Wages Of Workers Research Articles

SECURITIZATION OF ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS ON THE SOUTH BORDER OF THE UNITED STATES BY PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: FOREIGN POLICY CHANGES

The United States is a country that implements a free and most open immigration foreign policy in the world as evidenced by the acceptance of hundreds of thousands of regional and international immigrants each year. The government that is given the responsibility to lead the country will give priority to immigration issues to be formulated in foreign policy. In the era of President Donald Trump, the issue of immigrants was focused on solving the problem of illegal immigrants at the Southern border with an America First approach and securitization measures. This research will focus on the factors that became the basis for President Donald Trump's consideration of securitization in order to change United States immigration policies, using the framework of The Politics of Foreign Policy Change, namely the identification of global and domestic conditions with political and economic elements as factors that underlying changes in a country's foreign policy. This study argues that President Trump's securitization actions in the context of changing US immigration policy are based on global political conditions, namely the presence of transnational crimes such as identity fraud, drug smuggling, and criminal acts. Global economic conditions, related to immigrants with low wages undermine the standard minimum wage for American workers. Political domestic factors are related to the fulfillment of President Trump's campaign promise to protect the homeland and people of the United States from the threat of illegal immigrants on the southern border. Domestic economic factors are related to American jobs which are occupied by illegal immigrants by falsifying their identities at companies and impacting the loss of the right to social security for United States citizens.
 
 Keywords: Foreign Policy Changes, Immigration Policy, Securitization.

Social Capital Changes in The Phinisi Craftsmen Group at Bulukumba Regency

Social capital in the relationship pattern of phinisi boat craftsmen is one of the most important capital besides capital in the form of material or goods because it is a bonding agent for relationships. This study aims to determine the forms and factors that cause changes in the social capital of the Pinisi boat craftsmen group in Bulukumba district using a qualitative case study strategy approach. Determination of 3 key informants, namely many categories, moderate categories, few categories. Data were analyzed through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verifying. The results showed that the cooperative pattern of the phinisi boat craftsmen group contained elements of social capital including trust, norms, networks and reciprocal relationships, where the boat entrepreneur fully trusts the retainers, related to the rules that apply in the pattern of working relationships in general have in common, namely the rules cooperation and wages for work in employing groups of craftsmen and in general boat entrepreneurs and retainers help each other when some of them experience difficulties. Social capital in the phinisi boat craftsmen group has changed significantly and gradually in the aspects of investment, technology and management.

The Lebanese Entrepreneurial Resilience In Times Of Crisis

The Lebanese Entrepreneurial Resilience In Times Of Crisis

660-P: Association between Livable Wage and Quality of Life in Adults with Diabetes

Background: Livable wage, compared to federal minimum wage, is income required to cover basic needs without outside assistance. There is limited data on the relationship between livable wage and health outcomes in adults with diabetes. This study tested the relationship between livable wage and quality of life in adults with diabetes. Methods: MEPS data from 2011-2020 were used. Federal minimum wage was based on the federal 2022 level of $7.25. Livable wage was based on the MIT living wage calculator level of $24.16. Both were multiplied by 280 to account for 40 hours per week for 52 weeks. Outcomes were physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) of the SF-12. Dependent variable was livable wage categorized as: 1) <federal minimum=“” wage=“” (<$15,080);=“” 2)=“” <livable=“” (=livable wage (≥$50,252). Covariates included: demographics, region, education, insurance, and comorbidities. Multiple linear regression was used to test the relationship between living wage and PCS/MCS adjusting for covariates. Results: Study sample was 20,327, representing 244,622,755 US adults with diabetes. By livable wage category, 64.1% reported wages <federal minimum=“” wage,=“” 22.6%=“” reported=“” wages=“” =livable wage. In unadjusted models, PCS and MCS were 37.5 and 48.5 for < minimum wage; 45.9 and 51.9 for =livable wage. In adjusted models, PCS and MCS were 39.3 and 48.7 for < minimum wage; 43.7 and 52.2 for =livable wage. Differences between groups were statistically significant for PCS and MCS in unadjusted models and only for PCS in fully adjusted models. Conclusions: These findings show that livable wage is associated with significantly improved physical and mental health, yet 86% of the population are not receiving a livable wage. As the field moves forward to address structural inequalities, emphasis on economic stability via livable wage is critical to optimize patient outcomes. Disclosure J.A.Campbell: None. L.E.Egede: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (K24DK093699, R01DK118038, R01DK120861, K01DK131319, R01MD013826)

Komodifikasi Pekerja dan Dampaknya pada Kualitas Pemberitaan di YouTube KompasTV

In the digital era, some media use YouTube to distribute their content to get new profit opportunities from social media. This study aims to determine the commodification of workers on YouTube KompasTV and determine its impact on the quality of the news. The research uses qualitative methods with a case study approach and data collection is carried out through observation and interviews. The results of this study found that the heavy work done by media workers and the low wages of media workers meant that the practice of commodification continued. Youtube KompasTV is one of the media's efforts to maintain its existence so that the creativity of creator content is proof of the commodification of workers which provides benefits for the media. Regarding the quality of news coverage, this study found that content creators generally only pursue what is the habit of public consumption, so the news that is broadcast is generally only carried out to meet normative quality standards. This study found that KompasTV content creators experience a process of exploitation, alienation, mystification, reification, and normalization.

Contested values: Economic expertise in the comparable worth controversy, USA, 1979–1989

The comparable worth principle – a call for a general readjustment of wages according to a measure of the worth of an occupation – gained policy momentum in the United States in the early 1980s. A Supreme Court decision, multiple bills, congressional hearings as well as an arsenal of initiatives from women and labour groups all over the United States shaped the debate both as a technical as well as a political issue. At the core of the quarrel lie diverse opinions on the criteria and practices of setting fair wages. This paper follows the deployment of economic arguments on both sides of the controversy between the start of a national movement in 1979, and when all US government agencies declared the principle unsound in 1985. The dominant view on the origin of biases affecting pay practices and the criteria for rational wage determination shifted radically over this period: from the market to job analysts for the responsibility of the biases, and from bureaucratic procedures to market for the locus of rationality. I document this shift using discussions about scientific evidence brought by economists in legal and political hearings. The paper describes three moments in the relationship between science and policy: first the scientization of policy, second, the politicization of knowledge claims, and finally, the weaponization of economic knowledge.

Multidimensional Poverty Assessment in Pakistan: Does Household Dependency Escalate Poverty?

The household dependency ratio on young or old family members is considered a major determinant in poverty when human capital cannot support the family income. Since the elderly suffer a significant risk of poverty and make up an increasing percentage of the population, the country’s economic inequality is quite sensitive to population ageing. Family size adversely affects household well-being when focusing on children under 15 and adults over 65. The dependency increases the burden on bread earners and reduces consumption expenditure. The current study uses family reliance and the multidimensional poverty concept to analyse how poverty is distributed throughout different provinces. The current study intends to provide poverty analysis across all four provinces of Pakistan using the Alkire and Foster method of multidimensional poverty indexes from Household Integrated Economic Survey data. The study found that increasing child dependence significantly reduces consumption and exacerbates poverty. The Seniors Dependency Indicator demonstrates that as the elderly population in Sindh, Punjab, and Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa (KPK) declines, poverty decreases. All provinces saw an increase in the prevalence of child poverty, with the highest KPK rates in Punjab (6%) and Sindh (4%), respectively. Since the functional sector does not have to shoulder the full load, the government should set up safety support mechanisms for these segments to lessen the burden on wage workers. According to the survey, access to clean water and literacy rates are the other leading indicators of poverty alleviation.

Research Based on High-Dimensional Fused Lasso Partially Linear Model

In this paper, a partially linear model based on the fused lasso method is proposed to solve the problem of high correlation between adjacent variables, and then the idea of the two-stage estimation method is used to study the solution of this model. Firstly, the non-parametric part of the partially linear model is estimated using the kernel function method and transforming the semiparametric model into a parametric model. Secondly, the fused lasso regularization term is introduced into the model to construct the least squares parameter estimation based on the fused lasso penalty. Then, due to the non-smooth terms of the model, the subproblems may not have closed-form solutions, so the linearized alternating direction multiplier method (LADMM) is used to solve the model, and the convergence of the algorithm and the asymptotic properties of the model are analyzed. Finally, the applicability of this model was demonstrated through two types of simulation data and practical problems in predicting worker wages.

Wage Inequality and Worker Turnover Intention

This paper examines the relationship between wage inequality and worker turnover intention. Wage inequality is measured in terms of pay disparity and discriminatory promotion, while worker turnover intention is measured in employee absenteeism and job search. This paper is designed as a theoretical review that provides a conceptual framework detailing the direction and the nature of the relationship between the variables. From the literature reviewed, it was revealed that wage inequality positively correlates with worker turnover intention. All the dimensions of wage inequality, pay disparity, and discriminatory promotion positively correlate with worker turnover intention measures of employee absenteeism and job search. The study, therefore, concludes that wage inequality predicts worker turnover intention. The study recommends that organizations should administer fair and equal pay and promotion, ensuring equal treatment of employees in wage and promotion administration in the workplace. Keywords: Wage, Inequality, Worker, Turnover, Intention

Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Harian Lepas di PT. Madina Agro Lestari Perspektif Undang-Undang dan Fiqih Siyasah

The problem in this research is the legal protection for casual daily workers at PT. Madina Agro Lestari in Attitude Village, Muara Batang Gadis District, Mandailing Natal Regency. Because there are still many casual daily workers who do not get some rights. Legal protection for casual daily workers is a work contract, work safety and welfare. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the legal protection for casual daily workers at PT. Madina Agro Lestari. The formulation of the research problem is how the legal protection for casual daily workers at PT. Madina Agro Lestari, what is the review of Fiqh siyasah regarding legal protection for casual daily workers at PT. Madina Agro Lestari, and what are the inhibiting and supporting factors for legal protection against casual daily workers at PT. Madina Agro Lestari. The method in this research is empirical normative with a sociological juridical approach, namely describing the conditions in the field as they are and the labor law which is the benchmark in this research. The data collection instrument used consisted of observation , interview , and documentation. The result of this research is legal protection for casual daily workers at PT. Madina Agro Lestari work agreements, worker wages, occupational safety and health, fiqh siyasa, view that humans are all the same and Islam is hostile to people who do not give the rights of others. The obstacles faced are that there are still many casual daily workers who have not received perfect legal protection due to the low education of casual daily workers, and from companies.

Kesenjangan Upah Dan Perbedaan Pembayaran Pajak Antar Gender

In Indonesia, wage differences often occur between men and women, people of different religions/beliefs, and people of different skin colors, this wage difference is called the wage gap. This wage gap can occur when two people in the company do the same job at the same level of skill/position but the amount of wages received is not the same, this type of arbitrage situation is considered discriminatory. Even so, the wage gap is still rife in Indonesia. The purpose of this article is to understand the causes of wage gaps, to know the Tax Law that Regulates Gender-Based Taxation, and to find out wages for workers in view of the legal perspective in Indonesia. The research method used by the author in this study is normative juridical, which is carried out by examining literature materials or secondary data, and analyzed with a qualitative approach. Gender differences exist in almost every country in the world, but with these gender differences there is a wide range of discrimination. One of the widespread discrimination is related to wages or income obtained from a job. Men and women do the same job but generate different incomes. In the context of wages, Indonesia is still unable to set wages that are in accordance with the principles of living wages based on human rights. It can be concluded that the wage gap and differences in tax payments between genders are complex issues and must be addressed through a holistic approach involving various factors. Through the joint efforts of all parties, we can create a more just and equitable society for all people, regardless of gender.

Enhancing Labour Policies: Ensuring Fair Treatment for Contract Labourers

The article provides an overview of the procedures involved in hiring contract laborers and explores various aspects related to labour laws, occupational safety, violations, and the status of contract workers in India and other countries. The article highlights the need for registration and certification under state government, provision of facilities for laborers, and adherence to occupational safety standards. It discusses the importance of maintaining a balance between labour market efficiency and job security measures. The article emphasizes the need for proper enforcement of labour-related laws and the implementation of social security schemes to protect the rights and well-being of contract workers. It also sheds light on the violations of labour laws and the challenges faced by contract workers in terms of job security and fair wages. The article compares labour laws and practices in different countries, including China, East and Southeast Asian countries, Europe, and the United States, providing insights into their approaches towards labour protection and productivity. Furthermore, the article addresses the issue of equal pay for equal work and the Supreme Court's stance on the contract labour system. It raises concerns about the promotion of the contract labour system by the government and the exploitation faced by contract workers in various industries, including multinational companies. The article concludes with recommendations to enhance labour policies, such as providing flexibility in employment, improving skill development programs, ensuring fair wages and benefits, and enforcing labour laws effectively. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive overview of procedures for hiring contract laborers and highlights the challenges, violations, and recommendations related to labour laws and the well-being of contract workers in India and other countries.

Role of Tertiary Institute in Community Extension Services: A Needs Analysis

Extension services are one of the core functions of State Colleges and Universities in the Philippines. Marikina Polytechnic College (MPC), as one of the SUCs in the National Capital Region, is also required to conduct extension services. Programs to be offered to the partner community must be identified first before its execution. A needs analysis was conducted by MPC to identify what program could be delivered to the partner community utilizing the survey method of research. The source of data in the study was selected by the Barangay Captain of the partner community through snowball sampling (n=20) in which the majority came from 18-35 years old bracket, female, college graduates, and wage workers. It was revealed in the study that the main problem identified as perceived by the respondents is lack of income, for a personal problem, and lack of livelihood programs, for community problems. It was also revealed that the samples in this study wanted to focus the extension program on dressmaking. Therefore, the extension program that must be conducted must be a sustainable livelihood program for dressmaking. Upon identifying the needs of the partner community, budget allocation, material preparation, location of training, and availability of trainers must be taken into consideration. Keywords: Extension Services; Marikina Polytechnic College; Needs Analysis; Survey Method

Labor Market Dynamics and Development

Abstract We provide new evidence on how labor market dynamics vary with development. We build a new data set consisting of harmonized microdata from rotating panel labor force surveys covering 80 million people from 49 countries. Labor market flows, such as the job-finding or employment exit rate, are higher in developing economies. These higher flows largely reflect a slippery job ladder: workers transition frequently to and from marginal employment without climbing to or persisting in better-paying jobs. Subsistence self-employment and different patterns of selection for wage workers each play a role in our findings and are useful avenues for future theories of labor market frictions.

The Concept of Determining the Scale of Deserving Wages Received by Workers in Accordance with Applicable Regulations

The main component of a job is wages. Wages are earned when workers complete their work. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the determination of the wage scale that workers deserve in accordance with applicable regulations. The method used in this study is the analytical descriptive method, the type of research that is then applied in this study is normative juridical. Based on the results of the study states that a good and healthy working relationship between superiors and subordinates is very important to achieve the desired goals in the world of work. To achieve a good working relationship, the company must fulfill predetermined clauses, namely work, orders, and wages. However, for workers, the most important clause is wages, because wages are the main component used to meet the daily needs of personal and family life. Therefore, it is important for employers to follow the establishment of a wage structure and scale in accordance with applicable regulations and provide fair wages in accordance with job title, length of service, and other achievements in the company. By providing fair wages, companies can improve worker motivation and performance, as well as strengthen the relationship between companies and workers. This research implies that wages can increase worker motivation and performance, increase job satisfaction, strengthen company reputation and avoid conflicts with workers. Thus, providing fair wages to workers as one of the keys to success in running a business and building healthy and harmonious working relationships.

FACTORS OF THE ECONOMY ROBOTIZATION IN THE NEW TECHNOLOGICAL AND GEOECONOMIC REALITIES

The article identifies the factors of the economy robotization and shows their effect in the new technological and geo-economic realities: the development of science, engineering and technology in the field of robotics and related fields; cheaper robots, accompanied by an increase in the wages of workers potentially replaced by robots; stimulation of industries – manufacturers of robots and their components; development of industries – consumers of robots; the emergence of new business models in the field of robotics. The limits of the manifestation of the pattern of increasing the level of robotization of the economy as the cost of production and the introduction of robots and the growth of labor costs are shown.

Resource rents, coercion, and local development: Evidence from post-apartheid South Africa

We examine how the dismantling of coercive institutions associated with the end of apartheid in South Africa in 1994 affected the distribution of natural resource rents, and thereby impacted local economic development. Individual-level data from 1993 to 2015 reveal that relative real wages of Black workers increased at a significantly faster pace in the mining industry than in other sectors. Community-level data from the 1996 and 2011 population census reveal that this pattern helped explain the evolution of relative incomes of the former self-governing territories set aside for Black inhabitants. Using data from the 1996 census, we document large income gaps between communities located just-inside and just-outside the former self-governing territories set aside for Black inhabitants. Examining relative changes between 1996 and 2011, we find that spatial income convergence was considerably stronger among marginalized communities with higher initial exposure to resource rents. These results accord with bargaining theory in which the dismantling of coercive institutions improves the negotiating position of unionized workers in the mining industry.

Impact of the internet use on informal workers' wages: Evidence from China.

Based on the data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2018, the relationship between internet use and informal workers' wages and its internal mechanism were empirically discussed using the ordinary least squares and endogenous switching regression(ESR) model. The study found that internet use could significantly raise the level of wages of informal workers, and this conclusion still holds after the endogenous problem was solved through the endogenous switching regression model. Further research found that the influences of the internet use on informal workers' wages was heterogeneous. In other words, internet use has a more obvious impact on the wages of informal workers aged 31 to 40, 41 to 50, and 51 to 60 with the educational level of university and above in cities and towns, while it has a significant negative impact on wages of informal workers aged 16 to 20.

Determinants of Migration Flows in Highly Skilled Migrants Interprovince in Indonesia

Migration and regional inequality are two interrelated concepts. Inequality between regions can lead to migration. High-skilled migration, or migration of high-quality human resources, has great potential to reduce interregional disparities by helping development in the destination area. However, in reality, the flow of high-skilled migration tends to lead to more advanced provinces, especially the capital and its surroundings. This condition causes disparities between regions to increase. This study analyzes the phenomenon of internal high-skilled migration between provinces in Indonesia at a macro level using a modified gravity model approach and is estimated using the zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model. The results of this study show that the number of high-skilled populations in the provinces of origin and destination, geographical distance, average wages for workers, and the percentage of agricultural workers in the destination province, as well as the stock of migrants, influence the flow of high skilled migration between provinces in Indonesia. Increasing workers’ wages, access to transportation and information/social networks, as well as industrialization outside Java, need to be carried out to attract high-skilled migrants or keep high-skilled workers to remain in their provinces to realize equity between regions.

AKM Effects for German Labour Market Data from 1985 to 2021

Abstract This article describes the processing and accessibility of the person and establishment fixed wage effects in German administrative data. These effects have been estimated following the approach of Abowd, J., Kramarz, F., and Margolis, D. (1999. High wage workers and high wage firms. Econometrica 67: 251–333) and Card, D., Heining, J., and Kline, P. (2013. Workplace heterogeneity and the rise of West German wage inequality. Q. J. Econ. 128: 967–1015). They can be linked to most of the available administrative datasets provided by the Research Data Center (FDZ) of the German Federal Employment Agency at the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). They are available for different time intervals from 1985 until 2021. These effects have been used in numerous articles that deal with the contributions of workers and establishments to earnings inequality.