Factory Production Research Articles

IMPROVING ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS IN MEULABOH STATE VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 3 WITH LIQUID DISH WASHER SOAP MAKING TRAINING

Liquid dishwashing soap is a liquid solution that contains surfactants that function to remove dirt, grease, and food residue from the surface of eating utensils such as plates, glasses, etc. The need for liquid dishwashing soap is increasing because it is easier to use, cleaner, and more hygienic. Currently, many basic ingredients for making liquid dishwashing soap are sold on the market, so people can make their own so that it is more economical and easier to obtain. This activity aims to improve the entrepreneurial spirit of vocational school students so that they can produce dishwashing soap products and market them through schools so that they can produce independent students after completing their schooling at vocational school by selling the liquid dishwashing soap products to the market or surrounding housewives. The training method for making dish soap products is the Production Based Training (PBT) method, a learning model that emphasizes direct practice and production. In this training, students will use materials and work tools in a simulated environment. This method is also carried out using theory classes, practical demonstrations, and guided exercises. In this training, liquid dishwashing soap was directly made using the necessary ingredients such as Texapon, Email Needle, Natrium Chloride (NaCl), Anti-Bacterial, Perfume Seeds, liquid/powder dye, and Mineral Water. This training process produces approximately 20 liters of liquid dishwashing soap. Apart from that, this dishwashing soap also has quite a large economic value so it can be a solution to improve the community's economy at a lower price compared to the price of factory production which is already sold on the market. This training can provide enthusiasm and stimulate entrepreneurship to vocational high school students.

Dynamic regulation and enhancement of synthetic network for efficient biosynthesis of monoterpenoid α-pinene in yeast cell factory.

Pinene is a plant volatile monoterpenoid which is used in the fragrance, pesticide, and biofuel industries. Although α-pinene has been synthesized in microbial cell factories, the low synthesis efficiency has thus far limited its production. In this study, the cell growth and α-pinene production of the engineered yeast were decoupled by a dynamic regulation strategy, resulting in a 101.1-fold increase in α-pinene production compared to the control. By enhancing the mevalonate pathway and expanding the cytosolic acetyl-CoA pool, α-pinene production was further increased. Overexpression of the transporter Sge1 resulted in a redistribution of global gene transcription, leading to an increased flux of α-pinene synthesis. By optimizing the aeration flow rate in 3-L bioreactors, the α-pinene production reached 1.8 g/L, which is the highest reported α-pinene production in cell factories. Our research provides insights and fundamentals for the efficient synthesis of monoterpenoids in microbial cell factories.

Influence of processed tea waste ash on the hydration products and mechanical property of hybrid cement as an eco-friendly solution

The waste generated during production in tea factories is increasing with the growth of the world population. Storage of tea waste creates problems in terms of location and environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the usability of tea waste ash in hybrid concrete to re-introduce tea waste into the economy and turn it into a useful material in the construction industry. Therefore, processed tea waste ash (PTWA) was first burned in an uncontrolled and then burned in a controlled combustion process at 650 °C. In the hybrid cement design, ground blast furnace slag was kept constant at 50 %, and PTWA was replaced with ordinary Portland cement at 0 %, 1.25 %, 2.5 %, 3.75 %, 5 %, 7.5 %, and 10 % by weight of the total binder (GBFS + OPC + PTWA). Experiments for pastes and mortars were performed for 2, 7, 28, and 90 days. Mineralogical properties (XRD, FTIR, TGA/DTA) of the paste samples were analyzed. Mechanical tests (compressive strength, initial/final setting time, flow table, leaching) were carried out on mortar samples. The results revealed that initial and final setting times (up to 10 min and 60 min, respectively) decreased significantly as the amount of PTWA substitution increased. The performance of the mortars with PTWA was observed to diminish compared to the reference for each cure age. It was determined that PTWA affected the reduction of portlandite, and this was observed most in mixtures containing 10 % PTWA. It is believed that using PTWA together with GBFS as an alkaline activator will be beneficial to the environment.

Transcriptome-Wide Identification of miRNAs and Their Targets During Riboflavin-Promoted Dormancy Release in Lilium ‘Siberia’

Dormancy release is an important process for improving the quality of cut-flower lily production and promoting the factory production of lily bulbs. However, the regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes during the dormancy release of lily remain elusive. Anatomy, transcriptomic, molecular biology, and transient transformation techniques involving subcellular localization were applied in our study. There were significant results showing that 0.1 mM riboflavin promoted dormancy release and floral bud differentiation and influenced the flowering time of the Lilium ‘Siberia’. Moreover, some differentially expressed miRNAs and their targets (miR395-y: LoAPS1, miR529-z: LoSPL14, miR396-y: LoCFDP1, miR1863-z: LoFBA3, miR399-y: LoDIT1, and miR11525-z: Lopgm) were identified and predicted. Exogenous riboflavin may activate primary metabolic processes and promote dormancy release in Lilium ‘Siberia’ bulbs. Furthermore, riboflavin upregulated genes related to the riboflavin pathway, H3K4me3 methylation, dormancy control, and the flowering pathway and downregulated dormancy maintenance genes. Moreover, riboflavin promoted endogenous riboflavin and acetyl-CoA accumulation. LoPurple acid phosphatase17 (LoPAP17), a pivotal gene of the riboflavin metabolism pathway, was subsequently cloned. LoPAP17 was most closely related to the orthologous genes of Acorus calamus, Asparagus officinalis, and Musa acuminata. The LoPAP17 protein was subcellularly located in the nucleus. Our study revealed that miRNAs and their target genes might regulate the primary metabolic pathway, promote the accumulation of endogenous riboflavin and acetyl-CoA, and affect protein acetylation during the riboflavin-promoted release of dormancy and flower bud differentiation in the Lilium Oriental hybrid ‘Siberia’.

Decision support system for determining capital investment value in biodiesel production using the net present value method

Biodiesel is a renewable alternative that is a biofuel for diesel engine/motor applications. It is a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) that is produced from vegetable oil or animal fat and can be renewed. The esterification/ transesterification process results in low CO2/CO2 emissions. Indonesia's energy consumption has increased by 7% annually in recent years, while the global energy consumption has only increased by 2% annually. This condition accelerates the rate of exploitation of fossil resources, including oil, natural gas, and coal, in comparison to the discovery of new reserves (replace reserves ratio). Economic calculations are conducted during the pre-design phase of a biodiesel chemical plant to ascertain the viability of investing in a biodiesel plant. The feasibility of capital investment in a factory production activity is estimated through the use of economic analysis, which involves the evaluation of capital requirements, predicted profits, payback period, taxes imposed, and break-even point. Furthermore, economic analysis is also used to ascertain the profitability of a factory that has been designed. The net present value (NPV) method is employed to develop a decision support system that simplifies the investment calculation process. In the present era of globalization, a company or investor must act promptly to make decisions and take action. The Net Present Value (NPV) method is used to assist in decision-making. The NPV method is a decision-making process that evaluates the feasibility of whether an investment is worthwhile. The value of an asset is determined by the initial purchase price and the time value of money, which are combined to calculate Net Present Value. The investment value of the SPK that has been designed is determined using the NVP procedure.

Optimization of Intelligent Maintenance System in Smart Factory Using State Space Search Algorithm

With the continuous growth of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), the industrial sector has transformed into smart factories, enhancing business competitiveness while aiming for the sustainable development of organizations. Machinery is a critical component and key to the success of production in a smart industrial factory. Minimizing unplanned downtime (UPDT) poses a significant challenge in designing an effective maintenance system. In the era of Industry 4.0, the most widely adopted maintenance frameworks are intelligent maintenance systems (IMSs), which integrate predictive maintenance with computerized systems. IMSs are intelligent tools designed to efficiently plan maintenance cycles for each machine component in a smart factory. This research presents the application of a search algorithm named state space search (SSS) in conjunction with a newly designed IMS, aimed at optimizing maintenance routines by identifying the optimal timing for maintenance cycles. The design began with the development of a new IMS concept that incorporates three key elements: the automation pyramid standard, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) sensors, and a computerized maintenance management system (CMMS). The CMMS collects machine data from the maintenance database, while real-time parameters are gathered via IIoT sensors from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. The new IMS concept provides a summary of the total maintenance cost and the remaining lifetime of the equipment. By integrating with SSS algorithms, the IMS presents optimized maintenance cycle solutions to the maintenance manager, focusing on minimizing costs while maximizing the remaining lifetime of the equipment. Moreover, the SSS algorithms take into account the risks associated with maintenance routines, following factory standards such as failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). This approach is well suited to smart factories and helps to reduce UPDT.

Cell factories for sustainable production of valuable chemicals – the pivotal role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cell factories for sustainable production of valuable chemicals – the pivotal role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Growth, Quality, and Nitrogen Metabolism of Medicago sativa Under Continuous Light from Red-Blue-Green LEDs Responded Better to High Nitrogen Concentrations than Under Red-Blue LEDs.

Alfalfa is a widely grown forage with a high crude protein content. Clarifying the interactions between light quality and nitrogen level on yield and nitrogen metabolism can purposely improve alfalfa productivity in plant factories with artificial light (PFAL). In this study, the growth, quality, and nitrogen metabolism of alfalfa grown in PFAL were investigated using three nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (10, 15, and 20 mM, labeled as N10, N15, and N20) and continuous light (CL) with two light qualities (red-blue and red-blue-green light, labeled as RB-C and RBG-C). The results showed that the adaptation performance of alfalfa to nitrogen concentrations differed under red-blue and red-blue-green CL. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, yield, Chl a + b, Chl a, Chl b, crude protein contents, and NiR activity under the RB-CN15 treatment were significantly higher than RB-CN10 and RB-CN20 treatments. The RB-CN20 treatment showed morphological damage, such as plant dwarfing and leaf chlorosis, and physiological damage, including the accumulation of proline, H2O2, and MDA. However, the difference was that under red-blue-green CL, the leaf area, yield, and Chl a + b, carotenoid, nitrate, and glutamate contents under RBG-CN20 treatment were significantly higher than in the RBG-CN10 and RBG-CN15 treatments. Meanwhile, the contents of soluble sugar, starch, and cysteine were significantly lower. However, the crude protein content reached 21.15 mg·g-1. The fresh yield, dry yield, stomatal conductance, leaf area, plant height, stem diameter, crude protein, GS, and free amino acids of alfalfa were positively correlated with increased green light. In addition, with the increase in nitrogen concentration, photosynthetic capacity, NiR, and GOGAT activities increased, promoting growth and improving feeding value. The growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, carbon, nitrogen substances, and enzyme activities of alfalfa were significantly affected by the interaction between nitrogen concentration and light quality, whereas leaf/stem ratio and DPPH had no effect. In conclusion, RB-CN15 and RBG-CN20 are suitable for the production of alfalfa in PFAL, and green light can increase the threshold for the nitrogen concentration adaptation of alfalfa.

Assessment of Bacterial Contamination in Locally Manufactured Cheese from Selected Factories in Tripoli City

It is now a new tomorrow in the food industry, where food materials are available, but can be exposed to threats from microbial contamination that may affect its quality and safety. This study aimed to evaluate bacterial contamination in local honey from four different factories in Tripoli, Libya. Twelve samples of cheese were collected, three samples from each factory, and were analyzed for microbial contamination. The results showed microbial contamination of the cheese, as the production of the first factory and the third factory had a large bacterial record, especially with Proteus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus Two types of bacteria cause food poisoning.,. In contrast, the second factory showed new production, while the fourth factory showed the presence of bacteria in low levels. These results indicate the importance of adhering to good hygiene practices, pasteurization protocols, and optimal storage conditions in cheese making and food safety. The study also highlights the ongoing need for quality control in monitoring and preventing microbial spoilage. In addition, the standard study emphasizes the importance of Libya Specification 354 of 1992 regarding microbial limits in cheese making and consumer safety.

Research on obstacle recognition method of transmission line in alpine region based on depth camera

Abstract Ice and snow on transmission lines in alpine areas lead to increased tower load and short circuits of transmission lines. Tower collapses and power outages caused by ice have a serious impact on factory production and people’s lives. With the development of robot technology, deicing robots have become an important research direction to solve the icing problem of transmission lines. The deicing robot mainly completes actions such as walking, obstacle crossing, and deicing on the transmission line. In the process of robot walking, accurate identification of obstacles on the transmission line is the basic condition for the deicing robot to complete the deicing work, which provides a basic guarantee for the deicing robot to cross the obstacles. Therefore, in this paper, a visual recognition method based on a depth camera is proposed by combining the obstacle characteristics on the 220 KV high-voltage transmission line.

VdCHS2 Overexpression Enhances Anthocyanin Biosynthesis, Modulates the Composition Ratio, and Increases Antioxidant Activity in Vitis davidii Cells.

Anthocyanins are significant secondary metabolites that are essential for plant growth and development, possessing properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities and cardiovascular protection. They offer significant potential for applications in food, medicine, and cosmetics. However, since anthocyanins are mainly obtained through plant extraction and chemical synthesis, they encounter various challenges, including resource depletion, ecological harm, environmental pollution, and the risk of toxic residuals. To address these issues, this study proposes a plant cell factory approach as a novel alternative solution for anthocyanin acquisition. In this study, the VdCHS2 gene was successfully transformed into spine grape cells, obtaining a high-yield anthocyanin cell line designated as OE1. Investigations of the light spectrum demonstrated that white light promoted spine grape cell growth, while short-wavelength blue light significantly boosted anthocyanin production. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the total anthocyanin content in the OE1 cell line reached 11 mg/g, representing a 60% increase compared to the WT. A total of 54 differentially accumulated metabolites were identified, among which 44 were upregulated. Overexpression of the CHS gene enhanced the expression of downstream genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, resulting in the differential expression of CHI, F3Hb, F3'5'H, DFR4, and LDOX. This led to the differential accumulation of anthocyanin monomers, predominantly consisting of 3-O-glucosides and 3-O-galactosides, thereby causing alterations in anthocyanin levels and composition. Furthermore, the OE1 cell line increased the activity of various antioxidant enzymes, improved the clearance of reactive oxygen species, and reduced the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The subsequent cultivation of the transformed OE1 cell line, in conjunction with cell suspension culture, established a plant cell factory for anthocyanin production, significantly increasing anthocyanin yield while shortening the culture duration. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms through which the VdCHS2 gene influenced anthocyanin accumulation and compositional variations. Additionally, it established a model for a small-scale anthocyanin plant cell factory, thereby providing a theoretical and practical foundation for the targeted synthesis of anthocyanin components and the development and utilization of plant natural products.

Energy management strategy for food Industry amidst the COVID-19 Coronavirus pandemic: yogurt manufacturing plant

This study aims to optimize the energy efficiency of an industrial production factory, using an optimal multi-objective model for electricity management during the COVID-19 pandemic. This tool is a procedure based on the load profile, and measured data at the level of each production chain, such as hourly electricity consumption by industrial equipment, and daily production. These measured data are used to calculate and evaluate two indicators of performance: the first indicator is the specific electricity consumption cost (SECC) which informs about the financial performance. The second is the specific electricity consumption (SEC) that highlights the energy performance of the production process. A case study was carried out on a yogurt manufacturing plant in Algeria. After optimization, SEC is decreased from 0.070 to 0.068 kWh/liter, and SECC is decreased from 7.2 to 6.6 cents US$/liter. In addition, the electricity consumption is reduced at the peak period from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. by 35%. Therefore, the monthly electricity bill is reduced by 4,089 $US/month which represents 10.2 %. It was also recorded that there is a new peak period formed between midday and 5 p.m. due to containment during this period of pandemic in Algeria.

High-level sustainable production of complex phenylethanoid glycosides from glucose through engineered yeast cell factories

Complex phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), such as verbascoside and echinacoside, comprise a vital family of natural products with renowned nutraceutical and pharmaceutical significance. Despite the high demand for these compounds across various industries, traditional plant extraction methods yield insufficient quantities, highlighting the need for alternative production methods. Therefore, this paper reports the successful engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factories for the efficient production of complex PhGs from glucose. First, key pathway enzymes with enhanced catalytic activities in yeast were primarily screened from various verbascoside-producing plants. Second, intermediate osmanthuside B was produced with a titer of 21.5 ± 1.5 mg/L from glucose by overexpressing several enzymes, including glucosyltransferase RrUGT33 from Rhdiola rosea, acyltransferase SiAT, and 1,3-rhamnosyltransferase SiRT from Sesamum indicum, UDP-L-rhamnose synthase AtRHM2, and 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase At4CL1 from Arabidopsis thaliana in a p-coumaric acid-overproducing S. cerevisiae strain. Third, the production of osmanthuside B was further enhanced by increasing the copy number of SiAT and AtRHM2 in genome and diverting L-tyrosine into tyrosol biosynthesis by introducing an aromatic aldehyde synthase PcAAS from Petroselinum crispum with a titer of 320.6 ± 59.3 mg/L. Fourth, the biosynthesis of verbascoside was accomplished by integrating genes CYP98A20 and AtCPR1 into the chromosomes of the osmanthuside B-producing strain, the titer reached 184.7 ± 5.7 mg/L. Furthermore, the overexpression of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (ZWF1) led to significantly enhanced verbascoside production to 230.6 ± 11.8 mg/L. The strains were further engineered to produce echinacoside with a titer of 184.2 ± 11.2 mg/L. Finally, the fed-batch fermentation in a 5-L bioreactor yielded 4497.9 ± 285.2 mg/L of verbascoside or 3617.4 ± 117.4 mg/L of echinacoside. This work provides a crucial foundation for the green, industrial, and sustainable production of verbascoside and echinacoside and sets an initial point for the microbial production of other complex PhG derivatives.

Environmental Impact Minimization Model for Storage Yard of In-Situ Produced PC Components: Comparison of Dung Beetle Algorithm and Improved Dung Beetle Algorithm

If PC components are produced on site under the same conditions, the quality can be secured at least equal to that of factory production. In-situ production can reduce environmental loads by 14.58% or more than factory production, and if the number of PC components produced in-situ is increased, the cost can be reduced by up to 39.4% compared to factory production. Most of the existing studies focus on optimizing the layout of logistics centers, and relatively little attention is paid to the layout of PC parts for in-situ production. PC component yard layout planning for in-situ production can effectively reduce carbon dioxide emissions and improve construction efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an environmental impact minimization model for in-situ production of PC components. As a result of applying the developed model, the optimization of the improved dung beetle optimization algorithm was verified to be efficient by improving the neighboring correlation by 22.79% and reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 18.33% compared to the dung beetle optimization algorithm. The proposed environmental impact minimization model can support the construction, reconstruction, and functional upgrade of logistics centers, contributing to low carbon dioxide in the logistics industry.

Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of natural osmolyte glucosyl glycerol from sucrose and glycerol through Ccw12-based surface display of sucrose phosphorylase

BackgroundYeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely recognised as a versatile chassis for constructing microbial cell factories. However, producing chemicals from toxic, highly concentrated, or cell-impermeable substrates, or chemicals dependent on enzymatic reactions incompatible with the yeast’s intracellular environment, remains challenging. One such chemical is 2-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (glucosyl glycerol, αGG), a natural osmolyte used in the cosmetics and healthcare industries. This compound can be synthesised in a one-enzyme reaction from sucrose and glycerol by Leuconostoc mesenteroides sucrose phosphorylase (SucP), an enzyme which, in a low-water, glycerol-rich, phosphate-free environment, transfers the glucosyl moiety from sucrose to glycerol.ResultsIn this study, we engineered a yeast microbial cell factory for αGG production. For this purpose, we first focused on the abundant yeast GPI-anchored cell wall protein Ccw12 and used our insights to develop a miniature Ccw12-tag, which adds only 1.1 kDa to the enzyme of interest while enabling its covalent attachment to the cell wall. Next, we Ccw12-tagged SucP and expressed it in an invertase-negative strain of yeast S. cerevisiae from the PHO5 promoter, i.e., promoter strongly induced under phosphate-free conditions. Such SucP isoform, covalently C-terminally anchored to the outer cell surface, produced extracellularly 37.3 g l− 1 (146 mM) of αGG in five days, while the underlying chassis metabolised reaction by-products, thereby simplifying downstream processing.ConclusionsThe here-described S. cerevisiae strain, displaying C-terminally anchored sucrose phosphorylase on its cell surface, is the first eukaryotic microbial cell factory capable of a one-step αGG production from the readily available substrates sucrose and glycerol.

Recent advances in bio-based production of organic acids by genetically engineered yeasts

In order to achieve the sustainable development of society and reduce environmental footprint of chemical industry, some cleaner and greener production methods are still needed. Microbial fermentation has shown great potentials for sustainable production of chemicals, which can convert renewable resources into different products under mild conditions. Particularly, organic acids production has become a highly competitive and rapidly developed field, as they show broad applications in food, cosmetic and medical areas. Especially, yeasts have shown many advantages in organic acids production especially at high osmotic pressure or low pH. Accordingly, this review will discuss the latest progress of engineered yeasts as cell factories for organic acids production. Different strategies for improvement of organic acids production will be introduced, and future perspectives will also be proposed.

Robust optimization for integrated production and energy scheduling in low-carbon factories with captive power plants under decision-dependent uncertainty

Low-carbon factories with captive power plants represent a new industrial microgrid paradigm of energy conservation and emission reduction in many countries. However, one of the most common challenges of low-carbon management is the joint regulation of factory production and power plant operations under uncertainty. To meet this challenge, a robust optimization-based integrated production and energy (IPE) scheduling approach is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a two-stage adaptive robust optimization model is established to cover all possible realizations of decision-independent uncertainties (e.g. market demands and output power of renewable sources) and decision-dependent uncertainties (e.g. carbon emission densities depending on the choice of production lines). Secondly, a novel parametric column-and-constraint generation algorithm is utilized to derive robust scheduling schemes. The non-trivial scenarios of decision-dependent uncertainties identified in the subproblem are parametrically characterized based on Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, which can be included in the master problem. Finally, simulations on different cases are conducted to test the rationality and validity of the proposed approach. Compared with the separate scheduling of production and energy, IPE scheduling may increase production and energy costs to ensure the robustness of the resulting schemes. Moreover, the proposed approach can mitigate the impacts of uncertainties on IPE scheduling without significantly increasing the computational complexity.

Streptomyces griseorubens as a microbial cell factory for extracellular uricase production and bioprocess optimization using statistical approach

BackgroundUricase is a bio-drug used to reduce urate accumulation in gout disease. Thus, there is a continuous demand for screening soil samples derived from a variety of different sources in order to isolate a strain that possesses a high potential for producing uricase.MethodsStreptomyces sp. strain NEAE-5 demonstrated a significant capacity for uricase production was identified based on the physiological, morphological and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. Using a Plackett–Burman statistical design, the impact of eighteen process factors on uricase production by Streptomyces griseorubens strain NEAE-5 was investigated. Using central composite design, the most important variables that had a favourable positive impact on uricase production by Streptomyces griseorubens strain NEAE-5 were further optimized.ResultsIt is clear that the morphological and chemotaxonomic features of Streptomyces sp. strain NEAE-5 are typical for the Streptomyces genus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Streptomyces sp. strain NEAE-5 belongs to the genus Streptomyces and closely related to Streptomyces griseorubens which it has a 95–96% identity in 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Accordingly, the strain is proposed to be identified as Streptomyces griseorubens strain NEAE-5. The three factors that had the significant positive impacts on uricase production were uric acid, hypoxanthine, and yeast extract. As a result, the best conditions for achieving the highest experimental uricase production by Streptomyces griseorubens strain NEAE-5 after central composite design were (g/L): uric acid 6.96, glycerol 5, hypoxanthine 5.51, MgSO4.7H2O 0.1, KNO3 2, CaCl2 0.5, K2HPO4 0.5, NaCl 0.5, yeast extract 1.08. In addition, the period of incubation is seven days, pH 7.5 and 37 °C with an inoculum size of 2 mL (105 cfu/mL) /100 mL medium.ConclusionsAfter optimization, the obtained uricase activity was 120.35 U/mL, indicating that the Streptomyces griseorubens strain NEAE-5 is a potent uricase producer and that the statistical approach used for optimization was appropriate.

Construction of Bacillus subtilis chassis strain with enhanced α-amylase expression capability based on CRISPRi screening

Bacillus subtilis has been widely used in the expression of recombinant proteins due to its food safe and powerful secretion characteristic, but the current production level cannot meet the increasing industrial needs. To enhance the production of recombinant protein, we first screened target key genes that are directly or indirectly involved in protein synthesis, using CRISPRi technology targeting the whole genome, with industrial valuable Bacillus stearothermophilus α-amylase as the model protein. Then the screened key genes were combined, yielding a chassis strain that owning enhanced protein expression capability. Following overlaying molecular chaperone GroES/L and peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase PonA, α-amylase activity reached 102,893 U/mL in a 3-L fermenter, the highest level reported till now. Finally, transcriptome analysis showed that the enhanced recombinant expression may be due to more rational allocation of energy and resources. These strategies can be well implicated in engineering other microbial cell factories for higher industrial production.

Production status, economic benefit and environmental impact of lanolin cholesterol

The main pollutants in wool washing wastewater are lanolin and surfactants, which are difficult and expensive to treat. Lanolin, as a natural raw material widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, leather, and other fine chemical fields, has great economic value. The chief aim of this paper is to summarize the development status and indirectly environmental impact of lanolin derivatives, compare the cholesterol content data of lanolin samples commonly used in the world through experimental means, and provide guidance and suggestions for the raw material selection of lanolin cholesterol production plants in the future. The method used in this study is known as nuclear magnetic resonance: the author tests and compares the cholesterol standard sample and other 3 different unprocessed lanolin samples. The research has recorded valuable data about the unprocessed lanolin from Ningxia, China contains the highest amount of cholesterol. Therefore, the result of this study provides feasible advice for the lanolin cholesterol production factories when selecting the production’s raw material; also, the conclusive method of cleaning wool-washing waste water provides instructive idea for the factories that produce lanolin derivatives.