Fairmount Park Research Articles

Our American Heritage: Trees

The first tree introduced into America was the peach, by the Spaniards in the early 16th century. Pears, apples, cherries, quince, and plums followed in 1638 and again in 1663. Survival of man was foremost. The first tree shipped from America was the arbor-vitae, to France, before 1550. Indians used tamarack for thread, shagbark hickory for fresh cream. Peaches were planted by them in quantity. The first native trees planted by the Colonists were sugar maple, red oak, catalpa, and American elm. Those used for building and furniture were white oak and black walnut. American elms were of early historical significance; one was the "Liberty Tree," under one there was a signing of a peace treaty with the Indians by William Penn, and under one George Washington took command of the Continental Army. The first botanic garden was started by John Bartram near Philadelphia in 1728. The first commercial nursery, the Robert Prince Nursery in Flushing, New York, began in 1737 and existed until 1869 through four generations, included an extensive variety of fruits and ornamentals. The first organized street tree planting program occurred in Philadelphia in 1750. Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, is the oldest park in America. Men of importance regarding trees: Mark Catesby who introduced Nyssa sylvatlca, Asimina, etc.; John and William Bartram who found Franklinia alatamaha; Johnny Appleseed who started extensive apple plantations; Andre Michaux who discovered Cladrastis lutea; Joseph Howland who found Tsuga canadensis pendula; William Hamilton who planted the first fruit tree varieties; Dr. George Hall who first introduced trees directly from the Orient; and Dr. Ernest H. Wilson who explored and introduced plants extensively. There are many cultivars of recent essence including the Merrill magnolia, seedless and fruitless honeylocusts, Bradford pear, etc.

Thomas Eakins's Gross Clinic

In the summer of 1875 Philadelphia was already preparing for her forthcoming Centennial. Great buildings were rising in Fairmount Park, and among the first of these, and one in which Philadelphia took particular pride, was the Art Gallery, otherwise known as Memorial Hall. A great Annex was soon needed to accommodate the overflow. Since the anniversary was an American anniversary, care was taken to ensure the submission of much American art. A Committee of Selection was formed, and John Sartain, the Philadelphia engraver and publisher, and father of the painters William and Emily Sartain, was installed as Chief of Bureau. Philadelphia artists made eager plans for submissions, and, whether by coincidence or not, Thomas Eakins began the work that many regard as his masterpiece, the Gross Clinic (Fig. 1).

Thomas Eakins's Gross Clinic

In the summer of 1875 Philadelphia was already preparing for her forthcoming Centennial. Great buildings were rising in Fairmount Park, and among the first of these, and one in which Philadelphia took particular pride, was the Art Gallery, otherwise known as Memorial Hall. A great Annex was soon needed to accommodate the overflow. Since the anniversary was an American anniversary, care was taken to ensure the submission of much American art. A Committee of Selection was formed, and John Sartain, the Philadelphia engraver and publisher, and father of the painters William and Emily Sartain, was installed as Chief of Bureau. Philadelphia artists made eager plans for submissions, and, whether by coincidence or not, Thomas Eakins began the work that many regard as his masterpiece, the Gross Clinic (Fig. 1).

Thomas Eakins'sGross Clinic

In the summer of 1875 Philadelphia was already preparing for her forthcoming Centennial. Great buildings were rising in Fairmount Park, and among the first of these, and one in which Philadelphia took particular pride, was the Art Gallery, otherwise known as Memorial Hall. A great Annex was soon needed to accommodate the overflow. Since the anniversary was an American anniversary, care was taken to ensure the submission of much American art. A Committee of Selection was formed, and John Sartain, the Philadelphia engraver and publisher, and father of the painters William and Emily Sartain, was installed as Chief of Bureau. Philadelphia artists made eager plans for submissions, and, whether by coincidence or not, Thomas Eakins began the work that many regard as his masterpiece, the Gross Clinic (Fig. 1).

The Philadelphia Centennial Towers

Research Article| March 01 1960 The Philadelphia Centennial Towers Clay Lancaster Clay Lancaster Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (1960) 19 (1): 11–15. https://doi.org/10.2307/987961 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Clay Lancaster; The Philadelphia Centennial Towers. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 March 1960; 19 (1): 11–15. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/987961 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Belmont Fairmount Park

Belmont Fairmount Park

Analysis of some Fairmount Park waters

Analysis of some Fairmount Park waters

Examination of spring waters in fairmount park

Examination of spring waters in fairmount park

The Protection From Corrosion of Iron Work used as Covering for Railroad Tunnels

The main connection between the Baltimore and Ohio, and the Philadelphia and Reading Railroads, through the City of Philadelphia, is effected means of the Schuylkill River East Side Railroad, whose tracks skirt the east bank of the Schuylkill River from below Gray's Ferry to Callowhill Street, and there, diverging from the river front, pass through a tunnel under 25th Street, at the base of the Fairmount Reservoir, and a open cut along Fairmount Park to Park Junction, near Girard Avenue, where the connection is made.

LIST OF SYRPHIDÆ TAKEN IN FAIRMOUNT PARK, PHILADELPHIA, PA., DURING THE SUMMER OF 1884

The species in the following list were taken in Fairmount Park during the past summer, and mainly during May and June, which is the best time for Syrphidæ; then there are some which only appear in the fall months. Of all families of Diptera the Syrphidæ seem to be better represented in the Park than any other families of this order, perhaps with the exception of the Dolichopodidæ. The Syrphidæ seem to prefer damp and somewhat open woods, especially a small wood that has a small rivulet running through, near the border, and where there are patches of May apple, with the sun shining through the trees on the plants. This only applies to some species, for others prefer the borders of woods, fields, etc. I never found many Syrphidæ in a hot and sandy county, for instance like New Jersey, but what it lacks in Syrphidæ it makes up with the Bombylidæ, for last summer I took about ten species of the latter family in one day, while I only took about seven species the whole summer in Fairmount Park.

Horticulture in Fairmount Park

Horticulture in Fairmount Park

The Japanese Government Building at the Centennial Grounds in Fairmount Park

The Japanese Government Building at the Centennial Grounds in Fairmount Park

Road bridge over Lansdowne Valley, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia

In this study, a new kind of magnetoelectric (ME) structure is designed with Terfenol-D, PZT-5A and nonmagnetic and nonelectric trestle. The configuration of this ME structure presents “A-line” type, PZT-5A and Terfenol-D are respectively bonded with the trestles, which adopt the knuckle joint assembly. Differently from the conventional ME layered structure, in the new structure, the deformation of the PZT-5A of larger size is driven by a Terfenol-D layer of smaller size at an external magnetic field. Since the driven force is applied at the ends of piezoelectric layer through the trestles, the whole piezoelectric layer can be completely stretched or compressed, and the larger voltage should be induced. For the new ME structure with mica trestle, the maximum value of αE is twice higher than that for the conventional laminated ME structure. Furthermore, a wider range of response frequency is also observed in this structure. For the new ME structure with ABS trestle, the experimental results indicate that the maximum ME voltage coefficient is measured as high as 31.85 V/cm Oe at 405 Oe.