Faculty Of Physical Therapy Research Articles

The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Mental Fatigue Scale In Healthy Individuals

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS) in healthy Turkish population.
 Methods: This study was held in Hacettepe University, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation between April and August 2019. A total of one hundred thirty-two healthy participants aged between 18-50 years were recruited. Reliability was investigated using test-retest reliability. The internal consistency of MFS was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The validity of the MFS was assessed by comparing the MFS score with the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Checklist Individual Strength Questionnaire (CIS-T) scores. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate validity.
 Results: The test–retest reliability of the MFS were excellent in healthy Turkish population (ICC: 0.91, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.88–0.94). The scale had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.86). For the validity, the correlations between the MFS and the total/subscales of CIS-T scores and SF-36 scores were good (p

Effect of Pilates Exercises on Abdominal Muscle Strength in Post Menopausal Women

Abstract Background: Menopause is the time that marks end of woman's menstrual cycle, occurring on average around 51 years of age. It associated with decline in estrogen level which lead to increase central obesity as well as decrease muscle strength and endurance. Pilate exercises belong to a group of so-called body mind exercises which improve mental and physical status, increasing muscle strength and flexibility. Aim of Study: This study aimed to see the impact of Pilates exercise on abdominal muscle strength in post-menopausal women. Subjects and Methods: Thirty post-menopausal women complaining from belly abdomen were selected randomly from out-patient clinic of faculty of physical therapy to participate in this, their age ranged from 50-60 years, their BMI not exceed 35Kg/m2, all of them had number of parities ranged from 2-4 times, their menstrual cycle had stopped at least one year ago. Subjects were subdivided randomly into two groups each with fifteen participants, group A practiced selected exercise program that include (static abdominal, pelvic rocking and postural correction exercises) for 20min/session twice per week for 12 weeks and group B performed the same program as for group A plus Pilates exercises for another 60min. Outcome to be studied in this research was abdominal muscle strength (peak torque, total work and average power) using Isokinetic dynamometer. Results: There was a significant increase in peak torque, total work and average power in abdominal muscles in group B who perform Pilates exercise rather than group A (p>0.001) Conclusion: Pilates exercise is an effective modality to increase abdominal muscle strength in post-menopausal women

Ventilatory Function Response to Upper Versus Lower Limbs Aerobic Training in Elderly Men

Abstract Background: Ventilatory function and aerobic capacity each decline by ~40%, with aging leading to ventilatory limitation, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, which affected by performance of upper and lower limbs, so it is important in the elderly to use aerobic training to improve ventilatory function, by training upper limbs as well as lower limbs which not investigated previously. Aim of Study: To compare between the impact of upper versus lower limbs training on ventilatory function in elderly men. Material and Methods: Eligible 40 elderly men their age ranged from (60-65) years old, body mass index (BMI) ranged from 25 to 34.9kg/m2 participants were recruited from the Outpatient Clinic of Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt. Patients were divided into two groups equal in number; the group (A) performed upper limbs training by arm ergometer, while the group (B) performed lower limbs training by cycle ergometer for three times per a week for 12 weeks. Ventilatory function included (Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio) were evaluated pre and post intervention for 12 weeks (36 sessions). Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, both groups demonstrated significant increase of FEV 1 and FVC (p 0.05) in both groups. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that moderate intensity aerobic exercise using both arm ergometer and cycle ergometer has equally effect on improvement of the ventilatory function of elderly men.so we recommended aerobic training of upper limbs as an integral intervention in pulmonary rehabilitation program of elderly subjects.

Effect of oral sensorimotor stimulation on oropharyngeal dysphagia in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial.

Children with cerebral palsy show various degrees of dysphagia causing late development of oral motor skills AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate effect of oral sensorimotor stimulation on oropharyngeal dysphagia in children with spastic quadriplegia. This was a double-masked, randomized controlled clinical trial. Outpatient Clinics of Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University and Modern University of Technology and Information. A convenient sample of 71 children age ranged from 12 to 48 months diagnosed with spastic quadriplegia, were randomly assigned into two groups. Children in the control group received 90 minutes conventional physical therapy training five times/week for four successive months while those in the experimental group received 20 minutes of oral sensorimotor stimulation before the same program as in control group. Oral motor function, body weight, segmental trunk control and gross motor function were assessed at base-line and after completing treatment. Overall, 64 (32 in the experimental group, 32 in the control group) children completed treatment and data collection. The baseline assessment showed non-significant difference regarding all measured variables while with-in group comparison showed significant improvement in the two groups. The post-treatment comparisons revealed significant difference the oral motor function and physical growth in favor of the experimental group (P<0.05). Finally, there was non-significant difference regarding segmental trunk control and gross motor function (P>0.05). Oral sensorimotor stimulation has the capability to improve feeding in children with spastic cerebral palsy diagnosed with oropharyngeal dysphagia. OSMS has effect on some of the essential oral motor skills that contribute toward the improvement of feeding performance in children with spastic CP. The results of our study offer remarkable clinical importance for the children and their families.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effect on DementedPatients

AbstractBackground: Elderly individuals with dementia are sus-ceptible to a decline in physical functioning and activities ofdaily living that leads to a decline in their mobility andparticipation in life.Aim of Study: To investigate the effectiveness of transcra-nial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on improving mobilityin patients with dementia.Material and Methods: A double-blinded, randomized,sham-controlled trial was conducted and approved by theInstitutional Review Board of the Faculty of Physical Therapy,Cairo University, Egypt. The study setting was the outpatientclinic of dementia, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Faculty of Medicine,Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. Participants were 29 dementedpatients randomly divided into two groups; intervention (n=16;mean age 62.98±10.11 years) and sham (n=13, mean age60.23±7.57 years) groups.Intervention was one 20 minutes session of active or shamtDCS. Patients in the intervention group received active tDCSfor 20 minutes by applying an intensity of (2mA) using amontage with the cathode over site PZ and the anode oversite AF4. Patients in the sham group received a sham tDCSfor 20 minutes as well; however, the current was ramped upto 1mA and remain constant for 30 seconds before rampingdown. Outcomes measures used were the Timed Up and GOtest (TUG) and the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT). Outcomemeasures were recorded before (pre-stimulation) and afterinterventions (post-stimulation) for all participants in bothgroups.Results: Post-stimulation, a statistically significant changein both of the TUG and 1 0MWT (p < 0.05) was detected onlyin the intervention group. No serious adverse effects werereported in either group.Conclusion: The transcranial direct current stimulationcan enhance motor function in demented patients. Becausethe transcranial direct current stimulation is a non-invasivetherapeutic method, it can be suggested as a useful tool toimprove locomotor performance in patients with dementia.

Effect of Aerobic Training on Muscle Performance and Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background. Compromised muscle performance is common problem in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and subsequently affects activities of daily living and quality of life (QoL). Objective. to investigate the additional effect of short-term aerobic training on both of muscle performance and QoL in patients with MS. Design. Single blinded, parallel randomized controlled trial. Setting. Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt. Participants: 40 patients with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) were randomly divided into two equal groups; intervention (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. Intervention. Both groups received a therapeutic exercise program of active strengthening and stretching exercises for selected lower limbs muscles. Only intervention group received aerobic training using bicycle ergometer three sessions weekly for eight successive weeks. Outcomes measures: isokinetic dynamometer parameters; total work, power and fatigue index, to evaluate muscle performance. The Short Form health survey (SF-36) was also applied to evaluate the QoL. Results. Intervention group showed a remarkable significant improvement in all of the isokinetic parameters and in several subscales of SF-36 questionnaire as well when compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion. adding aerobic training to physical therapy program can be more beneficial in improving muscle performance and quality of life in patients with MS.

Effect of Pulsed Magnetic Field Therapy Versus Aerobic Training on Peripheral Arteries in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels over a prolonged period of time, requiring continuous medical care and ongoing patient. Self-management education and support, to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Aim of Study: The main purpose of this study was to investigate and compare between the effect of pulsed electro-magnetic field and aerobic exercises in treatment of athero-sclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. Subjects and Methods: Forty atherosclerotic diabetic patients, with ages ranged from 45 to 55 years old, were recruited from Out Clinic of Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. They were assigned randomly to two equal groups; group A, which included 20 diabetic atherosclerotic patientswho received PEMF for with 15Hz frequency and 20 gauss intensity for 20min., while group B included 20 diabetic atherosclerotic patients who received aerobic exercise with 65-80% pf predicted max. heart rate. For both groups treatment conducted for 8 weeks, 3 sessions/week. Measurement of arterial blood flow and intimal thickness by Doppler ultra-sonography were reported before and after 8 weeks of the treatment. Results: Within group comparison showed significant increase of arterial blood flow and significant reduction of intimal thickness in both groups in both groups (p < 0.05). Comparison between post-treatment values between both groups showed non-significant difference. Conclusion: It could be concluded that, PEMF and aerobic exercises are effective methods in treatment of arterial problems in type 2 diabetic patients.

Dietary Counseling Program for Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture. CP is the most common motor disability in childhood. Cerebral means having to do with the brain. Palsy means weakness or problems with using the muscles. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate dietary counseling program for mothers of children with cerebral palsy through, assess mothers' knowledge and practices regarding to cerebral palsy; and appraise dietary counseling program for mothers of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Setting: This study conducted at faculty of physical therapy of Cairo University and neuro outpatient clinic in Sayed Galal hospital at Bab-AL-Shareya Cairo, Egypt. Design: A quasi experimental design was used. Subject: This study included seventy mothers of children with cerebral palsy came to neuro outpatient clinic at faculty of physical therapy of Cairo university and fifty mothers of children with cerebral palsy from neuro outpatient clinic in Sayed Galal hospital at Bab-AL-Shareya Cairo, Egypt. Tools: An interview questionnaire tool used in this study pre and post dietary counseling program, include three parts, I) socio-demographic characteristics for mothers of children with cerebral palsy; II) Mothers’ knowledge (pre and post) regarding to cerebral palsy; and III) Mothers' reported practices regarding dietary counseling program for their children with cerebral palsy. Results: an improvement of mothers' Knowledge and reported practice post dietary program than pre the program, the mothers' Knowledge mean and standard deviation pre-program is (53.0702 ± 29.77748), while post-program is89.3202 ± 11.68589 with highly statistically significant differences, also the mothers' reported practice mean and standard deviation pre-program is (42.6667 ± 27.76653), and post-program is (75.0833 ± 20.29181) with highly statistically significant differences. Conclusion Mothers' knowledge and reported practices toward their children with cerebral palsy improved significantly post implementation of the dietary program. Recommended: Periodically dietary counseling program for mothers help to improve their practices for enhancement of dietary condition for their children with cerebral palsy and reduce the complications of cerebral palsy and malnutrition

Effect of Lumbar Hyperlordosis Correction on Craniovertebral Angle in Low Back Pain Patients

Abstract Background: Several studies have indicated the clinical and functional importance of lumbar lordosis. It is a key component in maintaining the sagittal balance. Aim of Study: To investigate the effect of lumbar hyper-lordosis correction on crainovertebral angle in chronic low back pain patients. Subjects and Methods: 30 patients of both genders diag-nosed as chronic low back pain with lumbar hyperlordosis (cobb anlge >40 degrees) selected from outpatient clinic of the faculty of physical therapy, Beni Suef University through the period between October 2019 to January 2020. Their ages ranged from 20 to 35 years. Patients were assigned randomly by sealed envelope into two groups after signing institutionally approved consent. Group A (Experimental group): 15 patients received muscle energy technique (MET) for 3 sessions/week for 4 weeks. Group B (Control group): 15 patients received William program for 3 sessions/week for 4 week. Lumbar lordosis angle was measured by plain X-ray imaging, cranio-vertebral angle by photographic analysis method, pain intensity level by visual analogue scale, trunk range of motion by tape (flexion, extension, side bending and rotation) before and after four weeks of treatment. Results: The study findings revealed that there was a significant improvement in the craniovertebral angle of both groups post treatment compared with that pre treatment (p= 0.0001), There was significant increase in trunk range of motion in both groups post treatment compared with that pre treatment (p=0.0001), There was a significant decrease in pain intensity on VAS in the both groups post treatment compared with that pre treatment (p=0.0001). Conclusion: The correction of lumbar hyperlordosis had a positive effect on improving craniovertebral angle, improving trunk range of motion, and decrease pain level in chronic low back pain patients.

The Effect of Adding Kinesio Tape to Mulligan's Mobilization in Patients with A Cervicogenic Headache

Background: Cervicogenic headache is a major problem in many people suffering from upper cervical dysfunction with a great conflict in its physical therapy management. Objective: The aim of the work was to determine the effect of Adding Kinesio Tape To Mulligan's Mobilization in patients with a cervicogenic headache. Patients and methods: Fifty four patients with cervicogenic headache included in the study; from outpatient clinic, Faculty of physical therapy, Cairo University Hospital (Kasr El Ainy), were randomly assigned into two equal groups ; group A (Kinesiotaping and mulligan techniques), Group B (mulligan techniques). Their mean ± SD age, weight, height and BMI were 37.74±5.55 years, 80.62±6.27 kg, 170.11±5.5 cm and 27.48±2.73 kg/m² respectively. The visual analogue scale (VAS) is used for measuring intensity of cervicogenic headache. Frequency and duration of cervicogenic headache are collected from subjective data of patients. Correlations between the examined parameters were also measured. Kinesiotaping application with mulligan SNAGs were companied in group A and mulligan SNAGs done only in group B. Results: There was significant improvement of VAS outcome scores and frequency and duration of cervicogenic headache in Group (A) more than Group (B). Conclusion: It could be concluded that adding kinesio tape to mulligan's mobilization in patients with a cervicogenic headache is found to be an effective in treatment of cervicogenic headache.

Influence of Vestibular Rehabilitation on Balance and Dual-Task Cost of Walking in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background. Balance dysfunction and high dual-task costs are eminent features in multiple sclerosis (MS). Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) proved to promote functional outcomes; yet, its influence on dynamic balance and dual-task cost of walking (DTCW) in MS needs further research. Objective. To investigate the effect of adding VRT to aerobic training on dynamic balance and DTCW in people with MS. Design. Single blinded, parallel randomized controlled trial. Settings. Out-Patient Clinic at Faculty of Physical Therapy and Kasr Al-Ainy Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Cairo University, Egypt. Participants. 40 patients with remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis. Intervention. Patients were randomized to a control (n = 20) and intervention (n = 20) groups. Over four successive weeks, all patients received stationary bicycle aerobic training. Intervention group received an additional VRT program. Outcomes measures. Berg Balance Scale (BBS), walking speed tested by the 10 meters timed walk test (10 m-TWT), (DTCW), and overall stability index (SI). Results. Intervention group showed a remarkable improvement in BBS (p = 0.02), SI at levels four (p = 0.002) and seven (p = 0.03), and DTCW (p = 0.03) compared with control group. Walking speed did not show significant changes post-treatment within or between groups comparison (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion. Adding VRT to aerobic training has a positive effect on dynamic balance and dual-task cost of walking in MS.

Resistance Training Impact on Mobility, Muscle Strength and Lean Mass in Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To determine the efficacy of a three-month resistance training programme on the mobility, muscle strength and lean body mass of patients with pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Elsahel Teaching Hospital, outpatient clinic of the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo, Egypt. Participants: Patients with pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia. Interventions: Participants were randomized to the resistance training group (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). Main measures: Outcomes including mobility, muscle strength and lean body mass were measured at baseline, three months after surgical resection and 12 weeks after intervention. Results: The mean (SD) age was 51.9 (5.03) years and body mass index was 21.1 (1.13) kg/m²; 65% of patients were male. Compared to the control group, the resistance training group showed significant improvement in mobility: 400-m walk performance (270.3–256.9 seconds vs 266.4–264.2 seconds, respectively) and chair rise (13.82–12.53 seconds vs 13.77–13.46 seconds, respectively). Similarly, muscle strength was also significantly improved in the resistance training group than in the control group; we observed increase in peak torque of knee extensors (P = 0.004), elbow flexors (P = 0.001) and elbow extensors, improvement in lean mass of the upper limb (6.28–6.46 kg vs 6.31–6.23 kg, respectively) and lower limb (16.31–16.58 kg vs 16.4–16.31 kg, respectively). Conclusion: A three-month resistance training improved the mobility of patients with pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia. Muscle strength and lean body mass also improved.

Immediate effect of induced fatigue of the unaffected limb on standing balance, proprioception and vestibular symptoms in children with hemiplegia.

To study the effect of induced fatigue of the unaffected limb on the sensory components of standing balance; proprioception and vestibular symptoms in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Setting: Outpatient Clinic of Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. Twenty-nine children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy [(ages 8.9 ± 2.3 years), motor ability I/II according to the GMFCS and spasticity of I/I+ according to the Modified Ashworth Scale]. Before and after the induced fatigue of the unaffected limb, the following measures were recorded: postural balance, using the Biodex Balance System and the Timed Up and Go test; vestibular sense, using the Paediatric Vestibular Symptom Questionnaire; and proprioception measures of both knees, using the Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. There was a significant increase in the post-fatigue values for the overall stability index (p< 0.05), the Timed Up and Go test (p< 0.05), reposition errors of proprioception of the unaffected limb (p< 0.05) and the vestibular questionnaire (p< 0.05); there was a non-significant decrease in the post-fatigue values for reposition errors of proprioception of the affected limb (p= 0.859). Fatigue of the unaffected limb negatively affects postural balance and related sensory systems (proprioception of the fatigued limb and vestibular function) but does not have an impact on proprioception of the unfatigued limb.

Effect of Electrical Microcurrent on Median Nerve Conduction Velocity and Mechanical Pain Threshold in the Median Nerve in a Randomized Single Blind Controlled Trial

Background: Microcurrent electrical stimulation (MES) is a promising line for treating a variety of conditions. Its outcome on the peripheral nerves remains vague. Objective: The purpose of this work was to assess the impact of MES on nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the median nerve and pressure pain threshold in healthy people. Subjects and Methods: It was a randomized single-blind controlled trial that was conducted on sixty healthy students of the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. Participants were assigned randomly into two groups: control and study groups; who were exposed to MES for 30 minutes using a frequency of 10 Hz, and intensity of 100 µA at the volar aspect of the non-dominant forearm. Median NCVs (motor and sensory) and pain pressure threshold were assessed before, immediately after and 30 minutes after the MES application. Results: Concerning the pain pressure threshold, there was a significant difference between both control and study groups favoring the study group (p-value 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, a single application of MES over the course of the median nerve in healthy subjects was effective in increasing pressure pain threshold, and sensory distal latency; and decreasing SNCV, So, upon these results MES could be promising in treating painful conditions.

THE EFFECT WEIGHT OF BACKPACK ON POSTURAL CONTROL AMONG PREP SCHOOL STUDENTS IN TANTA CITY

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in postural control and stability among prep school students in Tanta city with and without backpacks. Method: The study was conducted with a sample of 30 children, 16 boys and 14 girls with a mean age (years) 13 + 1.03, body mass (kg) 40.6 + 10.14, height (m) 1, 50 + 0.15, BMI (kg / m²) 20.25 + 3.70. Samples were selected randomly, divided into 2 equal groups. Group (A):15 Participants tested with back packs, group (B): 15 Participants tested without back packs. Balance assessment was done in biomechanics lab, faculty of physical therapy, Delta University for Science &amp; Technology. The dynamic balance parameters (Anterior posterior (AP), Mediolateral (ML) and Overall (OA) stability indices) measured by Biodex Balance System at stability level-7, with standard load (3 kg), based on average back pack mass of the volunteers. Results: the results suggest there was statistical significant difference between both groups (A&amp;B) (P&lt; 0.05). There is decrease in balance parameters including (OA, AP and MLindices) at seven level of stability during the dynamic balance test in group A which tested with back packs compared with group B which tested without backpacks. Conclusions: When comparing between the mean values of participant's stability indices (OA, AP and ML) at stability level-7 within the same group (A or B), there was no statistical significant difference (P&gt; 0.05).

Effect of Motor Imagery Training on Urinary Incontinence in Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Background: Arising concern about motor imagery training and its effect on the incidence of urinary incontinence in incomplete spinal cord injury patients. Aim of Study: This study was conducted to determine the effect of motor imagery training of pelvic floor muscles contraction on urinary incontinence in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. Material and Methods: Thirty patients with urinary in-continence due to over active bladder after incomplete spinal cord injury were selected randomly from the Outpatient Clinic of Kasr El-Aini, Teaching Hospital, Cairo University, and out-patient clinic, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo Univer-sity. From February 2019 to July 2019. Their age ranged from 18-40 years, with incomplete SCI above the level L1. All subjects were submitted to complete clinical evaluation and assessed using International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and TG Myofeedback 420V. Only the study group underwent Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ). Results: By comparison between both groups, the study group (A) show increase in pelvic floor muscles strength and reduction in (ICIQ-SF) score more than group (B). Conclusion: Motor imagery training of pelvic floor mus-cles can be effectively used to improve over active bladder incontinence and quality of life in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury.

Effect of Endurance Training on Balance in Parkinson's Patients

Abstract Background: Postural instability and resulting falls are major factors determining quality of life, morbidity, and mortality in individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Aim of Study: This study was to determine if there is an effect of endurance training on balance in idiopathic Parkinson's patients. Patients and Methods: A referred diagnosed twenty Par-kinson patients from both genders, with age ranged from (60- 65) years old, were randomly assigned to equal two groups: A study group and a control group. Control group received conventional physical therapy program (Wobble board training, ROM, stretching exercises and gait training). For 12 sessions every other day, each session for one hour and study group received endurance training exercises in addition to conven-tional physical therapy program as control group, each session for one and half hours (one hour conventional treatment and 30 minutes treadmill training). All patients were evaluated with Biodex Stability System (BSS) including dynamic limit of stability test, dynamic balance test and functional reach test pre and post-treatment. The study was done in out clinics and balance lab. of Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo Uni-versity for one month. Results: This study revealed that there is a significant improvement in balance in both groups but there was no significant difference between both groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that four weeks of endurance training combined with conventional physical therapy program for every patient was effective physical therapy technique on balance impairment in Parkinson's patients.

Role of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in the Management of Post-Stroke Depression

Study Objectives: Stroke is a major neurological disease significantly threatening the human health and life with a high morbidity, disability, and mortality. Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the common complications of stroke. PSD has been a major factor hindering the recovery of neurological functions and daily activities in stroke patients and is closely related to the social avoidance and increased mortality of stroke patients. Although antidepressant drug treatment has improved during the last decades, symptoms in about 20% of the patients are not in remission two years after initiation of pharmacological intervention. Nowadays, non-invasive brain stimulation; techniques; transcranial direct current stimulation (tCDS) has gained an important interest in the treatment of many neuropsychiatric disorders which might be of some help in treatment of PSD. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the beneficial short term role of tDCS on post-stroke depression. Study Design: This was a randomized double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial included forty hemiparetic patients with post-stroke depression from outpatient clinic of Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, in the period between June 2018 to June 2019. All patients diagnosed as having a PSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Depression was evaluated by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) pre and post treatment and quality of life was evaluated by the Stroke Specific Quality Of Life scale (SS-QOL). Patients were assigned randomly into two groups: the study group A and the control group B. Both groups received antidepressant medication in addition to physical therapy program. Group A received tCDS for 30 minutes, three times per week for one month, while the group B received sham transcranial direct current stimulation. Results: Active tDCS was significantly superior to sham with significant improvement in depression and Stroke Specific Quality Of Life in treated group in comparison to group B, p = 0.000. Conclusion: tDCS was effective for post- stroke depression and might be a favorable option for treating post-stroke patients.

The Impact of Tennis and Golfer's Elbow on Shoulder External Rotators and Abductors' Peak Torque.

Upper limb activities require a repetitive movement of the shoulder external rotator and abductor muscles. The malfunction of the proximal part of the upper limb kinetic chain tends to change the mechanics of the distal part and increase the risk of injuries. To compare the normalized eccentric peak torque (NEPT) of the shoulder external rotator and abductor muscles among healthy athletes and those with tennis elbow and golfer's elbow. An experimental cross-sectional study. Isokinetic laboratory, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. A total of 30 male athletes participated voluntarily in this study. Participants were distributed into 3 groups: healthy group, tennis elbow group, and golfer's elbow group. NEPT of shoulder abductors and external rotators. The Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer was used to measure the variables of interest. There was a significant increase in the NEPT of shoulder abductors and external rotators in healthy control group compared with both tennis elbow and golfer's elbow groups at an angular velocity of 60°/s (P < .05). Moreover, there was a significant increase in the NEPT of shoulder external rotators and abductors at an angular velocity of 120°/s in healthy control group compared with tennis elbow group and in golfer's elbow group compared with tennis elbow group (P < .05). Tennis elbow and golfer's elbow are associated with decreased NEPT of shoulder external rotators and abductors compared with those of healthy athletes. This tends to decrease the external stability of the shoulder joint and put high stress on the distal joints of the upper kinetic chain.

GENDER DIFFERENCE IN OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE, QUALITY OF LIFE AND TRUNK MUSCLE ENDURANCE IN PHYSICAL THERAPISTS WITH LOW BACK PAIN

15Oct 2019 GENDER DIFFERENCE IN OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE, QUALITY OF LIFE AND TRUNK MUSCLE ENDURANCE IN PHYSICAL THERAPISTS WITH LOW BACK PAIN Salma E Ahmad , Ebtessam F Gomaa , Nadia A Fayaz and Ahmad H Azzam Physical therapist at outpatient clinic of faculty of physical therapy, cairo university, giza, egypt Department of physical therapy for musculoskeletal disorders and its surgery, faculty of physical therapy, cairo university, giza, egypt Department of orthopaedic surgery and traumatology, faculty of medicine, cairo university, cairo, egypt