Fagopyrum Cymosum Research Articles

Spectrophotometric Determination of Flavonoids Content in Leaves of Fagopyrum cymosum Complex

Spectrophotometric Determination of Flavonoids Content in Leaves of Fagopyrum cymosum Complex

The flavonoid content in leaves and inflorescences of the wild perennial Fagopyrum cymosum complex

The Fagopyrum cymosum complex is a group of wild perennial buckwheats which includes the diploid species F. megaspartanium Q. F. Chen and F. pilus Q. F. Chen as well as the allotetraploid species F. cymosum (Trev.) Meisn. The flavonoid content in leaves and inflorescences of the accessions of the F. cymosum complex native to Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, and Tibet has been studied by means of the spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that there are significant differences of flavonoid content among different species, different accessions and different plants. The average flavonoid content of leaves of F. megaspartanium is higher than that of F. pilus and of F. cymosum. The average flavonoid content of inflorescences of F. megaspartanium is higher than that of F. pilus. The results also showed that the flavonoid content in inflorescences was significantly higher than that in leaves, and that they have positive relationships to each other. There is a significant difference of rutin content between leaves and inflorescences, but there is no significant relationship to each other. There is also no significant relationship between leaf rutin contents and leaf flavonoid contents, but significant positive relationship between inflorescence rutin contents and inflorescence flavonoid contents.

Inhibition of Tumor Growth in Vitro by a Combination of Extracts from Rosa Roxburghii Tratt and Fagopyrum Cymosum

Traditional Chinese herbal medicines have a very long history. Rosa roxburghii Tratt and Fagopyrum cymosum are two examples of plants which are reputed to have benefits in improving immune responses, enhancing digestive ability and demonstrating anti-aging effects. Some evidence indicates that herbal medicine soups containing extracts from the two in combination have efficacy in treating malignant tumors. However, the underlying mechanisms are far from well understood. The present study was therefore undertaken to evaluate anticancer effects and explore molecular mechanisms in vitro. Proliferation and apoptosis were assessed with three carcinoma cell lines (human esophageal squamous carcinoma CaEs-17, human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 and pulmonary carcinoma A549) by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively, after exposure to extract from Rosa roxburghii Tratt (CL) and extract from Fagopyrum cymosum (FR). IC30 of CL and FR were obtained by MTT assay. Tumor cells were divided into four groups: control with no exposure to CL or FR; CL with IC30 CL; FR with IC30 FR; CL+FR group with 1/2 (IC30 CL+IC30 FR). RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of Ki-67, Bax and Bcl-2 at mRNA and protein levels. Compared with the CL or FR groups, the combination of CL+FR showed significant inhibition of cell growth and increase in apoptosis; the mRNA and protein expression levels of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 in CL+FR group were all greatly decreased, while the expression of Bax was markedly increased. These results indicate that the synergistic antitumor effects of combination of CL and FR are related to inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis.

In VivoandIn VitroAntinociceptive Effect ofFagopyrum cymosum(Trev.) Meisn Extracts: A Possible Action by Recovering Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction

Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn (Fag) is a herb rhizome which has been widely used to treat diseases. To investigate the effects and mechanisms of the Fag on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), in vivo neonatal pups maternal separation (NMS) combined with intracolonic infusion of acetic acid (AA) was employed to establish IBS rat models. Fag reduced their visceral hyperalgesia and the whole gut permeability, ameliorated colonic mucosa inflammation and injury, and upregulated the expression of decreased tight junction proteins (TJs) of claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1 (except ZO-2) in colonic epithelium. Caco-2 monolayer cells were incubated with TNF-α and IFN-γ in vitro to establish an epithelial barrier dysfunction model whose transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) depended more on dose of Fag than that of the controls, and whose TJs levels were lower than those of the controls. Fag upregulated the NP-40 insoluble and soluble components of the four TJs markedly in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that Fag alleviated the hyperalgesia of IBS rats by reducing intestinal inflammation and enhancing mucosal epithelial function after regulating the structure and function of TJs.

Effective method for isolation of total RNA from Fagopyrum cymosum callus

To establish a method for isolation of the total RNA from Fagopyrum cymosum callus. The improved method combining that of CTAB extraction with the LiCl precipitation was used to isolate the total RNA from the four F. cymosum callus. The quality of the RNA was detected by UV spectrophotometric analysis, 0.8% non-denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis and RNA reverse transcription. The bands of 28S and 18S could be seen clearly by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the value of A260/A280 was between 1.9 and 2.0. The cDNA which was reverse-transcribed by the total RNA showed a wide length rage of 500 bp-5 kb. The RNA extracted by this method meets the requirement of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), construction of cDNA libraries, et al. This improved method can be used to isolate the total RNA from F. cymosum callus with the advantage of simpleness, efficiency and low cost.

Research progress in Fagopyrum cymosum for treating cancers

Research progress in Fagopyrum cymosum for treating cancers

Inhibition of tumor growth in vitro by the extract of Fagopyrum cymosum

Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn has long been used in China to treat various ailments of the lung, including lung tumors. This study investigated whether Fagopyrum cymosum extract (Fago-c) has effects on other organs. Human cancer cells derived from 10 different organs were employed, and their growths as affected by Fago-c were investigated. It was found that the growth of cancer cells from lung, liver, colon, leukocytes and bone is inhibited by Fago-c. However, cancer cells derived from prostate, cervix, ovary and brain are not sensitive to Fago-c, and the extract stimulates the growth of cancer cells from breast (MCF-7). Synergistic inhibition effect of Fago-c and daunomycin was observed in human lung cancer cells (H460). Cellular proteins from H460 cells treated with Fago-c were analyzed by 2D-gel electrophoresis. A protein (M.W./pI=20 K/5.9) was induced. The Fago-c extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Four major and twenty minor components were identified. These studies indicate the effect of Fago-c in inhibiting the growth of cell lines derived from certain organs.

Intraspecific cpDNA variations of diploid and tetraploid perennial buckwheat, Fagopyrum cymosum (Polygonaceae)

We investigated the phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of natural populations of diploid and tetraploid Fagopyrum cymosum (Polygonaceae). Intraspecific variation of chloroplast DNA sequences was detected in three regions approximately 5 kb long in total: the 3' end of rbcL, accD and associated intergenic spacer region, the trnC (GCA)-rpoB spacer region, the trnK (UUU) intron, and the matK region. The accessions of F. cymosum were divided into two major groups, a Tibet-Himalayan clade and a Yunnan-Sichuan clade, with a high bootstrap probability. It was estimated that these two clades diverged about 0.7 million years ago. The geographical and climatic interruption by the Hengduanshan mountains might have caused the genetic divergence in F. cymosum. Autotetraploid populations of F. cymosum have arisen allopatrically from a diploid progenitor at least twice, once in the Tibet-Himalayan area and once in the Yunnan-Sichuan area. This conclusion reinforces a previous study based on allozyme variation. We also found that F. tataricum, a close relative of F. cymosum, was completely included within the Tibet-Himalayan clade in the phylogenetic tree. This suggests that F. tataricum speciated from F. cymosum in the Tibet-Himalayan area.

Inhibition of tumor growth in vitro by the extract of fagopyrum cymosum (fago-c)

Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn has long been used in China to treat various ailments of the lung, including lung tumors. This study investigated whether Fagopyrum cymosum extract (Fago-c) has effects on other organs. Human cancer cells derived from 10 different organs were employed, and their growths as affected by Fago-c were investigated. It was found that the growth of cancer cells from lung, liver, colon, leukocytes and bone is inhibited by Fago-c. However, cancer cells derived from prostate, cervix, ovary and brain are not sensitive to Fago-c, and the extract stimulates the growth of cancer cells from breast (MCF-7). Synergistic inhibition effect of Fago-c and daunomycin was observed in human lung cancer cells (H460). Cellular proteins from H460 cells treated with Fago-c were analyzed by 2D-gel electrophoresis. A protein (M.W./pI = 20K/5.9) was induced. The Fago-c extract was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Four major and twenty minor components were identified. These studies indicate that the effect of Fago-c in inhibiting the growth of cell lines derived from certain organs.

Buckwheat composition, chemistry, and processing

Publisher Summary Buckwheat is a traditional food widely utilized throughout the world. Buckwheat contains some nutritionally beneficial components at high levels and may have many characteristics as a functional food. This chapter describes various characteristics of buckwheat as an important and traditional food. Buckwheat belongs to the Polygonaceae family and is taxonomically distant from the Gramineae family to which cereals such as rice, wheat, and maize belong. However, buckwheat seed has chemical and utilization characteristics similar to cereal grains, and thus is usually classified as a cereal. It is often alternatively classified as a pseudocereal. Buckwheat is mainly classified into three types with respect to harvesting season: summer type, autumn type, and middle type. This classification may be due to susceptibility to the day length. Buckwheat breeding has been extensively discussed. Chloroplast DNA analysis in buckwheat species has shown that the DNA of Fagopyrum esculentum is phylogenetically distant from those of Fagopyrum tataricum and Fagopyrum cymosum. Evaluation of genetic variability among common buckwheat populations has shown that the dendrogram separates accessions into a European group and an Asian group.

Phylogenetic relationships among natural populations of perennial buckwheat, Fagopyrum cymosum Meisn., revealed by allozyme variation

Twenty natural populations of F. cymosum, an insect-pollinated allogamous wild species of Fagopyrum, were investigated for their chromosome number and allozyme variation at 10 Ioci encoding 8 enzymes. Diploid populations were obtained in Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet in China, whereas tetraploid populations were obtained in Tibet, the Himalayan hills, Thailand and southern China. Both diploid and tetraploid populations maintained a large amount of allozyme variation. The average heterozygosity, He, ranged from 0.045 to 0.389 (0.213 on average). Tetraploid populations showed higher He values than diploid populations. Natural populations of F. cymosum were locally well differentiated (GST = 0.322), probably due to reproductive isolation between the two ploidy levels and to distribution over wide areas from southern China to the Himalayan hills. The phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method based on allozyme variation clarified two distinct groups of diploid populations, the Sichuan and Yunnan groups. As for the tetraploid populations, polyploidization occurred twice independently, once in Yunnan and once in eastern Tibet. Tetraploid F. cymosum diffused to warmer areas such as southern Yunnan and Thailand as well as to cooler areas of Tibet and the high Himalayan hills and became the most widely distributed of the Fagopyrum species.

Recent progress of traditional chinese medicine and herbal medicine for the treatment and prevention of cancer

TCM represents the enormous accumulation of daily experiences in medical practice by the Chinese people from ancient time. The description of the therapeutic usage in classic books of Chinese materia medica are informative even today, for example, Angelica sinensis ameliorates menstruation disorder and Artemisia annua is effective against malaria. All these therapeutic effects have been confirmed by contemporary scientific research. Chemical, pharmacological and clinical studies published in recent years have demonstrated that Chinese materia medica and TCM afford a valuable approach for the research and development of new antineoplastic drugs as illustrated by the example of indirubin from Danggui Longhui Wan and irisquinone from Iris latea. It seems that there is a good opportunity to explore chemopreventive agents for cancer as illustrated by red ginseng, Curcuma longa and Recipe “Antitumor B”. The research and development of anti-invasion and anti-metastasis agents for cancer is of critical importance and urgent needs. In addition to Fagopyrum cymosum the continuous search for drugs for the prevention and treatment of cancer metastasis will be the important frontier of cancer research. The application of Chemotaxonomic principle of related species of plants in reference of the experiences of TCM and folk medicine has furnished an alternative approach for the development of new anticancer drugs. The studies of Cephalotaxus hainanensis and Taxus chinensis provide two typical examples in this field.

3',4'-Methylenedioxy-7-hydroxy-6-isopentenyl Flavone, a New Flavone from Fagopyrum cymosum

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3',4'-Methylenedioxy-7-hydroxy-6-isopentenyl Flavone, a New Flavone from Fagopyrum cymosumG. C. Samaiya and V. K. SaxenaCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1989, 52, 6, 1305–1306Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/np50066a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (130 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts