Factual Events Research Articles

Pelatihan Pembuatan Video Dokumenter di Desa Bandung Kecamatan Banjar Kabupaten Pandeglang Banten Indonesia

Documentaries have traditionally served as a means to effectively communicate complex concepts and information in a concise and more accessible manner. Documentary films have a dual purpose: to provide information about factual events and also function as a means to advertise products or brands. This outreach activity focuses on increasing the capacity and abilities of MSME actors in Bandung Village, Banjar District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten. The goal is to help them effectively use technology to create engaging documentaries that can increase sales and marketing efforts through online platforms. Furthermore, the capabilities and expertise of MSME actors in Bandung Village, Banjar District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten, cover the entire production process, including pre-production, production and post-production.

Criticism and fiction: An autofiction experience. Serge Doubrovsky and Raymond Federman

The article looks at the origins of the concept of autofiction and compares S. Doubrovsky’s and R. Federman’s theories, emphasising the influence of American criticism on the concept’s development. Although often referred to as a hybrid genre first emerging in France in the 1970s and combining fictional and factual events, ‘autofiction’ at its inception was understood as a special narrative practice of traumatic self-reflection through the concept of fiction. In Doubrovsky’s critical works, fiction emerges not as a product of imagination but as a psychoanalytical practice of entrusting one’s experiences to writing. In parallel with Doubrovsky, another scholar, the French-American novelist of Jewish descent Raymond Federman, challenges the limitations of the traditional autobiography. His manifesto, Surfiction (1973), reflects on the boundaries between reality and fiction and questions the very possibility of an autobiographical experience representation. Along with Doubrovsky, Federman views autobiographical writing as an attempt to render a not-to-be-represented and traumatic experience.

METHODS OF ASSESSING ECONOMIC SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT

Revaz Gvelesiani 
 E-mail: revaz.gvelesiani@tsu.ge 
 Doctor of Economic Sciences, professor Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 
 Tbilisi, Georgia
 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7398-2824
 
 Givi Bedianashvili 
 E-mail: givi.bedianashvili@tsu.ge 
 Doctor of Economic Sciences, associate professor Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University 
 Tbilisi, Georgia
 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-737X
 Abstract. The starting point for economic policy analysis is the difference between what exists and what should exist. Therefore, opinions (views) about what should be, can be used to assess the observed economic situation and development. Therefore, it is possible to come up with recommendations on how to avoid differences between what exists and what should exist. In reality, we find factual events that any person can check. There are also desirable events that go beyond such a check. It is on the basis of their comparison that the content of both evaluations and recommendations is formed. Normative views express subjective desires, so the result of the evaluation can not be considered "right” or “wrong”. It is possible that the entity (or economic interest group) will consider them acceptable or even reject them. In the context of shaping economic policy, in the process of determining the long-term socio-economic development prospects of the country, it is very important to ensure the Targeted orientation of macroeconomic parameters. In addition, the level of economy and social sphere of a particular country, the state of entrepreneurial activity, and the business environment in general, the peculiarities of cultural characteristics should be taken into account. The systematic representation of the goal complex and its reflection in the process of economic policymaking becomes especially relevant in development emergencies and in conditions of increased uncertainty. Knowledge economics and digital technologies allow the development of a long-term socio-economic strategy with more adequate and better goal orientation.

Selametam Tradition of Wedding Ceremony in Mandungan Hamlet, Bringin Village, Srumbung Subdistrict, Magelang Regency

Every region in Indonesia must have a tradition that is carried out before or after the wedding procession. Many things are behind the differences in traditions in each region, for example, customs that have existed since long ago in each region. One of the traditions that exist in Java, especially in the Magelang Regency area before or before the wedding is selamatan. Selamatan or usually called selametan is a tradition carried out before the wedding day. This tradition has been around for a long time and has become a hereditary custom of the Javanese community, especially in the Magelang Regency area, Central Java. The purpose of writing this scientific essay is to explore and examine the nature of selametan in marriage based on factual events held in Mandungan Hamlet, Bringin Village, Srumbung Subdistrict, Magelang Regency and see the phenomenon based on Urf review. The research method used is fieldwork, observation, and interviews, with a normative juridical approach with Urf theory. The results of this study indicate that the marriage tradition in Bringin Village is very close in upholding the Javanese tradition and culture in the marriage procession, one of the series of ceremonies is the selametan tradition, this is in line with the theory of al-adah muhakkamah which has been going on for dark ancestors.

Analysis of Islamic Law (Urf) on Marriage Traditions in Kenteng Village, Bandungan Sub-District, Semarang District

This research is motivated by the community of Kenteng Village where they often carry out traditions in marriage in the form of pre-mantu stage, mantu stage and post-mantu stage. This is sometimes unique, although sometimes the organisers are overwhelmed. Kenteng Village, Bandungan Subdistrict, still tries to uphold Javanese cultural values in the wedding procession. The purpose of this scientific essay is to explore and examine the nature of the wedding procession based on factual events held in Kenteng Village, Bandungan Subdistrict, Semarang Regency and to examine the phenomenon based on urf review. The research methods used are fieldwork, observation, and interviews. The results of this study indicate that the marriage tradition in Kenteng Village from an urf perspective is permissible because it is considered a wedding gift from the groom's party to the bride's party and does not conflict with Islamic law. Therefore, the marriage tradition should be maintained, because there are positive values that are in line with Islamic teachings, namely in the form of helping, a symbol of a woman's obedience to her husband as the head of the household.

The role of prosody in interpreting causality in English discourse.

Previous studies have well established that certain causal connectives encode information about the semantic-pragmatic distinction between different types of causal relations such as CAUSE-CONSEQUENCE versus CLAIM-ARGUMENT relations. These "specialized" causal connectives assist listeners in discerning different types of causality. Additionally, research has demonstrated that utterances expressing CLAIM-ARGUMENT relations exhibit distinct prosodic characteristics compared to utterances expressing CAUSE-CONSEQUENCE relations. However, it remains unknown whether the prosodic characteristics of utterances expressing causality can aid listeners in determining the specific type of causality being conveyed. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigates the impact of the prosody, specifically the prosody of the causal connective so in English, on listeners' interpretation of the type of causality expressed. We conducted a perception experiment employing a forced-choice discourse completion task, where the participants were required to select a continuation for each sound clip they heard. The sound clip consisted of factual events followed by the causal connective so. We found that the odds of listeners choosing subjective continuations over objective continuations increased when the connective so at the end of the sound clip was pronounced with subjective causality prosodic features, such as prolonged duration and a concave f0 contour. This finding suggests that the prosody of the connective so plays a role in conveying subjectivity in causality, guiding listeners in interpreting causal relations. In addition, it is important to note that our data revealed individual variation among listeners in their interpretations of prosodic information related to subjective-objective causality contrast.

Developing Multimodal Literacy in the Business English Reading Class: A Case Study of Students’ Presentation PowerPoint Slides

This study aims to investigate the students’ multimodal literacies by analyzing their presentation PPT slides in Business English reading class in two dimensions of discourse genre and multimodality. It discovers certain preferences and patterns in their multimodal semiotic practice as well as some drawbacks in the meaning-making process. Students tend to adopt visualizing genre over other genres to demonstrate factual events in their PPT presentations. They are inclined to use language and image more frequently than other semiotic modes in their PPT meaning making. Besides, their technology and media literacy needs to be strengthened in searching, criticizing, analyzing online information resources. Eventually it provides teachers with pedagogical scaffolds to teach the viewing and representing of multimodal texts effectively.

The Construction of Customary Law In The Bedolan Tradition in The Wedding Ceremony of Banjararjo People Village, Ayah Subdistrict, Kebumen City Based on Islamic Law

A wedding ceremony is a very important event for Javanese people. In a wedding, there are two receptions held. The activities are organized by the bride's family and the groom's family. Each activity contained in the wedding has a different ceremonial procession. This ceremony sticks to the rule book (pakem), the procedure or implementation of this tradition not only shows the value of beauty but also contains the philosophical meaning of each series of traditional ceremonies. The purpose of writing this scientific essay is to explore and examine the nature of the wedding procession based on factual events held in Banjararjo Village, Ayah Subdistrict, Kebumen Regency and see the phenomenon based on Urf review. The research method used is fieldwork, observation, and interviews, with a normative juridical approach with Urf theory. The results of this study indicate that the marriage tradition in Banjararjo Village is very close in upholding the existence of Javanese traditions and culture in the marriage procession, one of the series of ceremonies is the Bedolan tradition or commonly referred to as Ngunduh Mantu, this is in line with the theory of al-adah muhakkamah which has been going on dark ancestors.

IMAGE OF WARTIME UKRAINE IN THE BRITISH AND AMERICAN MEDIA DISCOURSES

The article centers on the image of wartime Ukraine in media discourses of Great Britain and the USA. The publications, broadcasts and messages concerning Ukraine reveal not only the factual events or phenomena, pertaining to the people of Ukraine or their culture, but also cultural matrices and beliefs that determine how representatives of different countries understand and interpret the world. Media-driven discourses analysed in the article include various outlets that people often choose on the every-day basis: newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the Internet.

Dokumentarisches Erzählen in der deutschsprachigen Prosa vor und nach der Wende des Jahres 1989

This article focuses on documentary narration in literary prose, which is analyzed with regard to its function and poetics using the example of selected texts of GDR protocol literature and German documentary literature of the post-reunification years. The question of what constitutes the peculiarity of documentary literature and what caused its popularity in the pre- and post-reunification period will be explored. Furthermore, selected examples will be used to illustrate how the levels of the factual and the fictional intermingle and complement each other in the individual texts. The texts discussed in this article are narratives that remain close to factual events, but at the same time fictionalize them and therefore cannot be considered completely and unambiguously in either the category of literary fiction or documentary.

The Decrease Of The Character Of Responsibility In Early Chilhood As The Impact Of Online Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic

The application of online learning is a learning method carried out by the Early Childhood Education unit in the Semarang city area during the covid-19 outbreak. This refers to the Information Letter published by the Minister of Education and Culture Number 4 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Education Policies in the Emergency Period for the Spread of the Corona Virus. Since its implementation, several problems have arisen in the implementation process. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, namely photographing the situation that occurs in the field and interpreting it as a factual event with all the backgrounds and goals that arise and then analyzing it through ethnographic theory so that it becomes intact and provides an overview of the solution. The research locations were three schools from 3 different sub-districts in Semarang. The subjects observed consisted of 9 teachers, 45 students, and 45 parents of students selected as representatives of distance learning conditions in Early Childhood Education units. A random sampling technique was used to determine schools and research subjects. This study indicates that 78% of teachers experience learning technology unpreparedness; 87% of students have learning difficulties; 91% of parents do not understand how to provide learning that instills the value of responsibility. This study concludes a learning loss on responsibility character education in distance learning for early childhood in Semarang.

Flouting Maxim Types Found in “Thor Ragnarok” Movie

The focus of this research is the flouting of maxim purposed by Grice (1975) theory of cooperative principle. This focus concerned on the types of flouting maxim with pragmatic as the approach. In doing the flouting the participants conciously or unconciously tend to break the principles and unfulfill the rules in cooperative principle. The purpose of this research was to find out about the types of flouting maxim in the movie. This research used the movie directed by Taika Waititi named “Thor Ragnarok”. This study used qualitative research by Creswell (2013) in collecting the data. The observational method and the non-participatory technique by (Sudaryanto, 2015) was used to collect the data. The pragmatic identity method was used to analyze the data, and the pragmatic competence-in-equalizing technique was used as the research technique. The result of this study revealed that there were 17 data related to the flouting maxims. The frequent type found was the flouting of maxim quantity. As the character tend to give information or contribution as required. The second type found was the flouting of maxim quality with 4 times occurances, where the characters in the movie tend to say something opposite from the factual event. The flouting maxim of relation with 2 times appeareance. And lastly, the flout of maxim manner appeared 3 times in the movie

Character perspective shift sequences and embodiment markers in signed and spoken discourse

AbstractThe aim of this study is to present a distributional portrait of forms of character-perspective sequences as produced by LSQ (Langue des signes québécoise) signers and Quebec French speakers, in relation to corporal and grammatical marking in a set of recorded discourses. Among the forms we examine are grammatical, corporal and rhythm markers. As for the types of character perspective shift examined, we focus on the nature of the event that is being enacted: speech, thought, action or gesture. The dataset employed in the study consists of short, elicited narratives using video sketches as stimuli. Both Deaf signers and French speakers were asked to describe short scenarios that were displayed without any signing or speech. Half of the stimuli were constructed from a series of factual events containing no emphatic reactions or actions, while the other half included emphatic elements. Twenty-four narratives produced by these two groups were transcribed and coded using ELAN to determine the distribution of character perspective shift sequences (CPS) used in terms of presence (duration) and frequency (occurrences). Further markers were also identified in terms of frequency, which was then analyzed with a factorial ANOVA statistical model. The overall finding of this study is that CPS is used in both language groups, despite their varying results in terms of the distribution of frequency and markers.

Analysis Of Judge's Decision Against Substitute Charities In Religious Courts Consider From Islamic Law Commission

The purpose of this study is to analyze the judge's decision in case number: 132/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Gtloviewed from the Compilation of Islamic Law This research uses a normative-empirical legal research type, where an analysis of the written law is carried out with factual events in the field. In this study, the data sources used are primary data consisting of the results of interviews and field observations, the Civil Code, ILC, and judges' decisions related to the issues being discussed; and secondary data (supporting) scientific works, and other sources related to the problems discussed.The results of the study show that first, the substitute heirs proposed by the applicants in case no. 132/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Gtlo from the late. Zubaida Datau may become a substitute heir based on the provisions formulated in the Compilation of Islamic Law (ILC), provided that the plot of land is the property of the late. Saini Datau. However, if the plot of land is the property of the Almh. Kamaria Datau, then the substitute heir proposed by the applicant, must be declared not accepted by the panel of judges at the Gorontalo PA because he is prevented from becoming an heir based on the ILC formulation. Legal considerations of the panel of judges examining case No. 132/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Gtlo, where the case is declared unacceptable, is that it is unclear/fuzzy, no longer voluntary, but a contentious case, because it contains a dispute between the heirs of the deceased's heirs. Kamaria Datau, and the late. Zubaida Datau.

THE PROBLEM OF ASSESSING THE EXPECTED CONSEQUENCES OF ECONOMIC POLICY

The starting point for economic policy analysis is the difference between what exists and what should exist. Therefore, opinions (views) about what should be, can be used to assess the observed economic situation and development. It is possible to come up with recommendations on how to avoid the differences between what exists and what should exist. In reality, we find factual events that any person can check. There are also desirable events that go beyond such a check. It is on the basis of their comparison that the content of both evaluations and recommendations is formed. Normative views express subjective desires, so the result of the evaluation can not be considered "right" or "wrong". It is possible that the entity (or economic interest group) will consider them acceptable or even reject them. As a result of the significant increase in economic uncertainty in modern conditions, the complex presentation of the targeted aspect of economic policy, as well as the substantial improvement of the degree of policy adaptability itself, taking into account the requirements for ensuring the continuity of systemic long-term forecast work, are especially relevant.

افتراض المعدوم كالموجود تأصيلا وتفريعا

This work aims to study the maxim of "presuming non-existent as existent" in light of its applications in both classical and modern Fiqh. It argues that among the prominent features of the sharī‘ah is realism because it deals with every incident and phenomenon and gives a sharī‘ah ruling (ḥukm) about it. Therefore, it gives aḥkām to every real and factual event, likewise, it gives it to a presumptive event, which means giving something a status contrary to its reality, eliminating the hardship and protecting the sharī‘ah-recognized interests. It discusses that the hardship, which occurs in the non-existing of something, may be eliminated by presuming a non-existed thing as existed. It argues that the maxim is recognized by both classical and modern Muslim jurists (fuqahā’), and has numerous applications in various branches of both laws. This study primarily discusses the scope, conditions, and limitations of the maxim and secondly, the practical application of classical and modern Fiqh is discussed, so the scope of this maxim could be understood in a better way.

Negation and uncertainty detection in clinical texts written in Spanish: a deep learning-based approach.

Detecting negation and uncertainty is crucial for medical text mining applications; otherwise, extracted information can be incorrectly identified as real or factual events. Although several approaches have been proposed to detect negation and uncertainty in clinical texts, most efforts have focused on the English language. Most proposals developed for Spanish have focused mainly on negation detection and do not deal with uncertainty. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based approach for both negation and uncertainty detection in clinical texts written in Spanish. The proposed approach explores two deep learning methods to achieve this goal: (i) Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory with a Conditional Random Field layer (BiLSTM-CRF) and (ii) Bidirectional Encoder Representation for Transformers (BERT). The approach was evaluated using NUBES and IULA, two public corpora for the Spanish language. The results obtained showed an F-score of 92% and 80% in the scope recognition task for negation and uncertainty, respectively. We also present the results of a validation process conducted using a real-life annotated dataset from clinical notes belonging to cancer patients. The proposed approach shows the feasibility of deep learning-based methods to detect negation and uncertainty in Spanish clinical texts. Experiments also highlighted that this approach improves performance in the scope recognition task compared to other proposals in the biomedical domain.

VIRTUAL HISTORIOGRAPHY: OPENING HISTORY TOWARD THE FUTURE

ABSTRACTThis article deals with the conceptual tools of a virtual historiography. This is what I call a historiography that goes beyond factual events to consider the possible alternative interpretations of the course of history without entering the field of counterfactual history. In contrast to counterfactual history, which asks what else could have happened, virtual historiography asks how the past would be seen if it had led to another future. For such a historiographical project, the article offers a set of conceptual tools that allow possible alternative courses of events in the past and present to be brought to the attention of contemporary historians: the concept of time figures for presenting a typology of the temporal directions of historical change (part 1); the concept of the future as a generator of time figures (part 2); the concepts of past futures for developments alternative to the factual course of history and of future pasts for visions of the present state of affairs seen from a future point of view (part 3). In part 4, I outline the significance of these concepts for a virtual historiography, and in part 5, I draw conclusions for the political use and the scale of time implicit in such a design of history.

Adélaïde et moi: La Nouvelle-Orléans 1850–2011, une fresque romancée par Daniel Dujardin-Sadowy

Reviewed by: Adélaïde et moi: La Nouvelle-Orléans 1850–2011, une fresque romancée par Daniel Dujardin-Sadowy Sharon L. Fairchild Dujardin-Sadowy, Daniel. Adélaïde et moi: La Nouvelle-Orléans 1850–2011, une fresque romancée. L’Harmattan, 2021 ISBN 978-2-343-14495-5. Pp. 286. Recounting the life experience of a young French woman, Adélaïde Mallard, who emigrated to the United States in the mid-nineteenth century at the age of twenty-two, this work is the result of research done by her great great-granddaughter, Françoise D. The text is presented in the first-person voices of the two women in alternating chapters, with the larger part of the narrative expressing Adélaïde’s point of view. Based entirely on factual events and real individuals, the story is nevertheless fictionalized in its representation of certain activities as well as in the thoughts, opinions, and emotions of these individuals. This presents some confusion in categorizing and understanding the work. For example, some events that are presumed to have taken place are entirely invented, while others are confirmed to have occurred through journal entries, newspaper clippings, etc. Consequently, the reader cannot distinguish which aspects come from concrete sources and which are purely fictitious. The author acknowledges that the work is a “fresque romancée,” indicating his intentions. Despite these caveats, the text surges with life and drama revealing the realities of this tumultuous period in the history of the United States and New Orleans. As a major port and center of the cotton and sugar industries, New Orleans’s complex society consisted of wealthy plantation and slave owners, agents who imported and exported goods, and a mix of American and European settlers trying to improve their lives in the bustling city. Adélaïde was taken in by her uncle, Prudent Mallard, a prosperous furniture importer and cabinetmaker, whose elegant products furnished the most famous plantation mansions. During the first three years of her life there, Adélaïde enjoyed a whirlwind, carefree life, during which time she met her husband, Eugène Delaroche. Also a French immigrant, he had traveled to the United States to join the new settlement of Castroville, west of San Antonio, Texas. Adélaïde’s romantic dreams of living in the United States gradually disappeared as she suffered the harsh circumstances of life in New Orleans. The years following her marriage were marked by upheaval and tragedy as rampant yellow fever epidemics, fires, political turmoil, and the Civil War impacted her family. Since France had abolished slavery in 1848, French citizens were forbidden from participating in its trade and in the Civil War. French immigrants such as Adélaïde’s husband, who joined the Louisiana Militia and fought with the Confederate army, were forced to make difficult choices. The aftermath of the war led to a deteriorating situation that ultimately forced Adélaïde’s family to return to France in 1869. Representing the quest of Françoise D. to understand the lives and choices made by her ancestors, this book is of interest to others because of the intimate view it provides not only of this family but also of thousands of immigrants who settled in the United States during challenging times. [End Page 229] Sharon L. Fairchild Texas Christian University, emerita Copyright © 2022 American Association of Teachers of French

MAESTRO CONDENADO, DISCÍPULO INDIGNADO. LA IMAGEN DE PEDRO ABELARDO Y LA EXASPERADA DEFENSA DE BERENGARIO DE POITIERS

It is well known that Peter Abelard, the most famous master of the 12 th century, knew how to drive mad not only his laic colleagues of urban schools, but also important ecclesiastical leaders. This is confirmed by the two Councils in which Abelard was condemned: Soissons (1121), and Sens (1141). Since the end of the 19 th century, rivers of ink have flowed concerning both factual events and grudges, envies, and even the murder conspiracies perpetrated against Abelard. If to this troubling scenario is added the very little reproduction of their works in the years after his death, and the lack of explicit mentions of Abelard’s doctrine done by other medieval authors, it might seem that his image and his ideas are today much better appreciated than they really were in his own time. Nevertheless, it is not the case. We have lots of statements proving Abelard’s reputation in the scholar life of the 12 th century. It is not casual that even nowadays medievalists keep referring to him as the Magister par excellence. Then, this paper is dedicated to the passions that Abelard, as master, inflamed among his students. It is divided into two parts. The first one consists in a succinct revision of four particularly suggestive testimonies about his days as a teacher; the second part is focused on an “outraged disciple”, Berenger of Poitiers, and his Apologia Berengarii Pictauensis contra sanctum Bernardum Claraeuallensem abbatem et alios qui condemnauerunt Petrum Abaelardum .