Facultad De Research Articles

Classification of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia using routine clinical and cognitive measures across multicentric underrepresented samples: A cross sectional observational study.

Global brain health initiatives call for improving methods for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in underrepresented populations. However, diagnostic procedures in upper-middle-income countries (UMICs) and lower-middle income countries (LMICs), such as Latin American countries (LAC), face multiple challenges. These include the heterogeneity in diagnostic methods, lack of clinical harmonisation, and limited access to biomarkers. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to identify the best combination of predictors to discriminate between AD and FTD using demographic, clinical and cognitive data among 1794 participants [904 diagnosed with AD, 282 diagnosed with FTD, and 606 healthy controls (HCs)] collected in 11 clinical centres across five LAC (ReDLat cohort). A fully automated computational approach included classical statistical methods, support vector machine procedures, and machine learning techniques (random forest and sequential feature selection procedures). Results demonstrated an accurate classification of patients with AD and FTD and HCs. A machine learning model produced the best values to differentiate AD from FTD patients with an accuracy = 0.91. The top features included social cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, executive functioning performance, and cognitive screening; with secondary contributions from age, educational attainment, and sex. Results demonstrate that data-driven techniques applied in archival clinical datasets could enhance diagnostic procedures in regions with limited resources. These results also suggest specific fine-grained cognitive and behavioural measures may aid in the diagnosis of AD and FTD in LAC. Moreover, our results highlight an opportunity for harmonisation of clinical tools for dementia diagnosis in the region. This work was supported by the Multi-Partner Consortium to Expand Dementia Research in Latin America (ReDLat), funded by NIA/NIH (R01AG057234), Alzheimer's Association (SG-20-725707-ReDLat), Rainwater Foundation, Takeda (CW2680521), Global Brain Health Institute; as well as CONICET; FONCYT-PICT (2017-1818, 2017-1820); PIIECC, Facultad de Humanidades, Usach; Sistema General de Regalías de Colombia (BPIN2018000100059), Universidad del Valle (CI 5316); ANID/FONDECYT Regular (1210195, 1210176, 1210176); ANID/FONDAP (15150012); ANID/PIA/ANILLOS ACT210096; and Alzheimer's Association GBHI ALZ UK-22-865742.

Análisis métrico de la Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad del Zulia (2011-2021)

The Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad del Zulia (LUZ), is a publication of the Instituto de Investigaciones Agronómicas de la Facultad de Agronomía, (LUZ) Venezuela. The digital content of the journal is hosted on the web site https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia and is indexed in national and international databases. The objective of this research is to analyze the editorial management of the Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía (LUZ) in the period 2011 to 2021 through a bibliometric analysis of authorship, production, and collaboration, emphasizing the identification of the main research topics, their relationship and the components that integrate them. A descriptive, longitudinal, retrospective study of trend (analyzes changes over time) was carried out using quantitative techniques. It is based on the theoretical and methodological framework provided by information metric studies. Searches were carried out in the Scopus database. Several computer programs were used for data processing: VOSviewer, bibliometrix and Publish or Perish. The journal has a total of 442 original papers, from 2010 to 2021, with a total of 1375 authors, with an average production for the period of 40 articles per year and an average of 4.43 authors per article.

Treatment Patterns and Survival of Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma in Latin America

Alana von Glasenapp, MD1. Luis Villela,MD2,3,4. Henry Idrobo,MD5. Perla Colunga, MD6. Fernando Perez-Jacobo, MD7. Arianna Robles-Rodriguez, MD8. Rosa Oliday Rios, MD9. Diego Fernando Garces Paz, MD10. Denisse Castro Uriol,MD11,12. Sally Paredes, MD 11,12. Brady Beltran Garate, MD11,12. Ana Carolina Oliver Solimano, MD13. Victoria Irigoin, MD14. Alejandro Ospina-Idarraga, MD MSc15,16Humberto Martinez-Cordero, MD MSc15,16. 1Hospital Central Instituto de Prevision Social, Asuncion,Paraguay. 2Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Facultad de Medicina, Sinaloa,Mexico. 3Hospital Fernando Ocaranza. ISSSTE, Hermosillo, Sonora Mexico. 4Centro Medico Dr. Ignacio Chavez. ISSSTESON, Hermosillo, Sonora,Mexico. 5Prof. Universidad del Valle,Cali,Colombia. 6Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, UANL, Monterrey Nuevo León,Mexico. 7Hospital Central Norte PEMEX, Ciudad de México, Mexico. 8Hospital General de Occidente, Servicio hematología, SSA, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. 9Prof auxiliar Hospital Hermanos Ameijeira. Havanna,Cuba. 10Universidad del Cauca,Colombia. 11Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima Peru. 12Centro de Medicina de Precisión Universidad San Martin de Porres,Lima, Perú. 13Hospital Britanico y Casmu,Montevideo,Uruguay. 14Casmu y Cosem,Montevideo,Uruguay. 15Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Bogota, Colombia. 16Master Program in Epidemiology-Universidad del Bosque, Bogota, Colombia. On Behalf of GELL (Grupo de estudio Latinoamericano de Linfoma)Background The standard of care (SOC) in first relapse/refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma (r/rHL) is salvage therapy, including high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This treatment approach has been shown to improve event-free survival (EFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) in controlled clinical trials. This study aims to determine the treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma in Latin America. Materials y Methods Here we present a retrospective international study of patients diagnosed with R/R HL treated at 16 centers in seven countries between 2010 and 2020. Results We found 142 patients with R/R disease fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Clinical characteristics are shown in table 1. Platinum-based regimens were the most widely used, followed by gemcitabine-based regimens and only 36 patients proceeded with ASCT (25.4%). Patients who ultimately did undergo ASCT had the best progression-free survival compared with those who did not. The median progression-free survival for the entire cohort was 17 months (95% CI 8.2-25.7). Progression-free survival for those patients who underwent ASCT was 40 months (95% CI 28-52), and for those who did not proceed to ASCT, it was only 12 months (95% CI 8-16). In the multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of better survival was having proceeded with the transplant HR: 0.393 p= 0.030 (95% CI 0.17 -0.91). Conclusion Our retrospective study showed that access to ASCT is limited in Latin America, and the survival is lower than reported in the literature. The ASCT is essential for achieving a potential cure in R / RHL patients with the chemotherapy-sensitive disease. Health systems must guarantee access to transplantation for all patients who are candidates for this therapy. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

HISTORICAL ROADS OF PUBLIC POLICIES FOR EDUCATION IN THE BRAZILIAN SCENARIO WITH EMPHASIS ON THE MAIS EDUCAÇÃO PROGRAM

The present text named “Historical Paths of Public Policies for Education in the Brazilian Scenario with Emphasis on the Mais Educação Program”, is the result of a research developed at FICS - Interamericana Facultad de Ciencias Sociales of the Postgraduate Program in the Master of Science in Sciences. of Education - whose general objective is to analyze in a critical-reflexive way the Mais Educação Program, about the activities carried out at the Municipal School Benjamin Farah in the municipality of Bom Jesus da Lapa - BA. This is an excerpt from the dissertation carried out which deals with this theme in which, specifically, it has as its main function to identify the situation of the educational space and the service in relation to the offer of activities of the Mais Educação Program in the researched school. For this, the qualitative methodology was adopted as a guideline, which is engendered in the analysis of historical, hybrid, complex and antagonistic social phenomena that produce the most diverse social transformations. A priori, bibliographic sources were used in articles, texts and books to collect the necessary information and elaborate the guiding data of the research, as basic elements that historicize the context of the Mais Educação Program and the struggle for the effectiveness of this modality, as a public policy, which will enable the expansion of knowledge in line with what is prescribed. The research results reveal that the way in which the Mais Educação Program was implemented in the researched school needs adjustments to effectively serve the students with quality and carry out the actions in a significant way. In this work, paths are pointed out by which we believe that the PME can contribute to emancipation, as we believe that the transformation of this situation in which the students find themselves can only be carried out with the change of public educational policies and a more humanist and holistic view.

A scientific methodology course for advanced medical students: an eight-year perspective

Background: Exponential increases in the development of medical knowledge, the expansion of areas where medicine develops its activities, the emergence of new pathologies (e.g., COVID-19), novel diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies, together with the appearance of multiple communication and information technologies, determined that the education of future physicians required targeted training in scientific methodology. Methods: The design and execution of a course in scientific methodology in the curriculum of Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, is described. The course is carried out at an advanced stage of the medical studies for all the students, in which they develop a 10-month research project supervised by the medical school faculty. Students undergo all stages of a research endeavor: generation of hypothesis or general aim, elaboration of a research protocol, submission to the Research Ethics and Animal Welfare Committees, data recollection, analysis, interpretation and publication of the results. Results: The course is undertaken at the Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, the main university of the country, with high numbers of students enrolled. The course involves the participation of 600 students and up to 300 professors per year, which implies a huge institutional effort. Conclusions: The scientific methodology course resulted in one of the most important incorporations of the current 2008 curriculum. Local students, faculty and international evaluators have qualified this activity as an educational breakthrough, being a gratifying and productive experience. The course represented the first exposure of medical students to the research methodology, scientific literature and publication rules, and emphasized the dynamic nature of medical knowledge within modern medical education. Moreover, for some students it constituted the onset of academic research careers. An additional positive outcome was the reactivation of some faculty research projects, in a way that largely exceeded the boundaries of the course.

Chordal graphs through clique trees

Here we present a part of the work in collaboration with Jayme Luiz Szwarcfiter and Marisa Gutierrez, during the development of the thesis of Silvia Tondato at Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (UNLP), "Grafos Cordales: árboles cliques y representaciones canónicas'', finished in 2009.

El golpe de la pandemia a la salud mental en estudiantes universitarios

Mr. Editor I have read carefully and with great interest, the article called Anxiety level of first-year medical students from a private university in Peru in times of Covid-191 by Saravia-Bartra et al. published in the journal of the Facultad de Medicina Humana URP where the grade of anxiety present among freshman medical students of a private university is presented. Let me complement the information given in this new article by exposing some factors that can predispose to this condition. The COVID-19 pandemic is a major threat to the physical and mental health and well-being of entire societies that have been severely affected by this crisis, and this is a priority that must be urgently addressed Adversities related to socioeconomic consequences, fear of The virus, and its spread, as well as the associated concerns, have a significant impact on mental health and this may be greater in certain groups such as medical students and may be aggravated by different factors.

Primer registro de la cotorra argentina (Myiopsitta monachus) en Chihuahua, México

Reportamos el primer registro de la cotorra argentina (Myiopsitta monachus) en las ciudades de Chihuahua y Delicias en Chihuahua, México. Observamos cinco individuos de esta especie de junio a diciembre de 2011 en las instalaciones de la Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua; grupos de 2 a 12 individuos en el área urbana de la ciudad de Chihuahua durante 2012, y cuatro individuos en ciudad Delicias, a 80 km al sureste de la ciudad de Chihuahua, en el 2013. Previamente, en enero de 2011, se reportó, en el portal electrónico de aVerAves, el avistamiento de un individuo en el noroeste del estado. Dada la presencia de nidos activos en las ciudades de Chihuahua y Delicias, la especie podría estar ya establecida en esta parte del país. Recomendamos dar seguimiento a las poblaciones existentes de esta especie a fin de documentar los posibles riesgos a los ecosistemas en la región.

Acari (Parasitiformes and Acariformes) From Mexico: Analysis of Their Geographical and Host Distribution in Rodentia (Cricetidae).

The study of Acari associated with cricetid rodents in Mexico began at the end of the 1930s. Despite efforts to gathering the information, only listings were built, but none of these studies present an analysis of the available data. A search was made through electronic databases; in addition, some not published records contained at Collection of Laboratorio de Acarología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México were included in the inventory. Combining the literature records and those deposited in the collection, the total number of species of Acari associated with this family of rodents is 165, distributed in two superorders, four orders, 15 families, and 57 genera. Of the 15 families registered, the richest is Trombiculidae (70 nominal species and 75 taxa), followed by Laelapidae (39 and 42, respectively), Ixodidae (13 nominal and 16 taxa), and Leewenhoekiidae (13 nominal and taxa). From the bibliographic searches, a total of 76 papers were recovered with information on the association between Acari and cricetid rodents in Mexico. The main detected approach in the literature was taxonomic (75 works) and one on detection of pathogens. From the 145 known species of cricetids recorded in Mexico, only 72 (distributed in 18 genera) have been studied and found to host Acari. The use of regionalization of Mexico in provinces allowed us to map the records of Acari associated to cricetids in the most natural approximation of their distribution. We recognize and discuss seven factors that favor the scarcity and asymmetry of acarological studies in Mexico.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma arising from chronic traumatic ulcers.

A proportion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), and the rest might not be associated with any well-established OPMD. Chronic traumatic ulcer (CTU) has been suggested as a lesion with potential for malignant transformation, but the evidence is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to describe clinicopathological features of non-healing CTU (NHCTU) that later developed to OSCC. A retrospective cohort study was performed of patients attending the Facultad de Odontología Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (2013-2019). The study included patients with a provisional diagnosis of CTU. CTUs without complete healing after removal of traumatic factors-non healing CTU (NHCTU)-were investigated by biopsy. A detailed description of cases where a malignancy was diagnosed is presented. A total of 107 CTU were included. Of these, 32 CTUs were considered NHCTU and two cases showed histological features of OSCC in the background of NHCTU. In both cases, lesions were found on the lateral tongue. Both were non smoking, non alcohol drinking individuals. Absence of any well-known OPMD was also registered. The possibility of malignant transformation in a subset of tongue NHCTU should not be underestimated. In a subgroup of patients, NHCTU could be considered an OPMD. Although the potential malignant transformation rate is low, these conditions should be always followed up.

Características cefalométricas en la maloclusión clase II

La Organización Mundial de la Salud, considera las maloclusiones como la tercera causa de enfermedad dental. El presente estudio describe las características cefalométricas esqueletales y dentoalveolares de 58 pacientes clínicamente diagnosticados con una maloclusión clase II de acuerdo a la clasificación de Angle. Se compararon algunas características cefalométricas de los análisis de Steiner, Jarabak, Wits y Bimler, para diagnosticar y asociar la maloclusión clase II dental con la esqueletal, de acuerdo al género y la edad de crecimiento. El estudio se realizó en 58 radiografías laterales de cráneo de pacientes que asistieron a la Facultad de Odontología UNAM, en el periodo comprendido de agosto 2003 a febrero 2004, los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba “t” Student con un nivel de significancia de 0.05 o menor, al comparar el género y diferentes grupos de edades con las variables cefalométricas, resultando el 71% con una maloclusión clase II dental y esqueletal, predominando la alteración mandibular en el género femenino y maxilar en el masculino. Se concluyó que la maloclusión clase II dental no siempre corresponde a una clase II esqueletal.

Relación entre necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico e índice CPO-D en adultos

Introducción: se ha encontrado que sujetos con puntuación más alta del índice CPO-D fueron más propensos a requerir tratamiento de ortodoncia. El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico e índice CPOD en una población de adultos paraguayos en el año 2017. Métodos: estudio transversal en pacientes adultos ≥18 años que acudieron la clínica odontológica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, durante la Pasantía Supervisada en los meses de enero y febrero del año 2017. Para la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico se utilizó el Índice de Estética Dental (IED). Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas Chi cuadrado de Pearson y ANOVA con el test de Bonferroni con un nivel del 95%. Resultados: formaron parte del estudio 147 adultos, el 71,4% eran mujeres. El IED fue de 31,1± 10,3. El 29,5% requirió tratamiento ortodóncico prioritario. El 65,3% presentó resalte incisal aumentado, el 55,1% apiñamiento y el 51,7% relación molar anormal. El Índice CPO-D fue de 8,9±5,9. Conforme aumenta el índice CPO-D también aumenta el nivel de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico (p<0,001), siendo la diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles ninguno y prioritario (p<0,001). Conclusiones: el índice CPO-D se encontró asociado significativamente al nivel de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico.

La virtualización de la enseñanza de la histología y embriología durante la pandemia COVID-19

Introduction: The Covid-19 disease is a globally spreading pandemic with serious consequences. The Universidad Nacional de Córdoba like all universities of Argentina ordered the suspension of face-to-face education and developed a teaching-learning process focused on a virtual environment that would allow compliance with mandatory isolation and at the same time continue with the dictation of the contents in their schools. Objective: The aim of this work was to obtain and analyze information regarding the conditions of technological access and e-competences with which the students developed the virtual activities for morphological sciences learning in the current context of covid-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study of the data obtained of anonymous and voluntary survey among students course of Histology and Embryology A was carried out. Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Results:95.7% of the students had the necessary technological devices and 49.3% considered themselves digitally proficient and 37.9% beginners. Only 26.4% of the students required help for the use of technology. Conclusion: The analysis of successes and difficulties with which we go through the teaching of morphological sciences in pandemic will allow creating a reflection space for us to be better prepared for the challenges of a post-pandemic education and promoting new teaching-learning forms that combine and integrate elements of the face-to-face class and virtual learning thus contributingto improving the future health professional’s university education

El rol estudiantil para el retorno a la presencialidad en la Facultad de Odontología

The return to face-to-face post-quarantine in the Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba was possible thanks to the participation of each of the members of your community pieces of a fundamental gear for the daily functioning of the institution. Student participation through volunteering alongside the program Compromiso Social Estudiantil, played a prominent role during the Sars Cov2 pandemic, for its collaboration with society in immunization campaigns, testing center and participation in logistics for the application of preventive measures in the Institution to prevent the spread of the virus

A scientific methodology course for advanced medical students: an eight-year perspective

Background: Exponential increases in the development of medical knowledge, the expansion of areas where medicine develops its activities, the emergence of new pathologies ( e.g., COVID-19), novel diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies, together with the appearance of multiple communication and information technologies, determined that the education of future physicians required targeted training in scientific methodology. Methods: The design and execution of a course in scientific methodology in the curriculum of Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, is described. The course is carried out at an advanced stage of the medical studies for all the students, in which they develop a 10-month research project supervised by the medical school faculty. Students undergo all stages of a research endeavor: generation of hypothesis, elaboration of a research protocol, submission to the Research Ethics and Animal Welfare Committees, data recollection, analysis, interpretation and publication of the results. Results: The course is undertaken at the Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, the main university of the country, with high numbers of students enrolled. The course involves the participation of 600 students and up to 300 professors per year, which implies a huge institutional effort Conclusions: The scientific methodology course resulted in one of the most important incorporations of the current 2008 curriculum. Local students, faculty and international evaluators have qualified this activity as an educational breakthrough, being a gratifying and productive experience. The course represented the first exposure of medical students to the research methodology, scientific literature and publication rules, and emphasized the dynamic nature of medical knowledge within modern medical education. Moreover, for some students it constituted the onset of academic research careers. An additional positive outcome was the reactivation of some faculty research projects, in a way that largely exceeded the boundaries of the course.

Xerocomellus carmeniae (Boletales, Basidiomycota), a new fungus from northeastern Mexico

Background and Aims: Xerocomellus is a genus of the Boletaceae family, characterized by the small to medium, boletoid to gastroid basidiomata, usually with areolate pileus, and smooth to ornamented basidiospores. So far only two species are known from Mexico. The aim of this study is to describe a new species of Xerocomellus, based on morphological, molecular and ecological data. Methods: Sampling of studied specimens was carried out in Nuevo León state, northeastern Mexico (2009 and 2016). Classic protocols for macrofungi were followed. Hand cut sections of specimens were made and mounted in KOH and Melzer reagent to observe microstructures. The identification of the putative host tree was made in the botanical herbarium CFNL of the Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; the type of forest was identified according to field observations and satellite images. DNA was extracted from three different collections. The ITS region and the gene LSU were obtained and analyzed. The material was deposited in the mycological collections of the herbaria “José Castillo Tovar” (ITCV) of the Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victoria and CFNL. Key results: Xerocomellus carmeniae differs from other Xerocomellus species by the following combination of characteristics: boletoid basidiomata, reddish areolate pileus, yellowish stipe, and basidiospores of 10.5-13.6 × 5.7-7.8 µm, elongate, sometimes truncate. Conclusions: Xerocomellus carmeniae is the third species of this genus known from Mexico and is putatively associated to Quercus cambyi. Some specimens show an aberrant form, but more studies are recommended to evaluate a possible transition to a secotioid form.

In-vitro Evaluation of Three Conservation Methods of Probiotics from 42-day-old Tropical Calves

Aims: The conservation of probiotics is of great importance due to the microorganism’s viability; therefore, their properties and benefits depend on it. In this work, it was studied three methods of conservation; refrigeration, cryopreservation, and lyophilization of two probiotics isolated from the rumen of 42 day-old calves, previously evaluated: Animal 1-day 42 (A1D42) and Animal 3-day 42 A3D42.
 Place and Duration of Study: Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, between August 2020 and September 2021.
 Methodology: It was evaluated the viability of the probiotics after of 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of refrigeration, cryopreservation, and lyophilization as preservation methods. The effect of the lyophilized probiotic A1D42 on the digestibility in vitro, such as its effect on the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production was also determined.
 Results: Cryopreserved and lyophilization methods had better performance about the viability in both probiotics. A1D42 lyophilized maintained its viability (67%) until 60 days and after 90 days it was affected significantly. Despite the fact that VFA production in vitro did not increase with probiotic addiction, A1D42 significantly increased in vitro digestibility by up to 66%. The results demonstrated that lyophilization is the best method of conservation of probiotic production due to it preserves vial cells, as well as the properties and effects of the probiotic.
 Conclusion: Therefore, lyophilized A1D42 probiotic can be used as an additive in calf diets, which could improve their digestibility, and, therefore, their weight gain, which could have a positive impact on animal production, in addition to the health benefits.

Effect of environmental enrichment on Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) under captivity conditions.

Environmental enrichment seeks to improve the quality of care for animals in captivity through the constant generation of new sources of stimuli to simulate a complexand changing environment. Salvator merianae is a species of large lizard whose native distribution covers the subtropical and humid zones of southeastern South America.The study was carried out in the Experimental Lizard Hatchery belonging to the Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia from Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, UNT for its initials in Spanish. Two pens were used, a control group R1 (Enclosure 1) and an experimental group R2 (Enclosure 2), where data were taken ithout enrichment (R2 W/O-E) and with enrichment (R2 WE). An ethogram was used to record the different behaviors that were then grouped into eight categories to evaluate how animals spend their time. Behaviors were recorded on video, the applied technique was the focal animal sampling with instantaneous recording, the extracted data were ex-ported into individual spreadsheets. The Landau index was calculated to determine the existence of hierarchies. The data suggest that the modification of the enclosure conditions has the capacity to alter the behavioral profiles. Only a few behavioral categories showed significant differences. No significant differences were found, in the frequency of the behavioral categories, between males and females. There was a decrease in the frequency of reproductive behavior in males in R2. There was anon-linear hierarchy among the individuals. A ecrease in the chases was observedamong individuals in R2.

Dialectic and Refutation in Plato and Aristotle


 The papers in this dossier were written within the framework of two research projects on the refutation strategies of radical adversaries in Plato’s and Aristotle’s writings. Both projects, directed by Graciela Marcos and based in the Institute of Philosophy “Dr. Alejandro Korn” (Instituto de Filosofía “Dr. Alejandro Korn”) of the Facultad de Filosofía y Letras of the Universidad de Buenos Aires, were subsidised by the Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica of this university and by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Técnológica (ANCyPT), to whom we would like to express our gratitude. Special thanks also to Fabián G. Mié, who, for several years, has been working on the question of dialectic in Plato and Aristotle and with whom, even if he has not formally joined our team, we have had the good fortune to exchange ideas and discuss many of the issues related to both projects. Fabián Mié’s work is therefore added to the works presented by Lucas M. Álvarez, María E. Díaz, Martín S. Forciniti, Julián Macías and Graciela E. Marcos in this dossier.

Estudio retrospectivo de hallazgos ultrasonográficos en útero y ovarios de perras no preñadas para determinar la frecuencia de aparición de las principales patologías

In the present retrospective study, we sought to establish the frequency of occurrence in non-pregnant bitches of echographic findings compatible with pathologies of the uterus and ovaries between 2011 and 2017 in the Imaging Service of the Small Animal Hospital of the Facultad de Veterinaria – Universidad de la República, Uruguay. In turn, these data were related to clinical signs, review information and anamnesis of the patients to be able to issue a diagnostic approach. In this way, the casuistry of the different pathologies in this period of time and their relationship was determined with age, weight, and reproductive status. It was determined that out of 6010 bitches taken to the hospital, 2288 had an ultrasound study and 299 had findings compatible with: pyometra, other uterine collections (mucometer, hydrometer, hemometer), cystic endometrial hyperplasia, uterus tumor, pathologies of uterine stump, ovarian cyst / ovarian remnant syndrome or ovarian tumor. The pathology that was most recorded was pyometra with 52.8%, followed by ovarian cysts / ovarian remnant with 26.4% and cystic endometrial hyperplasia with 22.4%, followed in lesser proportion by uterine collection with a 16.7% and uterine mass, pathologies of uterine stump and ovarian mass represented with 2.7% each one. Likewise, a strong relationship between these pathologies was established with reproductive status, finding most of them in not neutered bitches, it was observed that they occurred more frequently in bitches over 5 years old, and an association with weight could not be determined.