Faith Belief Research Articles

Examining the "traditional background hypothesis" for the MMPI-2-RF L-r scores in a Muslim faith-based sample.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 32(10) of Psychological Assessment (see record 2020-72093-001). In the article "Examining the 'Traditional Background Hypothesis' for the MMPI-2-RF L-r Scores in a Muslim Faith-Based Sample," by R. Michael Bagby, Karin A. Onno, Ardeshir Mortezaei, and Martin Sellbom (Psychological Assessment, 2020, Vol. 32, No. 10, pp. 991-995, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/pas0000941), the word "not" was missing in the abstract from the text "(b) direct assessments of strength of faith or positive impression management were not included or measured independently." The correct sentence should have read as follows: "(b) direct assessments of strength of faith or positive impression management were not included or measured independently." All versions of this article have been corrected.] The traditional background hypothesis (TBH) is a long-standing belief associated with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) L scale; a validity scale, which appears on every version of the family of MMPI instruments including the soon-to-be released MMPI-3. The L scale was originally designed to assess whether test respondents presented themselves in an unrealistically favorable light. Both researchers and clinicians noted, however, that those from traditional Christian faith-based groups produced elevated L-scale scores. A recent meta-analysis supported this observation, reporting an average L-scale elevation 0.50 SD greater than the MMPI-2 normative sample compared to samples of those with presumptively strong Christian-Judeo faith. Some limitations of this meta-analysis are that (a) the samples used in it included those undergoing an evaluative assessment, which could elevate L-scale scores independent of strength of faith belief, and (b) direct assessments of strength of faith or positive impression management were included or measured independently. Our primary goal in this study was to examine the TBH addressing these limitations with a sample of those who self-identified as believers in the Muslim faith (N = 267), the examination of which expands the scope beyond those of the Christian-Judeo faith. Consistent with previous results, the mean L-r (MMPI/MMPI-2 L scale counterpart on the MMPI-2-Restructured Form) was 56.41 T. Higher L-r scale scores were associated with increasing strength in the Muslim faith, and although increasing L-r scores were primarily associated with impression management, increasing Muslim-based faith values had a nontrivial influence on L-r scores and especially in the moderate score range of this scale. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Correction to Bagby et al. (2020).

Reports an error in "Examining the "traditional background hypothesis" for the MMPI-2-RF L-r scores in a Muslim faith-based sample" by R. Michael Bagby, Karin A. Onno, Ardeshir Mortezaei and Martin Sellbom (Psychological Assessment, Advanced Online Publication, Jul 27, 2020, np). In the article "Examining the 'Traditional Background Hypothesis' for the MMPI-2-RF L-r Scores in a Muslim Faith-Based Sample," by R. Michael Bagby, Karin A. Onno, Ardeshir Mortezaei, and Martin Sellbom (Psychological Assessment, 2020, Vol. 32, No. 10, pp. 991-995, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/pas0000941), the word "not" was missing in the abstract from the text "(b) direct assessments of strength of faith or positive impression management were included or measured independently." The correct sentence should have read as follows: "(b) direct assessments of strength of faith or positive impression management were not included or measured independently." All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2020-54974-001.) The traditional background hypothesis (TBH) is a long-standing belief associated with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) L scale; a validity scale, which appears on every version of the family of MMPI instruments including the soon-to-be released MMPI-3. The L scale was originally designed to assess whether test respondents presented themselves in an unrealistically favorable light. Both researchers and clinicians noted, however, that those from traditional Christian faith-based groups produced elevated L-scale scores. A recent meta-analysis supported this observation, reporting an average L-scale elevation 0.50 SD greater than the MMPI-2 normative sample compared to samples of those with presumptively strong Christian-Judeo faith. Some limitations of this meta-analysis are that (a) the samples used in it included those undergoing an evaluative assessment, which could elevate L-scale scores independent of strength of faith belief, and (b) direct assessments of strength of faith or positive impression management were included or measured independently. Our primary goal in this study was to examine the TBH addressing these limitations with a sample of those who self-identified as believers in the Muslim faith (N = 267), the examination of which expands the scope beyond those of the Christian-Judeo faith. Consistent with previous results, the mean L-r (MMPI/MMPI-2 L scale counterpart on the MMPI-2-Restructured Form) was 56.41 T. Higher L-r scale scores were associated with increasing strength in the Muslim faith, and although increasing L-r scores were primarily associated with impression management, increasing Muslim-based faith values had a nontrivial influence on L-r scores and especially in the moderate score range of this scale. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Perceptions of palliative care in a South Asian community: findings from an observational study

BackgroundPatients often view “palliative care” (PC) as an approach that is synonymous with end-of-life and death, leading to shock and fear. Differing cultural and social norms and religious affiliations greatly determine perception of PC among diverse populations.MethodsThis prospective observational study aimed to explore perceptions of PC among South Asian community members at one Canadian site. Patients who identified themselves as being of South Asian origin were consented and enrolled at a PC Clinic at a community hospital in Brampton, Ontario serving a large South Asian population. Participants filled out an 18-question survey created for the study and responded to a semi-structured interview consisting of 8 questions that further probed their perceptions of PC. Survey responses and semi-structured interviews content were analyzed by four authors who reached consensus on key exploratory findings.ResultsThirty-four participants of South Asian origin were recruited (61.8% males), and they were distributed by their age group as follows: [(30–49) - 18%; (50–64) – 21%; (65–79) - 41%; (≥ 80) – 21%]. Five main exploratory findings emerged: (i) differing attitudes towards talking about death; (ii) the key role of family in providing care; (iii) a significant lack of prior knowledge of PC; (iv) a common emphasis on the importance of alleviating suffering and pain to maintain comfort; and (v) that cultural values, faith, or spiritual belief do not pose a necessary challenge to acceptance of PC services.ConclusionsObservations from this study provide a source of reference to understand the key findings and variability in perceptions of palliative care in South Asian communities. Culturally competent interventions based on trends observed in this study could assist Palliative Physicians in delivering personalized care to South Asian populations.

Contextualising Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0

The Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah is one of the disciplines that has been given a unique space in various fields of study nowadays. Though a plethora of studies touched on Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah, it rarely linked to the area of STEM education. This phenomenon is crucial in ensuring that the education world is in the mould of the Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah while at the same time realising the pure will of the Islamic Legal System. STEM Education in the image of the perfect Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah is believed to be able to shape and produce good people in the future, especially in driving a very challenging industrial revolution. Through a qualitative approach using document analysis, this study attempts to draw out the basics of education by the Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah that can form the perfect and proper thinking. Subsequently, the investigation continued by discussing the elements of the Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah identified in these fundamentals. The paper revealed that four main components identified in this issue, namely, the belief in good faith, noble morals, Sharī’ah-based thinking, and professionalising the world. All of these elements acquired by humans through the process of education. The implication is that the study found that placing the STEM education world in the purview of the Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah should be an influential agenda of national education to drive and meet the challenges of industrial revolution 4.0. Therefore, this effort should be the attention of the national education policymakers who must involve scholars in the field.

Using Student-Led Discussion and Reflection of a Public Health-Related Nonfiction Book as a Tool to Encourage Inclusive Pedagogy in an Undergraduate Classroom.

Educators realize the need to provide an inclusive, safe environment in a diverse classroom setting to encourage discussion of sensitive topics. However, descriptions of evidence-based approaches that may help us to meet inclusive pedagogy–related competencies are limited. Here, we describe a discussion format that followed chapter readings from a nonfiction biographical book called Mountains beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer, a Man Who Would Cure the World (2003), by Tracy Kidder. This semester-long effort allowed sufficient time for students to develop an understanding of global public health affairs and to reflect on their own role in this world as responsible citizens. A discussion around several sensitive issues emerged, such as the extent of their belief in faith versus science, their opinion on providing financial aid to developing countries versus addressing public health issues in their home country, stereotypes and how that may spread panic during a public-health emergency. The student essays provided evidence that activities were successful in 1) drawing out students’ voices about world affairs, 2) teaching students to empathize with varied belief systems, 3) helping students develop a deeper appreciation of empirical and ethical factors that may affect such issues—all of which are key competencies for an inclusive classroom setting. We believe that the activities are flexible in structure and could be easily incorporated into a biology or liberal arts classroom setting to achieve inclusive pedagogy–related goals.

List apostolski Duodecimum saeculum Ojca Świętego św. Jana Pawła II z okazji tysiąc dwusetnej rocznicy Soboru Nicejskiego II. Miejsce ikony w wierze i rozumieniu św. Jana Pawła II

The letter of the Holy Father John Paul II written in Rome in 1987, in the tenth year of His pontificate, on December 4th, on the day of memorial of Saint John Damascene, the doctor of the Church, on the Twelfth Centenary of finishing the controversy over the icon, is of great importance for the Pope’s program of ecumenism. The Holy Father indicated various directions of the dialogue, however, the one of the utmost importance concerned the agreement with the Orthodox Church, which was confirmed in the letters and in His other documents quoted in this paper. The image used to be essential for religious practice, for illustrating the word of prayer and of the song, in order to preserve the tradition of the Church. The strict prohibition introduced by the iconoclasm depreciated not only the artistic tradition of paintings but also the basic dogmas of Christ’s Incarnation and the one which introduced Virgin Mary as the Theotokos (the God-bearer). The ban constituted a threat not only for the icons but also for the Christian faith. In His Letter, the Pope underlined the important role of the Second Council of Nicaea which reintroduced icons and maintained and deepened the meaning of the cult in the faith of believers. Furthermore, the Holy Father indicated the connection with the Second Vatican Council in understanding the function and form of images in contemporary Church. Contemporary trends are overwhelmed by the impotence of the spiritual expression of sacral art, which is a great concern for the Pope. The Letter is, therefore, a dramatic warning of the threats for religious art in contemporary time, expressed by the Holy Father with these words: ‘The rediscovery of the Christian icon will also help in raising the awareness of the urgency of reacting against the depersonalizing and at times degrading effects of the many images that condition our lives in advertisements and the media.’ (DS, 11).

Rekonstruksi Islamisasi Sains Sebagai Langkah Awal Islamisasi Ilmu

Muhammad Naquib al-Attas was the first figure who explicitly stated the project of Islamization of knowledge when a conference held in Mecca. In the concept of religion, there are at least several concepts that are contained, namely: faith (belief), Islam (obedience) and Ihsan (integration between heart and mind in good deeds) and all of this, driven by science. Reconstruction of Al-Attas's thinking originated from his concern for the narrowing of meaning to Islamic scientific terms caused by attempts at westernization, mythology, the inclusion of things that are magical and secularism. In line with its strategy of Islamization, al-Attas seems to use the approach of Islamization of science as a springboard to correct modern discipline and purify the sciences that have been contaminated by the ideology of secularism. Knowledge in al-Attas' view is something that is devolved from God to enter into the spirit, then interpreted by the forces that exist in that spirit to the birth of knowledge and forms of symbols or logical proportions or metamatise.

Beyond Indulgences: Luther's Reform of Late Medieval Piety, 1518–1520 by Anna Marie Johnson

Reviewed by: Beyond Indulgences: Luther's Reform of Late Medieval Piety, 1518–1520 by Anna Marie Johnson Mary Jane Haemig Beyond Indulgences: Luther's Reform of Late Medieval Piety, 1518–1520. By Anna Marie Johnson. Early Modern Studies 21. Kirksville: Truman State University Press, 2017. 227 pp. This book began as a Ph.D. dissertation at Princeton Theological Seminary. Johnson examines Luther's early pastoral writings and thereby sculpts an alternative narrative of the early years (1517–1521) of the Reformation. Scholarship has traditionally focused on documents and events such as the Ninety-Five Theses (1517) and the Heidelberg Disputation (1518), and theological issues such as indulgences and papal primacy. In contrast, Johnson understands these years by analyzing Luther's reform of traditional Christian practices and focuses on twenty-five pastoral writings between 1517 and 1520. While treating a wide range of practices, these writings had a consistent focus on "sincere faith, trust in God's grace, and the willingness to suffer" (183). Chapter one examines relevant scholarship, the scholarly focus on the so-called "reformation discovery" and polemics, and recent interest in Luther as a pastoral theologian. It also provides background on late medieval Christian practices. Chapter two reviews the two years before the indulgence controversy (1516–1517), looking at, among others, the lectures on Romans and early comments on indulgences, as well as the Ninety-Five Theses. Johnson highlights Luther's "central concern for proper repentance" (57) and notes that "Luther's seemingly disparate conflict with Scholasticism and his protest against indulgences are woven together by his concern about the effects of Scholastic doctrine and Christian practice on the faith of believers" (59). Chapter three, on Lent 1518, examines how Luther [End Page 207] reformed Penance by emphasizing proper preparation—faith and a recognition of one's inclination to sin—rather than false confidence in successful completion of the work of Penance. It also examines Luther's criticism of relics, veneration of saints, and medieval prayer practices. Luther's emphases on the importance of faith, the need to recognize one's sinfulness, and the view that suffering is an essential part of Christian life are themes that also were important at the Heidelberg Disputation. Far from a sidelight, Luther's "concerns about practice appeared repeatedly, corresponded to themes he reiterated in other settings, and were woven into the fabric of his protest" (93). Chapter four, on summer 1518, discusses three pastoral writings produced between the Heidelberg disputation and Luther's meeting with Cajetan. While polemic and academic works, such as the Explanations of the Ninety-Five Theses, focused on penance and indulgences, these pastoral writings (a preface to German Theology, The Ten Commandments Preached to the People of Wittenberg, and an explanation of Psalm 110) took up less controversial themes. Johnson asserts that Luther's approach to questions of piety remained the same and no "seismic shift in Luther's thought" (110) occurred during summer 1518. Chapter five covers early 1519 to the Leipzig Debate. Issues of papal authority and indulgences were the major polemical issues in this period. But Luther also produced a work on the Ten Commandments and one on the Lord's Prayer, as well as five sermons and treatises on "a broad range of ecclesiastically endorsed devotional practices" (115). While offering instruction on such matters as contemplating Christ's passion, prayer, marriage, and good works, Luther articulated a litmus test for Christian practice "Anything that increased trust in God and service to the neighbor is proper Christian practice, while anything that diverted energies away from this goal and made one self-focused is to be discouraged" (140). Chapter six, fall 1519 to summer 1520, examines the period from the Leipzig Debate to Luther's excommunication, including sermons on Confession, Baptism, and the Lord's Supper, as well as A Sermon on Preparing to Die, a sermon on usury, and a sermon on good works. Johnson notes that in these months "Luther began to include intense criticism of the church hierarchy in his pastoral writings" and "began to criticize practices of enormous importance to the hierarchy" (178). [End Page 208] Johnson makes a convincing argument that practical issues played a foundational role in Luther's...

Encountering the difficulties of Entrepreneurship: Lesson from Ramayana

Scholars could not come to unanimity on definition of entrepreneurship but agreement exist that an entrepreneur should be a natural leader having thorough understanding of the business and visualize the changes and take calculated risk. Skills and abilities required for entrepreneurship are so great and numerous that it is difficult to find persons having entrepreneurship trailts. Most of the entrepreneurs either fail at early stages or unable to expand the business beyond a small shop. A successful entrepreneur in addition to being a visionary and possessing qualities like innovativeness, resilience, perseverance etc. should have the honest belief in self and unflinching faith in ‘Karma’ like ‘Rama of Ramayana’ so that he can face the challenges and pursue the goal with limited resources. Religious philosophy helps the people in developing traits useful in life. Holy books like the Ramayana not just deals with spirituality but management principles hidden in it help an individual to develop entrepreneurship skills and role effectiveness. Primarily, Ramayana is a story and pursuit of the Ramayana does not automatically get translated into entrepreneurship qualities as background was quite different than today’s business scenario. However, Rama, a role-model of Gyan-yog and Karm-yog, can be compared with an entrepreneur who started from scraps like entrepreneur but by linking of his goals with social values and following highest standard of ethics, he could make strategic alliances with Sugriva and Vibheeshana and created Ram and Company and inducted less skilled, less equipped but well dedicated Vanar in army and fought against Ravana (the greatest demon) having well equipped army, to make the earth free from devils and liberate Sita and save the dignity of women (social cause). Principles hidden in the Ramayana show holistic vision and, if followed, by an entrepreneur will help him to establish a successful business model.This article is a modest attempt of exploring attributes of Ram and principles/ methodology adopted by him in his fight against Ravana understood through interpretation of stanzas/ verses mentioned in Ramcharit Manas and correlate them with formation of strategy, goal orientation, strategic alliance, change management etc. ideally required by entrepreneurs to establish and grow his business in modern day competitive scenario.

Stasio Ylos kultūrinė antropologija: nužmogėjimo ir prisikėlimo paradigmos

[straipsnis lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
 Straipsnyje atskleidžiamos kultūros istoriko, psichologo, pedagogo, teologo, rašytojo, Štuthofo koncentracijos stovyklos kalinio, kunigo, profesoriaus Stasio Ylos (1908–1983) darbuose aprašytos dehumanizacijos, t. y. nužmogėjimo, išsigimimo, patirtys, taip pat pastangos išlikti žmogumi, dvasinio prisikėlimo galimybė. Remiamasi šiais S. Ylos darbais: studija „Komunizmas Lietuvoje“ (paskelbta Kaune, 1937 m.), atsiminimų knyga „Žmonės ir žvėrys Dievų miške“ (išleista Putname, JAV, 1951 m., perleista Lietuvoje, 1991 m.), rankraštine knyga „Paskaitos, pamokslai, maldos Štuthofe“ (rašyta 1943–1944 m.).

Teologi Eksklusif Era Kolonial - Potret Pemikiran KH. Ahmad Rifa’i tentang Konsep Iman

Tulisan ini akan menyoal fakta menarik tentang ekslusivitas teologi yang muncul dalam pemikiran KH. Ahmad Rifa’i Batang di era kolonial. Kajian akan difokuskan pada konsep iman yang digagas Kiai Rifa’i dalam karya-karyanya. Data diperoleh dari karya-karya Kiai Rifa’i yang ajarkan kepada para murid-muridnya. Data-data tersebut akan dianalisis dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dengan mengacu pada fakta-fakta teologis dan filosofis yang mewarnai pemikiran Kiai Rifa’i. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ekslusivitas teologi dalam pemikiran Kiai Rifa’i terbentuk karena adanya polarisasi terhadap kualitas iman manusia, yang dibedakan menjadi tiga: (1) Iman Maqbul, yakni iman orang mukmin yang hanya melakukan dosa kecil; (2) Iman Mauqūf, yaitu iman orang yang melakukan dosa besar penyebab fasik; (3) Iman Mardūd, adalah iman orang munafik dan orang yang melakukan dosa besar penyebab kafir. Dari trilogi iman tersebut, beberapa masalah fiqh kerap dihukumi oleh Kiai Rifa’i dengan kesimpulan yang bersifat eksklusif seperti dalam pernikahan dan Sholat Jum’at yang menurutnya dihukumi tidak sah, karena pada dua masalah itu terdapat peran orang yang kualitas keimanannya masuk dalam kategori “Iman Mauquf”, yakni para penghulu yang mau membantu pemerintahan kolonial (Belanda).

STUDI EKSEGETIS UNGKAPAN MENGUCAP SYUKUR DALAM SEGALA HAL MENURUT 1 TESALONIKA 5:18

Give thanks is an attitude of the human heart. Giving thanks shows an attitude that is based on a believer's faith in God. Even though this is a simple command, reality shows many believers' failure to give thanks. The Apostle Paul also saw this reality, therefore through 1 Thessalonians, the apostle Paul wanted to give teachings and appeals so that the believers in Thessalonica could show an attitude of life to give thanks. But there are different things that Paul taught with the concept of thanksgiving of unbelievers. Therefore, to understand these differences, it is very important to study thanksgiving from a biblical perspective, in this article specifically doing the exegetical study of the expression "giving thanks in all things" according to 1 Thessalonians 5:18.

Ni fatalidad ni casualidad: el desarrollo histórico de la ciudad de Dios en su peregrinación en la ciudad terrena

The article deals with the foundations of Augustine’s Theology of History, as can be read in Book V of The City of God. A distinction among the pagan belief in destiny and Christian faith is made. The text which is analyzed is considered as the source of Augustine’s Theology of History, in Books XV-XVIII of the City of God, and also of his doctrine about Predestination. The article also deals with the relationship within the process of salvation, between divine grace and human deeds.

Christ’s faith, doubt, and the cry of dereliction

According to accounts of the Passion, Christ cries out from the cross, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” The cry, I argue, manifests that Christ lacks a belief that God is with him. Given the standard view of faith—belief that p is required for faith that p—it would follow that Christ lost his faith that God is with him just before he died. In this paper, I challenge the standard view by looking at the cognitive requirement of faith. Although faith that p requires some positive cognitive orientation toward p, that orientation need not be belief. I show that reliance is an alternative stance that fulfills the cognitive requirement of faith. Reliance aims at providing sensible guidance for action that is in accord with one’s values/ends. Thinking of the cognitive component of Christ’s faith in terms of reliance makes sense of the doubt manifested in his cry.

White Lies and Good Faith Dishonesty: Sometimes, Presumably, Directors Must Employ Subterfuge to Protect the Corporation

The courts have long struggled with a standard for reviewing board of directors' exercise of corporate control against a fellow director through strategic unequal treatment. While validating corporate secrecy between directors raises old-fashioned questions of corporate morality, there are presumably circumstances in which it is lawful and equitable to withhold information from a fellow director in order to protect the corporation. It seems that in certain contexts, disabling corporate boards from using their best business judgment to not prematurely disclose a planned action that would impair the interests of a director who is perceived to be harmful to the enterprise, contradict their fiduciary duties and would jeopardize stockholders' welfare far more than would strategic silence.In the recent case of Optimiscorp v. Waite, the Court of Chancery and Delaware Supreme Court were called to confront head on with this fundamental question: Can a board of directors call a special board meeting without pre-disclosing its plan to encroach upon fellow director's governance rights, acting in subjective good faith and honest belief the action is in the best interests of the corporation? Although the judicial scrutiny applied to unequal treatment of directors has shifted throughout the years, courts have treated such actions with suspicion, applying general reasoning grounded in fairness principles but without articulating why or what equitable standard of conduct has been violated.This Article examines the Delaware courts' most recent response to the limits of corporate boards' authority to treat fellow directors unequally. Particularly, I argue that the Delaware Supreme Court in OptimisCorp v. Waite failed to distinguish adequately those situations in which blindsiding a director constitutes inappropriate directorial behavior that improperly encroaches upon cognizable rights from the set of situations in which merely not disclosing its plan prematurely should not eliminate directors' protection of the business judgment rule. Thus, I argue the court's analysis and standard of review of exercise of such corporate power need significant refinement.

The Supreme Court's Quiet Revolution in Induced Patent Infringement

The Supreme Court over the last decade or so has reengaged with patent law. While much attention has been paid to the Court’s reworking of what constitutes patent eligible subject matter and enhancing tools to combat “patent trolls,” what many have missed is the Court’s reworking of the contours of active inducement of patent infringement under 35 U.S.C. § 271(b). The Court has taken the same number of § 271(b) cases as subject matter eligibility cases – four. Yet this reworking has not garnered much attention in the literature. This article offers the first comprehensive assessment of the Court’s efforts to define active inducement. In so doing, it identifies the surprising significance of the Court’s most recent case, Commil USA, LLC v. Cisco Systems, Inc., where the Court held that a good faith belief on the part of the accused inducer cannot negate the mental state required for inducement – the intent to induce acts of infringement. In so doing, the Court moved away from its policy of encouraging challenges to patent validity as articulated in Lear, Inc. v. Adkins and its progeny. This step away from Lear is significant and surprising, particularly where critiques of the patent system suggest there are too many invalid patents creating issues for competition. This article critiques these aspects of Commil and then addresses lingering, unanswered questions. In particular, this article suggests that a good faith belief that the induced acts are not infringing, which remains as a defense, should only act as a shield against past damages and not against prospective relief such as injunctions or ongoing royalties. The courts so far have failed to appreciate this important temporal dynamic.

Good faith belief of patent invalidity not a valid defence to induced infringement

The United States Supreme Court has held that it is no defence to induced infringement that the alleged infringer had a good faith belief that the patent was invalid.

HAYDERİZADE İBRAHİM EFENDİ'NİN VEHHÂBÎLİK ADLI MAKALESİ

Yaklasik iki asir once Arap Yarimadasi'nda Muhammed b. Abdilvehhab (v.1206/1792) tarafindan kurulan Vehhabilik, bugun Suudi Arabistan'in resmi mezhebi durumundadir. Vahhabilik, Osmanlilarda davranislarindaki sertlik, imanlarindaki taassup ve kendi inanislarinda olmayanlari kufurle suclamak bakimlarindan “Haricilik” hareketi olarak bakilmistir. Osmanli'nin 36. Padisahi VI. Mehmed Vahideddin (1918-1922) zamaninin 170. Seyhulislami Hayderizâde Ibrahim Efendi (v.1349/1933) de Vahhabi mezhebinin kurulmasi, gelismesi, fikirleri ve yayilmasi ile ilgili “Sebilurresâd” Dergisi'nde dort makale kaleme almistir. Kendisi Medresetu'l-Vaizin'de “Mezahib ve Turuk-u Islâmiye Tarihi” dersi veren eserleri olan ihtisas sahibidir. O'nun Sebilurresâd'da yayinlanan “Vehhâbilik” adli makalelerini Kelâm ve Mezhepler Tarihi Ilmi cercevesinde sadelestirmek istiyoruz.

علاقة الذات بالصفات الإلهية في فكر محيي الدين بن عربي

The relationship between Divine Self and Attributes in the thought of Ibn Arabi The Oneness of Allah is the most important belief in the Islamic faith. Allah SWT is one in His Self, His attributes, and His acts. His self is neither composite nor divisible in any way. The effort to understand how the unity and uniqueness of God is compatible with the diversity of His attributes produced many explanations and doctrines throughout the Islamic History. The most famous doctrine is the Asha’riah position, that the attributes are neither identical to the self of Allah nor different from it. The Mutazilah deny the divine qualities in order to maintain the unity of God. This article attempts to explain the position taken on this question by Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi – one of the most famous Sufi scholars. He tried to resolve the problem in his own way, based on his conception of “nisab”.

Patent Case Management Judicial Guide - Third Edition

This treatise updates and expands upon the second edition of the Patent Case Management Judicial Guide (2012). Since that time, patent litigation has continued to increase in complexity. This edition encompasses implementation of the America Invents Act (“AIA”), the emergence of review proceedings at the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”), the Supreme Court’s many recent patent decisions (patent eligibility, claim construction, claim indefiniteness, infringement analysis (rejecting “joint infringement”), the intent requirement for induced infringement liability (rejecting a defense of good faith belief of a patent’s invalidity), and attorney fees), and the Federal Circuit’s damages jurisprudence (including damage awards for standard essential patents (SEP) licensed pursuant to fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory (FRAND) terms. It also includes case management checklists, model case management orders, and other materials developed by district judges and advisory bodies for streamlining patent case management. Finally, this volume adds a chapter on patent litigation at the Court of Federal Claims.