FACTS Controllers Research Articles

Installation of UPFC for enhancing overall performance of electrical power system

Stability of any power system is a major issue for secure operation of the system. The stability of power system is concerned with the behavior of synchronous generators following disturbances. Transmission system in competitive market refers to over loading of transmission lines or transformers due to market settlement. Thus there is a need of enhancing transmission capability of the network. FACTS controllers have the capability of controlling power flow by means of controlling line parameters, voltage injection at some of the angle. In the proposed work optimal location for installation of FACTS device is obtained using NN and the amount of voltage and angle to be injected in the system using UPFC is calculated using Bees algorithm. The method is tested on IEEE 26 bus system but it is general in nature and can be applied to any power system. The results exhibit the performance of the method in maintaining the system stability and АТС enhancement.

Coordination of FACTS controllers for damping improvement in power system

Coordination of FACTS controllers for damping improvement in power system

Power Quality Improvement Using Multi-level Inverter based DVR and DSTATCOM Using Neuro-fuzzy Controller

STATCOM is one of the shunt type FACTS controllers which can supply reactive power and improve bus voltage. STATCOM, a controlling device used on alternating current transmission networks, has advantages like transient free switching and smooth variation of reactive power. This paper proposes a cascaded multilevel inverter type DSTATCOM and DVR to compensate voltage sag in utilities in power distribution network. The proposed DSTATCOM is implemented using multilevel topology with isolated dc energy storage and reduced number of switches. A DVR injects a voltage in series with the system voltage and a D-STATCOM implant a current into the system to correct the voltage sag, swell and interruption. The phase shifter PWM technique is described to generate firing pulse to cascaded inverter. The proposed neuro-fuzzy controller follow itself to the sag and provides effective means of mitigation. The voltage sag with the minimum harmonic at the efficacy end. The proposed technique is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink.

Technical comparison of FACTS controllers in parallel connection

The Static VAR Compensator (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) have the ability to provide dynamic compensation to a transmission system. Their speed of response enable increased transient stability margins, voltage support enhancement, and damping of low frequency oscillations. The main operational objective of both FACTS devices is to increase power transmission capability by voltage control at the point of connection of the power network. In this research both controllers are compared by their most important features, such as the following: the performance VI and VQ curves, the response time, the physical size, the cost and behavior in steady-state and transient stability. Results show a small advantage of the STATCOM.

REVIEW ON SECURE AND DYNAMIC MULTI-KEYWORD RANKED SEARCH SCHEME OVER ENCRYPTED CLOUD DATA

Present days growing popularity of cloud computing, the data owners are outsource their data to cloud servers for prominent convenience and reduced cost in facts control. However, sensitive information need to be encrypted before outsourcing for privacy requirements, which obsoletes statistics usage like key-word-primarily based record retrieval. In this paper we resolve the trouble of multi-keyword ranked search over encrypted cloud data (MRSE) which simultaneously supports dynamic update operations like deletion and insertion of files sensible information inside the cloud computing concept. As an end result, allowing an encrypted cloud. In view of the huge variety of information customers and files within the cloud, it's far vital to allow several key phrases inside the seek call for and go back files inside the order in their applicable to these key phrases. comparable mechanism on searchable encryption makes centre on unmarried key-word seek or Boolean keyword search, and infrequently type the quest effects. within the middle of numerous multi-key-word semantics, determining the properly-prepared similarity measure of “coordinate matching,” it way that as many fits as feasible, to seize the suitable data documents to the hunt query. in particular, we recall “internal product similarity” and additionally we construct tree-based totally index shape, every file is hooked up with a binary vector as a sub index where each bit symbolize whether matching keyword is contained within the file. The Ranked result presents pinnacle ok retrieval results. Additionally we advise an alert machine which will generate alerts whilst un-legal user attempts to get right of entry to the information from cloud, the alert will generate inside the shape of mail and message. And the ElGamal Cryptosystem allow customers to occupy inside the rating whilst the recognition of computing work is completed on the server facet via method handiest on cipher textual content which leads information leakage and statistics safety is confident.

A Novel Strategy for Reduction of Distribution System Losses using UPFC

Objective: Reduction of distribution system losses is of great significance in the present times. FACTS controller is discussed as the chosen system for this. Method: The isolated salutation loop and multiple loop with the same structures are taken range for comparison analysis. By nullified line voltage rotation, many schemes have been evaluated to achieves minimize of loss. Current flowing through the loop algorithm sustainable compression is made over label. Finding: It’s formed that UPFC injection is necessary distribution loss to minimum for many loss minimization. Radial analysis are found to be single. Finally loss minimization using UPFC is implemented in simulation node. Application: Many areas of applications is in impression phenomenon.

Optimal Location of TCSC using Newton Raphson Method for Power Flow Analysis

With the increase in development of power networks, the economical operation of power system has become a concern. The maximum capability of power systems can be exploited by means of FACTS devices. Currently, development of power electronics switches causes reduction in the cost of FACTS and therefore application of FACTS devices especially in distribution networks is more economical. But economic considerations limit the installation of FACTS controller in all of the buses or the lines. There are several methods for finding optimal locations of FACTS devices in power systems. In this paper power flow analysis using Newton Raphson method has been proposed to determine optimal location of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) in a system. The paper concentrates on the development of the power flow software package using MATLAB and the steady-state modeling of the series FACTS devices TCSC. The configuration of a typical TCSC from a steady-state perspective is the fixed capacitor with a thyristor controlled reactor (TCR). The effect of TCSC on the network can be modeled as a controllable reactance inserted in the related transmission line. The TCSC modeling equations illustrate how the flexibility of the software environment in use allows the easy combination of different objective functions, different sets of variables and different formulations of functions. Case studies demonstrate the operating regions of the series FACTS devices and their effectiveness in increasing the MW power transferability of a particular network.

Integrating FACTS controllers in unbalanced distribution systems to restore the balanced operation using ANN

Integrating FACTS controllers in unbalanced distribution systems to restore the balanced operation using ANN

Implementation of Extended Kalman Filter Based Dynamic State Estimation on SMIB System Incorporating UPFC Dynamics

Power system state estimation holds great relevance with increasing concern about system reliability and security now-a-days. There is an added dimensionality in the concept and underlying techniques used in power system state estimation; from static to dynamic and inclusion of important system components like FACTS. This paper is an attempt to review the state of the art of power system state estimation. A detailed discussion on widely used extension of Kalman filter i.e. Extended Kalman Filter is provided. This paper also discusses how incorporating FACTS controller, in particular UPFC affects the process of state estimation. In contrast to steady-state modeling of UPFC; dynamic model of UPFC is discussed. It is incorporated into an SMIB system and results for EKF based dynamic estimation are presented.

Optimal Location and Setting of FACTS Devices for Reactive Power Compensation Using Harmony Search Algorithm

Reactive Power Compensation (RPC) is an important issue in the operation and control of power system. In this paper, two FACTS controller like Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) are considered for RPC. RPC is a multi-objective nonlinear optimization problem that minimizes the bus voltage deviation and real power loss. In this work, Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) is used to determine the optimal location and setting of SVC and TCSC respectively. The efficacy of HSA is demonstrated on modified IEEE 30 bus power system for two operating conditions. A comparison of simulation results reveals the effectiveness of proposed algorithm over other well established population based optimization technique like Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA),Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE).

DPFC Performance with the Comparison of PI and ANN Controller

<p>Modern power systems demand the active control of power flow and for this purpose Power flow controlling devices (PFCDs) are required. Distributed FACTS Controller (DPFC) is a part of FACTS family. DPFC offers equal control ability same as UPFC, comprising the adjustment of the internal angle of the machine and bus voltage includes line impedance. In addition to UPFC a new device evolved known as DPFC in which common DC link is eliminated that enables the exclusive working between the two converters which are shunt and the series. The Distributed-FACTS (D- FACTS) idea is adopt in the series converter scheme. The replacement of the high rating three phase series converter with the multiple low rating single phase converters results in cost reduction and increases reliability greatly. The useful power transfer between the two converters which are shunt and series through common dc link in UPFC where as in DPFC in this the required power is transferred in the transmission line with three times of natural fundamental frequency. Where as in the new device no need of large voltage separation between the line and PFC Device is no requirement of high voltage isolation between because D-FACTS converters which are 1-ᴓ floating device with respect to the ground. Accordingly, In this paper we bring out the DPFC performance differences with different control techniques which are PI and Artificial Neural Network Controllers and bring with conclusion that ANN is a better control strategy compared to PI.</p>

Comparison of Five Level and Seven Level Inverter Based Static Compensator System

<p>The STATCOM is one of the shunt type FACTS controllers which can supply reactive power and improve bus voltage. STATCOM has advantages like transient free switching and smooth variation of reactive power. This paper deals with the comparison of five level and seven level based STATCOM systems. Usually DC output from the PV source is amplified using a single boost converter. The output of the boost converter is applied to the multilevel inverter system. The ability of STATCOM to improve the receiving end voltage is analyzed using the proposed boost converter. The performance of five level and seven level STATCOM systems are compared in terms of THD and receiving end voltage</p>

Effectiveness of Fuzzy Logic-based FACTS Controller and Classical Controller in Enhancement of Power System Dynamic Stability – A Comparative Study

Performances of Fuzzy Logic based impedance types FACTS controllers and classical controllers in damping power system oscillations have been studied and their effectiveness have been compared. Different FACTS devices are considered, namely (i) Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), (ii) Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPS) (iii) Static VAR Compensators (SVC), and their combinations. Mamdani type fuzzy inference system is used. PSS, Lead-Lag and proportional type classical controllers have been considered. Performances of the controller have been demonstrated through time domain simulation studies. Simulation results have been compared and conclusions have been drawn. Results show that the Fuzzy Logic controllers have excellent and comparatively better potential in damping power system oscillations.

IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF WIND TURBINE EQUIPPED WITH DFIG USING STATCOM BASED ON INPUT-OUTPUT FEEDBACK LINEARIZATION CONTROLLER

Using the FACTS controllers, such as static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), as it provides continuous reactive power, in the grid including wind turbine (WT) equipped with doubly fed induction generator, for improving voltage profile (under normal circumstances) and providing a transition ability from inductor generator transition state has been proposed. In this paper, in order to control the controllers and explained goals, nonlinear controller, as a substitute for the traditional controller, is presented. Replacing STATCOM controller in wind farm, which is equipped with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) using input-output feedback linearization controller, the needed reactive power in order to stable wind farm equipped with DFIG is considered when error is occurred. The proposed control method has been simulated for IEEE-9 Bus, bus No 5, and the achievability to the desired targets in STATCOM efficiency for its reactive power has been investigated. The reasons of using these controllers in bus 5 are voltage dropping and reducing reactive power in this bus. It can be seen by compensating for voltage and reactive power in this bus that these two parameters have improved in other buses. The results show that with the proposed controller, STATCOM has done its duty well and the network bus voltage and reactive power to sustain the wind farm equipped with DFIG in transient mode is provided.

Investigation of Impact of FACTS Controller in Transmission Line Network

Investigation of Impact of FACTS Controller in Transmission Line Network

Optimal setting of FACTS devices for voltage stability improvement using PSO adaptive GSA hybrid algorithm

This paper presents a novel technique for optimizing the FACTS devices, so as to maintain the voltage stability in the power transmission systems. Here, the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and the adaptive gravitational search algorithm (GSA) technique are proposed for improving the voltage stability of the power transmission systems. In the proposed approach, the PSO algorithm is used for optimizing the gravitational constant and to improve the searching performance of the GSA. Using the proposed technique, the optimal settings of the FACTS devices are determined. The proposed algorithm is an effective method for finding out the optimal location and the sizing of the FACTS controllers. The optimal locations and the power ratings of the FACTS devices are determined based on the voltage collapse rating as well as the power loss of the system. Here, two FACTS devices are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, namely, the unified power flow controller (UPFC) and the interline power flow controller (IPFC). The Newton–Raphson load flow study is used for analyzing the power flow in the transmission system. From the power flow analysis, bus voltages, active power, reactive power, and power loss of the transmission systems are determined. Then, the voltage stability is enhanced while satisfying a given set of operating and physical constraints. The proposed technique is implemented in the MATLAB platform and consequently, its performance is evaluated and compared with the existing GA based GSA hybrid technique. The performance of the proposed technique is tested with the benchmark system of IEEE 30 bus using two FACTS devices such as, the UPFC and the IPFC.

Voltage Stabilization of a Wind Turbine with STATCOM Using Intelligent Control Techniques

Application of FACTS controller called Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOM to improve the performance of power grid with Wind System is investigated. The essential feature of the STATCOM is that it has the ability to absorb or inject fastly reactive power with power grid. Therefore the voltage regulation of the power grid with STATCOM FACTS device is achieved. Moreover restoring the stability of the wind system at suddenly step up or down in wind speed is obtained with STATCOM. This paper describes a complete simulation of voltage regulation of a wind system using STATCOM. Conventional control technique as proportional plus integral controller , and intelligent techniques as FLC and ANFIS are used in this work. The control technique is performed using MATLAB package software. The dynamic response of uncontrolled system is also investigated under wide range of disturbances. The voltage regulation by using STATCOM whose output is varied so as to maintain or control output voltage in the system. The dynamic response of controlled system is shown and comparison between the uncontrolled system and the controlled system is described to assure the validity of the proposed controller. Also comparison between the proposed control methods scheme is presented. To validate the powerful of the STATCOM FACTS controllers, the studied power system is simulated and subjected to different severe disturbances. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM controller in terms of fast damping the power system oscillations and restoring the power system stability and voltage.

Enhance Voltage Stability using Intelligent Techniques with the Aid of Facts Controller

Enhance Voltage Stability using Intelligent Techniques with the Aid of Facts Controller

Neuro-Fuzzy Based Interline Power Flow Controller for Real Time Power Flow Control in Multiline Power System

This article investigates the power quality enhancement in power system using one of the most famous series converter based FACTS controller like IPFC (Interline Power Flow Controller) in Power Injection Model (PIM). The parameters of PIM are derived with help of the Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm. In general, a sample test power system without FACTs devices has generated more reactive power, decreased real power, more harmonics, small power factor and poor dynamic performance under line and load variations. In order to improve the real power, compensating the reactive power, proficient power factor and excellent load voltage regulation in the sample test power system, an IPFC is designed. The D-Q technique is utilized here to derive the reference current of the converter and its D.C link capacitor voltage is regulated. Also, the reference voltage of the inverter is arrived by park transformation technique and its load voltage is controlled. Here, a sample 230 KV test power system is taken for study. Further as the conventional PI controllers are designed at one nominal operating point they are not competent to respond satisfactorily in dynamic operating conditions. This can be circumvented by a Fuzzy and Neural network based IPFC and its detailed Simulink model is developed using MATLAB and the overall performance analysis is carried out under different operating state of affairs.

Comparison and Performance Analysis of FACTs Controller in System Stability

In large inter connected power systems, inter-area oscillations are turned to be a severe problem. Hence inter-area oscillations cause severe problems like damage to generators, reduce the power transfer capability of transmission lines, increase wear and tear on network components, increase line losses etc. This paper is to maintain the stability of system by damping inter-area oscillations. Implementation of new equipment consists of high power electronics based technologies such as FACTs and proper controller design has become an essential to provide better damping performance than Power System Stabilizer (PSS). With development of Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS), remote signals have become as feedback signals to design Wide Area Damping Controller (WADC) for FACTs devices. In this work, POD is applied to both SVC and SSSC. Simulation studies are carried out in Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) environment to evaluate the effectiveness of the FACTs controller in a large area power system. Results show that extensive analysis of FACTs controller for improving stability of system.