exceptionally tolerant of cold and hypoxia. We hypothesised that this variation in tolerance stems from divergent strategies in how homeotherms and heterotherms regulate O2 supply versus O2 demand when exposed to hypoxia during progressive cooling. To test this hypothesis, we exposed adult rodents ranging in their degree of heterothermic expression (homeotherm: rats, facultative heterotherms: mice and hamsters, and obligate heterotherm: ground squirrels) to either normoxia (21% O2 ) or environmental hypoxia (7% O2 ), while reducing ambient temperature from 38 to 5°C. We found that when ambient temperature was reduced in normoxia, all species increased their O2 consumption rate and ventilation in parallel, maintaining a constant ventilatory equivalent and level of lung O2 extraction. Surprisingly, body temperature fell in all species, significantly so in the heterotherms. When ambient temperature was reduced in hypoxia, however, the homeothermic rat decreased their O2 consumption rate and lung O2 extraction despite an increase in their ventilatory equivalent, indicative of a relative hyperventilation. Heterotherms (mice, hamsters and ground squirrels), on the other hand, decreased their ventilatory equivalent, but increased lung O2 extraction and maintained or elevated their O2 consumption rates, yet their body temperature fell even more than in the rat. These results are consistent with the idea that homeotherms and heterotherms diverge in the strategies they use to match O2 supply and O2 demand, and that enhanced cold and hypoxia tolerance in heterotherms may stem from an improved ability to extract O2 from the inspired air.

Abstract 450: Adipose Tissue Browning Induced by Natriuretic Peptide Exerts Thermogenic Actions and Improves Insulin Resistance in an in vivo Model of Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Although natriuretic peptides (NPs) classically act on renal and cardiovascular systems, increasing evidence suggest that NPs also largely coordinate inter-organ metabolic cross-talk with adipose tissues. We recently reported that A-type NP (ANP) raises intracellular temperature in cultured adipocytes in a low-temperature sensitive manner. We herein investigated whether ANP exerts a significant impact on adipose tissues in vivo, using diet-induced obese mice. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to high-fat diet (HFD) or normal-fat diet (NFD) for 13 weeks, and treated with or without ANP infusion for 3 weeks (0.5 ug/kg/min via osmotic-pump). The ANP infusion significantly increased its serum concentration both in NFD and HFD group. Histological analyses revealed that HFD induced increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) cell size with accumulation of lipid droplets (whitening). ANP treatment significantly suppressed this whitening response (re-browning). Similarly, HFD induced enlarged inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) lipid droplets, which was significantly reduced by ANP. This was associated with a substantial increase in uncoupling protein-1(UCP1) expression in WAT confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis (browning, n=3 each) and UCP1mRNA analysis (NFD+NP 2.7±0.4 fold vs NFD, P&lt;0.01; HFD+NP 6.4±2.2 fold vs HFD, P&lt;0.05, n=5 each). To determine the functional significance of browning effects of ANP, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed and showed that ANP treatment substantially improved insulin resistance in HFD (p&lt;0.05, n=9 each). Moreover, cold tolerance test (at 4°C for 4 hours) demonstrated that the ANP-treated mice were tolerant to cold exposure, which was more salient in HFD with ANP (Decrease in rectal temperature from baseline [°C]: NFD+ANP –2.4±0.6, HFD –2.5±0.4, HFD+ANP –2.1±0.4, versus NFD –9.2±2.2, P&lt;0.01 each, n=9 each). In conclusion, ANP induces WAT browning and preserves BAT function in obese models, leading to in vivo thermogenesis as well as improvement in insulin resistance. These findings reveal the compensatory roles of natriuretic peptides against the core body temperature fall and insulin resistance in a state of heart failure.

Distal skin vasodilation in sleep preparedness, and its impact on thermal status in preterm neonates

ObjectivePrior to sleep onset in human adults, distal body temperatures change progressively from wakefulness levels (low skin temperatures and a high core temperature) to sleep levels (high skin temperatures and a low core temperature) due to distal skin vasodilation and greater body cooling. It is not known whether this sleep preparedness exists in preterm neonates, even though sleep has a key role in neonatal health and neurodevelopment. The present study's objectives were to determine whether sleep preparedness (as observed in adults) can be evidenced in preterm neonates, and to assess repercussions on thermal stress. MethodsDuring a 12-h night-time polysomnography session, skin temperatures (recorded with an infrared camera), sleep, and wakefulness episodes were measured in 18 nine-day-old preterm neonates. ResultsFifteen wakefulness episodes were considered. Our results highlighted significant pre-sleep distal skin vasodilation (mainly at the foot: an increase of 0.38 °C in the 20 min preceding sleep onset) for the first time in preterm neonates. This vasodilation occurred even though (1) most factors known to influence pre-sleep vasodilation in adults were not present in these neonates, and (2) the neonates were nursed in a nearly constant thermal environment. The vasodilatation-related increase in body heat loss corresponded to a 0.15°C/h fall in mean body temperature (calculated using partitional calorimetry). ConclusionCompensation for this body heat loss and the maintenance of body homeothermia would require a 4% increase in metabolic heat production. In neonates, this type of energy expenditure cannot be maintained for a long period of time.

Cold-associated skin disorders

The human capacity for physiologic adaptation to cold is minimal. A cold environment can be a threat to the skin, leading to a subsequent fall in core body temperature. Many physiologic, behavioral, and environmental factors predispose to the global effects of cold injuries. Physical injuries caused by cold have two forms: systemic forms such as hypothermia and localized forms such as frostbite. Reduced temperature directly damages the tissue, as in frostbite and cold immersion foot. Vasospasm of vessels perfusing the skin induces chilblain, acrocyanosis, and frostbite. The degree of damage caused by cold is related to four factors: temperature, exposure time, wind intensity (temperature sensation), and high altitude.

Pepper and cinnamon improve cold induced cognitive impairment via increasing non-shivering thermogenesis; a study

Despite an understanding that a major effect of cold exposure is a fall in core body temperature which is responsible for the observed decrements in the performance, it is surprising that thermogenic supplements are seldom evaluated to verify if they can aid in improving the performance during cold exposure. Following evidence from our previous study indicating the ability of pepper and cinnamon to improve cold endurance, we investigated further here if the improved endurance had advantages in real time where they could positively affect cognitive performance (assessed by Novel object test) when exposed to cold in albino wistar rats. In order to delineate if the observed improvement if any, was due to their cognitive enhancing ability or thermogenic potential, distinctive room temperature (RT) and cold temperature (CT) groups were used. Cold exposure impaired cognitive performance which improved following treatment with both the spices. We noted an increased rate of cold adaptive thermogenesis in CT treated group as evidenced by an elevated norepinephrine, free fatty acid levels in blood, increased expression of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue, the net effect being a decreased fall in the core body temperature. Absence of any notable effect in these parameters in the RT treated group ascertained that at least in the current experimental set up the observed improvement in performance in CT treated group is due to the thermogenic potential of the spices alone. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the cognitive impairment caused by exposure to cold can be effectively countered by agents with thermogenic potential.

IPH and the role of patient warming

An unplanned fall in body temperature to below 36°C in adult surgical patients, inadvertent perioperative hypothermia is associated with negative recovery outcomes for patients after surgery, despite being largely preventable. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence ( NICE, 2016 ) guidelines for preventing and managing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia recommend forced-air warming, and the warming of intravenous fluids and blood products before administration, to promote patient warming. Pre-warming could be a significant factor in preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programme for surgical patients recognises the importance of patient warming for achieving a rapid and uncomplicated recovery from major surgery.

Effects of low temperature on breathing pattern and ventilatory responses during hibernation in the golden-mantled ground squirrel.

During entrance into hibernation in golden-mantled ground squirrels (Callospermophilus lateralis), ventilation decreases as metabolic rate and body temperature fall. Two patterns of respiration occur during deep hibernation. At 7 °C body temperature (T b ), a breathing pattern characterized by episodes of multiple breaths (20.6 ± 1.9 breaths/episode) separated by long apneas or nonventilatory periods (T nvp ) (mean = 11.1 ± 1.2min) occurs, while at 4 °C T b , a pattern in which breaths are evenly distributed and separated by a relatively short T nvp (0.5 ± 0.05min) occurs. Squirrels exhibiting each pattern have similar metabolic rates and levels of total ventilation (0.2 and 0.23ml O2/hr/kg and 0.11 and 0.16ml air/min/kg, respectively). Squirrels at 7 °C T b exhibit a significant hypoxic ventilatory response, while squirrels at 4 °C T b do not respond to hypoxia at any level of O2 tested. Squirrels at both temperatures exhibit a significant hypercapnic ventilatory response, but the response is significantly reduced in the 4 °C T b squirrels. Carotid body denervation has little effect on the breathing patterns or on the hypercapnic ventilatory responses. It does reduce the magnitude and threshold for the hypoxic ventilatory response. Taken together the data suggest that (1) the fundamental rhythm generator remains functional at low temperatures; (2) the hypercapnic ventilatory response arises from central chemoreceptors that remain functional at very low temperatures; (3) the hypoxic ventilatory response arises from both carotid body and aortic chemoreceptors that are silenced at lower temperatures; and (4) there is a strong correlation between breathing pattern and chemosensitivity.

Perioperative warming with a thermal gown prevents maternal temperature loss during elective cesarean section. A randomized clinical trial

Decrease in body temperature is common during general and regional anesthesia. Forced-air warming intraoperative during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia seems not able to prevent it. The hypothesis considers that active warming before the intraoperative period avoids temperature loss during cesarean. Forty healthy pregnant patients undergoing elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia received active warming from a thermal gown in the preoperative care unit 30min before spinal anesthesia and during surgery (Go, n=20), or no active warming at any time (Ct, n=20). After induction of spinal anesthesia, the thermal gown was replaced over the chest and upper limbs and maintained throughout study. Room temperature, hemoglobin saturation, heart rate, arterial pressure, and tympanic body temperature were registered 30min before (baseline) spinal anesthesia, right after it (time zero) and every 15min thereafter. There was no difference for temperature at baseline, but they were significant throughout the study (p<0.0001; repeated measure ANCOVA). Tympanic temperature baseline was 36.6±0.3°C, measured 36.5±0.3°C at time zero and reached 36.1±0.2°C for gown group, while control group had baseline temperature of 36.4±0.4°C, measured 36.3±0.3°C at time zero and reached 35.4±0.4°C (F=32.53; 95% CI 0.45-0.86; p<0.001). Hemodynamics did not differ throughout the study for both groups of patients. Active warming 30min before spinal anesthesia and during surgery prevented a fall in body temperature in full-term pregnant women during elective cesarean delivery.

Evaluation of antipyretic, antinocieptive and sedative effects of Tribulus terrestris, Mimosa pigra and Alkanna tinctoria methanolic extracts

This study is aimed to evaluate the of antipyretic, antinocieptive and sedative effects of Tribulus terrestris, Mimosa pigra and Alkanna tinctoria methanolic extracts. The methanolic extracts of Mimosa pigra and Alkanna tinctoria showed significant antipyretic and sedative effects. None of the extracts showed any antinociceptive effects. The maximum fall in body temperature was 3.9 - 4.3 °C and occurred 45 minutes after injection of the extracts.