Fecal Examination Research Articles

Case Report: Coccidiosis in Layer Farm, Sumedang

Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease that causes economic losses on chicken farms. A case was found on a farm in Rancaekek, Bandung Regency, where there was a one-year-old laying hen that stopped producing eggs, experienced decreased pectoral muscle mass, and had mild ataxia. The diagnosis was made by necropsy procedure and fecal examination. There were lesions in the small intestine, these lesions manifested as ballooning filled with orange mucus and the presence of petechial hemorrhages on the luminal wall and decreased pectoral muscle mass was found. A Fecal examination was performed using the floating method and the McMaster calculation. The results of the fecal examination revealed Eimeria sp. oocysts and Trichostongylus tenuis eggs. The diagnosis of this case is coccidiosis infection caused by two species of Eimeria sp., namely Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella. This infection has resulted in a nutritional deficiency, manifested by a decrease in pectoral muscle mass.

TRICHURIOSIS INFECTION AND COCCIDIOSIS IN LANDRACE PIGS

A one-month-old female Landrace pig died after being suspected of being infected with nematode worms and protozoa parasites. The purpose of this study was to establish a diagnosis of death from case pigs. The pigs were taken from a close house farm owned by Mr. Wayan Suastika in Payangan village, Gianyar, with a total population of 20 and had never been dewormed. Case pigs showed symptoms such as anorexia, experiencing blackish diarrhea mixed with a little blood, no appetite, and pale mucosa. The case pig died one day after being taken from the farm, and was necropsied on November 18, 2022 at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University. Organs that underwent changes such as the brain, trachea, lungs, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys and intestines were taken to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory for histopathological examination. Examination of feces using the flotation method and the Mcmaster method, as well as making permanent preparations to identify worms were carried out at the Veterinary Parasitology Laboratory. The results of post-mortem examination found typical anatomic pathology in the form of haemorrhagic colon, necrosis and catarrhal or mucohemorrhagic enteritis with mucus, fresh blood and/or necrotic debris in the lumen, along with infection with nematode worms in the colon with a total of 235 individuals. From the results of stool examination, Trichuris suis worm eggs and Eimeria spp. oocysts were found. Based on the results of pathological and parasitological examinations, it can be concluded that cases of death in pigs are caused by Trichuriosis and Coccidiosis. As a suggestion, pigs should be kept in cages with floors made of concrete or cement. If an earthen yard is used, excreta disposal should be regular and the manure disposal site should be made of closed concrete wells so as not to attract beetles.

Machine learning prediction of multiple anthelmintic resistance and gastrointestinal nematode control in sheep flocks.

The high prevalence of Haemonchus contortus and its anthelmintic resistance have affected sheep production worldwide. Machine learning approaches are able to investigate the complex relationships among the factors involved in resistance. Classification trees were built to predict multidrug resistance from 36 management practices in 27 sheep flocks. Resistance to five anthelmintics was assessed using a fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT), and 20 flocks with FECRT < 80% for four or five anthelmintics were considered resistant. The data were randomly split into training (75%) and test (25%) sets, resampled 1,000 times, and the classification trees were generated for the training data. Of the 1,000 trees, 24 (2.4%) showed 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in predicting a flock as resistant or susceptible for the test data. Forage species was a split common to all 24 trees, and the most frequent trees (12/24) were split by forage species, grazing pasture area, and fecal examination. The farming system, Suffolk sheep breed, and anthelmintic choice criteria were practices highlighted in the other trees. These management practices can be used to predict the anthelmintic resistance status and guide measures for gastrointestinal nematode control in sheep flocks.

Unveiling the hidden threat: investigating gastrointestinal parasites and their costly impact on slaughtered livestock.

This study investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in ruminants slaughtered at the abattoir in district Narowal, Punjab, Pakistan. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was determined to be 72.92% based on faecal examination. Among the ruminant species, goats exhibited a significantly higher (P < 0.05) prevalence of parasitic infection (78.63%) compared to cattle, buffalo, and sheep. Additionally, female ruminants showed a significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence of infection (85.62%) compared to males (65.13%). The intestines (both small and large) of small and large ruminants were found to be significantly more affected, with a prevalence of 39.58% of parasitic infection compared to other examined organs. A total of ten parasitic genera were identified in ruminants, including hydatid cysts. Ruminants with a high burden of parasites (45.74%) significantly outnumbered those with light (23.40%) and moderate (30.85%) burdens. Economically, the estimated annual losses in Pakistan due to organ condemnation with GI parasites were substantial, amounting to Pak. Rs. 405.09/- million (USD = 1,428,760). These findings underscore the significance of GI parasite infections as a major animal health concern and a cause of significant economic losses in the research area.

Active surveillance and associated epidemiological risk factors of caprine paratuberculosis in selected district of Odisha, India.

Caprine paratuberculosis (PTB) is a progressive, debilitating and production-limiting disease that causes significant economic losses and raises public health concerns. The goal was to study active surveillance and associated epidemiological risk factors of caprine PTB in selected district of Odisha, India. The 818 goats of various ages, sexes and breeds were randomly screened in ten different districts for a year based on history, clinical signs and fecal smear examination using the Ziehl-Neelsen stain, yielding an overall prevalence of 38.75%, with clinical and sub-clinical PTB at 8.06 and 30.68%, respectively. A molecular tool, IS900 polymerase chain reaction, was also used to confirm the disease. With Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) bacilli and endoparasite infections, the majority of affected goats (69.08%) were low shedders. Puri coastal district had the highest prevalence (52.29%) followed by Sambalpur (48.61%), while Khordha had the lowest prevalence (26.41%). Caprine PTB was more common in goats over 2 years old (51.23%), in the Ganjam breed (42.30%), in females (39.17%) and in goats housed on earthen floors (55.83%) according to chi-square analysis. The current study concluded that higher (30.68%) observations of subclinical PTB were cause of real concern due to its insidious spread as well as its zoonotic significance with potential human consequences, which requires immediate attention at all levels. Because of the public health importance of this hidden killer disease, the current findings would be useful in developing a roadmap for implementing prevention and control policies, prompting provision for adequate funding with elaborative research.

Condição corporal, morfologia externa, parasitologia e estudo histológico e biométrico do trato gastrointestinal de Sporophila nigricollis e Sporophila caerulescens apreendidos no Nordeste Brasileiro

ABSTRACT: The objective was to analyze Sporophila nigricollis and Sporophila caerulescens in terms of body conditions, parasitological, bacteriological, external biometric measurements, and histological analysis of the gastrointestinal tract. We used 115 individuals apprehended from 2020 to 2021 and sent to the Wild Animal Triage Center, Paraíba, Brazil. Concerning weight, S. nigricollis, females and males presented 9.36±1.36g and 9.70±1.39g, and S. caerulescens with 10.5±0.70g and 11.75±1.28g, being the second heaviest. The body condition in 69.62% of S. nigricollis and 62.50% of S. caerulescens was good. In the fecal microbiological examination, 40.25% of S. nigricollis and 40% of S. caerulescens were positive for Isospora sp. Dispharynx sp. was reported for the first time in S. nigricollis and S. caerulescens. In fecal bacteriology, 95.65% of S. nigricollis were identified with Gram-positive cocci and 73.91% with Gram-positive bacilli. Forty-one animals died and were placed under refrigeration for 48 hours; of these, 31.16% of S. nigricollis and 37.50% of S. caerulescens presented inadequate body conditions. 19.51% had gastrointestinal tract engorgement with hemorrhagic points, and 14.63% had hepatic alteration due to yellowish coloration. The study contributes with subsidies for the taxonomic elucidation of the genus Sporophila, in addition to the knowledge of the conditions in which birds are found in sorting centers, once the destination of most of the seized animals is the release, thus, a potential source of pathogens to the natural environment.

Clinical Value of IgG Antibody Test in Screening for Clonorchis sinensis Infection in High-Risk Population.

In areas where C. sinensis is endemic, early screening and diagnosis of C. sinensis infection is crucial to prevent complications and interrupt the chain of transmission. Testing for C. sinensis IgG antibodies is frequently employed as a screening method for detecting the disease. However, its effectiveness in populations with a high risk remains to be determined. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of IgG antibody testing for screening C. sinensis infection in high-risk populations. Between October 2020 and September 2023, 1,080 participants from Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital patients were recruited. All participants underwent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect IgG antibodies and fecal examination for C. sinensis eggs using the Kato-Katz technique. The study examined the diagnostic concordance between two methods by using inter-rater agreement evaluation (Kappa). The diagnostic effectiveness of IgG antibodies was assessed comprehensively and across different gender and age categories, with the outcomes of the parasite egg test serving as the benchmark for diagnosis. Out of the 1,080 participants, 48.0% (518/1,080) tested positive for C. sinensis eggs, and 46.9% (506/1,080) tested positive for IgG antibodies. The Kappa value of the two methods' diagnostic concordance was 0.599. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of IgG antibody detection were 78.0%, 81.9%, 79.8%, 80.1%, and 80.0%, respectively, using C. sinensis eggs as the diagnostic criterion. Gender and age subgroup analyses revealed that diagnostic specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were higher in females than males (p = 0.003, 0.001, and 0.049, respectively). Sensitivity tended to decrease, while specificity tended to increase with age (p = 0.007 and 0.010, respectively). The technique for detecting Clonorchiasis IgG antibodies has a certain degree of accuracy in diagnosing C. sinensis, but its sensitivity is low, particularly in mild infections and in the elderly population. Diagnosis requires a combination of other assays or further optimization of the technique's performance.

Laporan kasus: Infeksi toxocara canis pada anjing domestik (Canis familiaris)

Dogs are one of the human pets that are often affected by parasitic infections, both endoparasites (helminths and protozoa) and ectoparasites (fleas, ticks, fleas, and mites). Endoparasites that are often reported are helminth cases, namely Ancylostomiasis, Toxocariasis, Dipylidiasis, Trichuriasis and Nekatoriasis. Toxocara canis is one of the most widespread public health and economically important zoonotic parasitic infections humans share with dogs. Meanwhile, the ectoparasites, especially fleas, that are often encountered are Ctenocephalides canis. The method used to detect the presence of worms is native, centrifugation, and floating feces examination and Mc Master Chamber calculation to determine the severity of the worm infection. In this case, blood tests were also carried out. Flea examination is carried out by identifying ectoparasite wet preparations. The results of a floating stool examination revealed Toxocara canis worm eggs. The ectoparasite obtained after laboratory examination was the flea Ctenocephalides canis. The treatment used to treat helminth disease is by administering worm medicine, while for flea disease it can be done by anti-flea injection. Prevention can be done by administering worm medicine regularly and keeping the dog's cage and environment clean.

Pemeriksaan Telur Cacing Trichuris Trichiura Pada Spesimen Feses Siswa TK Mutiara Di Waiheru Kota Ambon

Trichuris trichiura egg infection or commonly called whipworm in children is a mild and severe helminthiasis infection. Mild infection does not give obvious clinical symptoms so fecal examination must be done. Therefore, it is important to perform diagnostic techniques which is one of the important aspects to determine the presence of helminth infection, which can be established by identifying and recognizing the stage of the parasite found. The purpose of this study was to determine the results of Trichuris trichiura eggs examination in feces specimens of Mutiara Kindergarten students in Waiheru, Ambon City. The method used in the descriptive research design where the analysis technique uses laboratory tests, with a total sample of 35 Mutiara Kindergarten Students in Waiheru Ambon City, using Consecutive sampling technique. The results showed that out of 35 samples of Mutiara kindergarten children, there was 1 person who had Trichura trichiura worms. The conclusion is that the research conducted on the examination of worm eggs using the Kato katz method in the feces of Mutiara Kindergarten Students in Waiheru Ambon City resulted in 1 positive student with Trichuris trichiura worms.

Modifikasi Pewarna Alami Ekstrak Etanol Sappan Lignum pada Pewarnaan Soil Transmitted Helminth Pengganti Eosin 2%

Worms are a disease that attacks humans in tropical areas. The cause of worm infections in the community is from the Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) worm group, but the government pays little attention to this. In the process of identifying worm eggs, 2% eosin has been used, which apparently produces waste that is difficult to decompose. Sappan lignum is a natural dye because it contains brizilin which can give a red color, so it can be used as a worm egg dye replacing 2% eosin. This study aims to test whether sappan lignum extract can be used as a dye in fecal examination to detect SHT infections. This research is descriptive research. Examination of worm eggs using the direct feces method was carried out using sappan lignum extract dye with 96% ethanol and 2% eosin as a positive control. This research shows that sappan lignum ethanol extract at a coloring ratio of 1:3 is the best dye compared to other ratios and can be used as a substitute for eosin dye. The conclusion of this research is that sappan lignum ethanol extract can be used as a natural dye in identifying worm eggs.

Investigating the Situation Of Infection With Respiratory System Parasitic Worms in Ethiopian Sheep

Introduction: This study was conducted from October 2019 to April 2020 to determine the prevalence of lungworm infection and to assess some of the determinant risk factors associated with sheep lungworm infections in Ambo, Central Ethiopia. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from randomly selected 349 sheep, kept under extensive management systems, to examine first-stage larvae (L1) using the Baermann technique. Additionally, samples were collected from 44 sheep slaughtered in different restaurants and hotels to explore the presence of adult lungworm parasites. Results: The overall prevalence recorded from fecal and postmortem examinations was 23.2% and 31.8%, respectively. A higher prevalence was observed in females (26.2%) than in males (17.7%). Age-wise, a higher prevalence (29.1%) was observed in animals greater than six months to 2 years old, while the lowest (13.5%) was observed in animals less than or equal to 6 months. The prevalence of lungworm infection during postmortem examination of slaughtered sheep was higher (31.8%) than the result obtained at coprology (23.2%). Conclusion: This study showed that lungworm infection was a common problem among sheep in the study area. Due to its impact on production, emphasis should be given to controlling and preventing lungworm infection in the study area, such as through repeated deworming and grazing management.

An Update on Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection in Captive Wild Animals in Bangladesh.

Gastrointestinal parasites cause health problems and even death in captive animals. These animals are more susceptible to parasitic infestations because of confinement and stress. The aim of the study is to describe parasitic causal agents in captive wild animals at the Bangladesh National Zoo, Chittagong Zoo, and Tilagarh Eco Park, in Sylhet. A total of 54 fecal samples were collected from the Bangladesh Zoo, Chittagong Zoo, and Tilagarh Eco Park from April 2022 to November 2022. Samples were collected from animals of the groups Aves (16), Reptiles (4), Artiodactyla (23), Perissodactyla (8), and Proboscidea (3). All samples were examined using a modified formalin ether sedimentation technique. Fecal examination consoled an overall occurrence of 61.1%. Out of 54 samples, 33 were positive for parasitic infection. The parasites observed were as follows: Ascarididae eggs (57.58%), Capillaria spp. (18.18%), Strongyloides spp. (9.09%), Trichuris spp. (6.06%), and mixed infection (9.09%). The order Reptiles had a 100% infection rate, while Aves had the lowest infection rate (50%). Only nematodes were detected in this study. Without showing evident, clinical signs and symptoms of disease, the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites is high. This indicates a subclinical infection. This study shows that more epidemiological research and sanitation management programs, including regular antihelminthic therapy for controlling parasitic infection, should be adopted in zoos and ecoparks.

Biotherapeutic blend: an alternative for the treatment of endoparasites

Parasitic diseases affecting companion animals include various etiological agents, ranging from protozoa to helminths and arthropods. This variety makes it difficult to develop treatments, which is directly associated with the zoonotic potential of some parasitosis, also posing a risk to the human population. To develop alternatives, diluted, dynamized and natural medicines are being developed, above all to overcome resistance to the usual drugs and represent a sustainable therapy. The aim of this study was to report on the efficacy of a biotherapeutic blend for treating endoparasitosis in different animal species. To this end, after confirming endoparasitosis by fecal examination, the animals were treated with 10 drops of the biotherapeutic blend for 30 consecutive days. To confirm the effect of the treatment, fecal examinations were carried out after 7, 15 and 30 days. A total of 27 animals from 6 different species were included in the study: Canis lupus familiaris, Oryctolagus cuniculus, Felis silvestris catus, Nymphicus hollandicus, Sapajus sp., Mesocricetus auratus. Among the species, the animals were diagnosed with 8 endoparasites in total: Toxocara sp., Isospora sp., Eimeria sp., Ancylostoma sp., Ascaridia sp., Cestoda, Coccidio, Trichuris sp. Treatment with the biotherapeutic blend was able to negate the presence of endoparasites in the feces of different animals, and depending on the type of parasite, the indicated treatment can vary between 30 and 60 days. Thus, the use of this type of biotreatment is an alternative for controlling different endoparasitoses, which makes it a sustainable option with low ecotoxicity.

Successful Clinical Management and Molecular Investigation of Trypanosomosis in a Wild Captured Leopard

Background: Trypanosoma evansi is a widely prevalent trypanosomes of the Indian subcontinent and is widely documented in species like cattle, buffalo, horses, camel etc. In the wild, an array of animals like deers, jaguar, tigers, leopards, lions, foxes etc can be infected by the trypanosome. Trypanotolerance is an innate mechanism by which the wild animals harbour moderate infection without the development of clinical signs. Methods: The current report highlights the clinical management and molecular investigation of Trypanosomosis in a wild captured leopard. An adult male leopard, was found to exhibit partial inappetence with no other deviation from normal. Blood, serum and faecal investigations were carried out. A Polymerase Chain Reaction was carried out to gain molecular insights. The amplicon was purified and sequenced. The sequenced was submitted to NCBI after BLASTn analysis. Result: The blood smear revealed trypanosomosis while faecal examination revealed heavy infestation with Spirometra which was treated rationally. The animal showed an uneventful recovery after the treatment. The causative agent was identified to Trypanosoma evansi and was found to be identical to similar sequences reported from India and abroad by the phylogenetic analysis.

Investigating Parasites of Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) by Fecal Examination in Samsun

Mandalar çevre şartlarına uyumlu, hastalıklara dayanıklı hayvanlar olarak bilinseler de birçok parazite konaklık yaparlar. Bu araştırmada Samsun ve ilçelerinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan mandalarda bulunan parazitlerin, dışkı bakısı yöntemi ile araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında 556’sı malak, 432’si ergin mandalara ait olmak üzere toplam 988 dışkı örneği parazitolojik yönden incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonunda 394 (%70,9) malak, 190 (%43,9) manda dışkısında 2 trematod (Fasciola sp. ve parafistomatid tip), 1 sestod (Moniezia sp.) ve 4 nematod (Rhabtidid tip, trikostrongil tip, Capillaria sp., Trichuris sp.) olmak üzere 7 farklı helmint yumurtası, ayrıca Eimeria sp. ookistlerine rastlanmıştır. Dışkılarda en sık rastlanan helmint yumurtaları trikostrongil tip, Fasciola sp. ve Moniezia sp. olurken, Eimeria sp. ookisti incelenen 125 işletmenin %80’inde kaydedilmiştir. Akciğer kılkurdu larvalarına ise rastlanmamıştır. Araştırma sonunda, incelenen manda çiftliklerinin %90’nından fazlasında en az bir tür parazite rastlanmıştır. Türkiye’de mandacılık sektöründe entansif yetiştiriciliğe tam olarak geçilmediğinden parazit hastalıkları göz ardı edilse de, ileride bu hastalıklarla düzenli mücadele edilmesi gerekeceği unutulmamalıdır.

Prevalence of Poultry Coccidiosis and its Associated Risk Factors in and around Haramaya District, Ethiopia

Aim To determine the prevalence of poultry coccidiosis and identify the risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on poultry coccidiosis of local and Rhode Island Red, White Leghorns, Koekoek, and bovine brown exotic breeds from November 2017 to April 2018 in and around Haramaya district, Ethiopia. Fecal examination using flotation and McMaster counting techniques were used for qualitative and quantitative studies, respectively. The study also involved a questionnaire survey for the assessment of possible risk factors. Results From 450 chickens examined by floatation method to detect Eimeria oocysts the result revealed 122 (27.1%) of the chickens were found positive for coccidiosis. The prevalence of coccidiosis among different age groups shows (68/214=31.8%), (54/236=22.9%) of young and adults were positive respectively. The prevalence is found statistically significant with p&lt;0.05 (p=0.034, χ2=4.493) between different age groups. Regarding the breed prevalence (61/333=18.3%), (61/117=52.1%) Chefe and Gebsima (barley plumage color); Horro, Jarso, and Keyi (red plumage color); Naked Neck and Netch (white plumage color); Tepi and Tikur (black plumage color). Local and exotic breeds were positive respectively and the difference is statistically significant p&lt;0.05 (p=0.00, χ2=50.109) between breeds. The study indicated also (46/168=27.4%) male and (76/282=27%) female chickens were positive but the difference between sex groups is no statistically significant difference p&gt;0.05. The prevalence of coccidiosis in chickens kept in different management systems showed that (62/305=20.3%), (60/145=41.4%) were positive from extensive and intensive systems respectively. The difference is a statistically significant p&lt;0.05 (p=0.00, χ2=22.040) among managements. From all the infected chickens most of them (96.7%) were lightly infected (&lt;10,000 oocysts). Conclusion Coccidiosis is a major problem in the farm with inadequate hygienic measures and factors such as age, breed, body conditions, and biosecurity which are the most common factors that contribute for the occurrence of coccidiosis. Therefore, appropriate control strategies should be designed considering important risk factors and focus should be given to biosecurity practices in the prevention and control of coccidiosis, and in addition, further studies are needed to be conducted to identify the prevalent Eimeria species for strategic control.

Evaluation of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) in Urine Samples for the Diagnosis of Imported Schistosomiasis.

Migratory flows and international travel are triggering an increase in imported cases of schistosomiasis in non-endemic countries. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the LAMP technique on patients' urine samples for the diagnosis of imported schistosomiasis in a non-endemic area in comparison to a commercial immunochromatographic test and microscopic examination of feces and urine. A prospective observational study was conducted in sub-Saharan migrants attending the Tropical Medicine Unit, Almería, Spain. For schistosomiasis diagnosis, serum samples were tested using an immunochromatographic test (Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM). Stool and urine samples were examined by microcopy. Urine samples were evaluated by combining three LAMP assays for the specific detection of Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and for the genus Schistosoma. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, a latent class analysis (LCA) was performed. In total, 115 patients were included (92.2% male; median age: 28.3 years). Of these, 21 patients (18.3%) were diagnosed with schistosomiasis confirmed by microscopy, with S. haematobium being the most frequent species identified (18/115; 15.7%). The Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM test result was 100% positive and Schistosoma-LAMP was 61.9% positive, reaching as high as 72.2% for S. haematobium. The sensitivity and specificity estimated by LCA, respectively, were: 92% and 76% for Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM, 68% and 44% for Schistosoma-LAMP, and 46% and 97% for microscopy. In conclusion, the Schistosoma-LAMP technique presented a higher sensitivity than microscopy for the diagnosis of imported urinary schistosomiasis, which could improve the diagnosis of active infection, both in referral centers and in centers with limited experience or scarce resources and infrastructure.

Laporan Kasus: Infeksi Isospora sp. Dan Toxocara cati Pada Kucing Lokal

Cats are a pet that is popular with many people. Cat health is an aspect that needs to be considered. Several diseases that are often found in cats are caused by worm parasites such as toxocariasis and protozoa such as coccidiosis. Diseases caused by these parasites show almost the same symptoms, namely diarrhea, decreased appetite, weakness, anorexia, and others which can be confirmed by fecal examination. Based on the results of laboratory examinations, the results showed that there were isospora sp oocysts. and Toxocara cati worm eggs. The treatment given was an antihelminthic, namely Pirantel Pamoate and antibiotics, namely Metronidazole. Prevention for Isospora sp infection. and T. cati need to pay attention to sanitation and cleanliness or cage management including a good environment as well as regular inspection and administration of worm medicine and regular health checks.

The anthelmintic efficacy of the drug Expresstabs in helminthiasis of dogs

The purpose of the research is to study the effectiveness of the drug ExpressTabs tested on dogs infected with helminths. The drug contains spinosad, praziquantel and moxidectin as active ingredients. Animals of mixed breeds of both sexes aged from 7 months to 2 years were selected for the experiments. Experimental and control groups of dogs with toxocariasis, toxascariasis and dipylidiasis were formed. ExpressTabs was administered to dogs individually, once, orally in a mixture with food or immediately after feeding (on the root of the tongue or with a treat) in a minimum dose of 30 mg of spinosad, 0.2 mg of moxidectin and 5 mg of praziquantel per 1 kg of animal weight. Animals in the control groups were not given tablets. A control examination in the case of dipylidiasis was carried out on the second day then if the animal continued to remain in the hospital once a week. For toxocariasis and toxascariasis fecal examination was carried out on day 7 then on days 14, 21 and 28. The drug ExpressTabs showed high (100%) effectiveness in the treatment of dogs with toxocariasis, toxaccariasis and dipylidiasis. In one animal re-infection with toxocariasis was observed because helminth eggs were again detected on day 28 in the control study. Taking into account the development cycle of parasites it is obvious that re-infection occurred no later than a week after the experimental deworming with ExpressTabs. At recommended doses the drug did not cause unwanted side effects.

Распространенность гельминтозов среди сельского населения Хабаровского края

The large medical and socio-economic burden of helminth infections provides the basis for studying the frequency and type of helminth infections among the population of residents of the Russian Far East and is relevant. The purpose of this study was to study the prevalence and type of parasitosis among different age groups of the rural population of the Lazo District. The study was carried out in the design of a retrospective cohort non-randomized continuous study. On the basis of the District Hospital of the Lazo District, 26,483 medical records were processed and analyzed among the adult and child population for the period 2013–2023, with the study of data on the incidence of parasitosis in the rural population based on the results of a microscopic examination of feces for helminth eggs and protozoan cysts ( by Kato method). Statistical analysis was carried out in the STATISTICA 16.0 program, as well as the use of statistical functions of the EXCEL program, using nonparametric data processing methods. After a parasitological survey carried out in 2013–2023, it was revealed that the largest proportion among the infested were children, predominantly in the age group of 4–7 years. There were no significant differences by gender. Based on the set of indicators that determine the structure and dynamics of epidemiological processes in the Lazo District, clonorchiasis (0.07 %, 19 people), ascariasis (0.90 %, 238 people), enterobiasis (1.90 %, 503 people) were diagnostically significant. people), as well as giardiasis (2.00 %, 530 people). There is a need for improved diagnostic tools and effective control options to scale up public health interventions and improve clinical detection and treatment of helminth infections in the Russian Far East.