Factory Facilities Research Articles

PERANCANGAN TATA LETAK RELOKASI LANTAI PRODUKSI DENGAN METODE SYSTEMATIC LAYOUT PLANNING, BLOCPLAN, DAN FLAP

In the development of the industrial revolution 4.0, in carrying out production at small, medium, and large levels, there has been a fairly large and significant increase. Factors that influence the goal of successful production are not only about investment, capital, suppliers, machines, skills, and distributors but also one that must be observed is the layout planning and placement of factory facilities. PT. Eworx Indonesia is a company engaged in the processing industry, especially manufacturing in the metal processing sector. PT. Eworx Indonesia intends to relocate the production floor in order to increase production productivity. In this study, the proposed layout design on the new production floor was carried out using the SLP, Blocplan, and FLAP methods. The design is done by collecting direct observation data and interviews with the operator on duty. It was found that the initial layout had problems with operator movement that was not optimal and the placement of several machines and facilities that did not pay attention to material flow resulting in a slowdown in production time. Therefore, in order to get the best layout, a comparison is made on the results of the three alternative layouts with the smallest displacement distance comparison so that the production process will run more optimally. The best proposed layout is the systematic layout planning (SLP) method with the smallest material displacement distance of 147.4 meters and material handling costs Rp. 223,958 per day. Flexsim simulations show this layout can increase production output by 15%-34%.

Quality Assessment of a University-Based Packaged Water Factory

This study carried out an overall assessment of the water factory of Osun State University to check compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices. The study involved the assessment of the water factory facilities and the performance evaluation of the treatment units. Water samples were taken from the source water to the final treatment units and were analysed for some physicochemical and microbiology characteristics. The pH, TDS, and EC were analysed on the site out using the Hanna brand hand-held pH meter, total hardness, calcium, and magnesium were analysed using the titrimetric method, sulphate and nitrate were analysed using turbidimetric and brucine methods respectively while heavy metals were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Microbiological characteristic was carried out using the Membrane filtration technique. The physico-chemical characteristics of the source water are 174, 128.8,57.2,6.31,5.77, 55.08, 1.84 0.017,0.115 mg/L while that of the permeate are 138.8, 98.8, 52.7, 6.4, 5.45, 15.57,1.42, 0.016, and 0.114 mg/L for Total Hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3--, SO42- TDS, K+, Pb2+, and Fe2+, respectively. The pH for the permeate is 6.32, the coliform concentration is between 0-1×105 CFU and the salt water rejection is 87.17%. The water factory complied well with good manufacturing and hygiene practices and the treatment units are functional. There is a need to equip the existing laboratory, perform microbiological analysis routinely and control the pH values.

Proposed Improvement of Facility Layout to Optimize Material Handling Costs with ARC, AAD, ARD Approach at PT. Plating Services

In the industrial world, the planning and layout of factory facilities is very important in realizing efficiency and smoothness in work. Improper layout can make material transfer time ineffective because the distance between stations is too far. PT. Plating services located in Cikarang have poor layout design and facilities where the distance of material handling from the incoming area to the production area and the temporary finish good area to the shipping area is too far to cause the value of Material Handling Costs (OMH) to be expensive. To reduce the value of OMH in the company, research activities were carried out with the approach of Activity Relationship Chart (ARC), Area Allocation Diagram (AAD) and Activity Relationship Diagram (ARD). The results showed that the long distance of material handling and carried out by 2 workers using hand pallet tools caused the cost of OMH to be expensive at Rp 11,647,584.-/month. Therefore, the researcher made a layout proposal to facilitate the movement of raw materials by adding Karakuri Conveyor facilities in the incoming area to production and quality control area to the shipping area. This can reduce the OMH value by 50.6%. Thus, PT. Plating services can improve the efficiency of the production process and optimize the survival or success of work in the long run.

Towards AI-Based Condition Monitoring and Predictive Maintenance for Water Smart Pipes: The SANDMAN Approach

Pipes age and corrosion are the main factors of leakage in water distribution networks. According to the World Resources Institute, European countries will face water problems by 2040. If we take Italy as an example, more than 40% of drinking water was lost in 2020 due to leaky aqueducts. Decrepit pipes can lead to environmental concerns, economical losses, and potential public health problems if water gets contaminated. Localizing leakage positions in an accurate way is often a big challenge. On the other side, replacing decrepit pipes is not an easy task and usually costly. An optimal solution to deal with water leakage is to use smart pipes where appropriate sensors monitoring the conditions of the pipes are incorporated in. Digitalization plays a crucial role here. By providing accurate information about the pipes, and use artificial intelligence techniques for data analysis, potential leakages and their corresponding positions can be detected in time, which allows to schedule a maintenance task as soon as possible. The current paper discusses the use of smart pipes combined with predictive maintenance and shows how this combination improves water leakage detection, hence minimizing water waste, and protecting the environment. The solution was validated in an experimental setup put in place by the Italian company EKSO s.r.l in its factory facilities in Rozallo, Italy. The obtained results show the feasibility of the solution and the relevance of using artificial intelligence techniques for predicting degradation in smart pipes.

Layout Design of Copra Factory Facilities in Small and Medium Industry Centers Using Systematic Layout Planning Method

This research was conducted on the layout of copra processing facilities. Copra is one of the products to be produced by the Small and Medium Industry Center in the Meranti Islands. The purpose of designing the layout of this copra factory facility is to provide a proposal in the form of a copra processing facility layout with the shortest material handling distance. The methods used in this study are Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) and Arena Simulation. The result of the SLP method is in the form of alternative layout proposals, which will be checked with a simulation model. This Arena simulation is carried out to see whether the production process of the resulting layout is good or not by implementing it into a conceptual model in the Arena software, which is then tested to see the disruptions that exist in the production process, such as the accumulation of raw materials at one of the stations (bottleneck). Based on data processing results, one alternative layout was selected with a material handling distance of 26.33 m from 3 existing alternatives. This selection is based on the smallest material handling distance obtained. Furthermore, testing the layout with the Arena software simulation model found that there was a disruption in the production process in the form of a buildup of raw materials at the smoking and drying station caused by the manual drying process using the scorching heat of the sun so that it takes 4-5 days for the drying process.

Belle II status and prospects for studies of neutral currents

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric electron-positron collider is a substantial upgrade of the B factory facility at the Japanese KEK laboratory. Belle II collected a sample of 362 fb-1 at the Υ(4S) resonance between 2019 and 2022, with a maximum peak luminosity of 4.7 × 1034 cm-2 s -1. Belle II is currently facing a long shutdown period, required for several upgrades of the detector and the collider. Data taking will resume at the end of 2023. We report the recent measurements which involve neutral current transitions in B meson decays. In particular, we present the current status and future prospects for the branching fractions measurements of the radiative decays B → K*γ and the fully inclusive B → Xsγ, the search for B + → K + νν̅ decays, the measurement of the branching fractions of B → J/ψ(→ℓℓ)K and B → K * ℓℓ. Finally, we show the perspectives of the search for B → K * ττ and the searches of lepton flavor violating channels B → K (*) ℓℓ', with ℓ = e, μ, τ.

The Belle II experiment: Status and prospects

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB energy asymmetric e^{+}e^{-}e+e− collider is a substantial upgrade of the B factory facility at the Japanese KEK laboratory. The design luminosity of the machine is 6\times10^{35}6×1035cm^{-2}s^{-1}cm−2s−1 and the Belle II experiment aims to record 50 ab^{-1}ab−1 of data, a factor of 50 more than its predecessor. With this data set, Belle II will be able to measure the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix, the matrix elements and their phases, with unprecedented precision and explore flavor physics with BB, charmed mesons, and \tauτ leptons. Belle II has also a unique capability to search for low-mass dark matter and low-mass mediators. In this paper, we will review the status of the Belle II detector, SuperKEKB accelerator and the prospects for physics at Belle II.

PERENCANAAN DESAIN STRUKTUR BFR TOWER MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE SAP2000

Chandra Asri Petrochemical is still continuing to build factory facilities to support increased production, such as the construction of a Bag Film Roll Production Plant so that the production and packaging of plastic raw materials can increase so that the productivity of the materials and materials produced can increase. The purpose of this study is to plan the structural design of the BFR Tower, make a steel structure design plan starting from the initial stages such as collecting data, determining the design load, making preliminary designs of the steel structure dimensional profiles. The data is then analyzed using computer software so that analysis results can be obtained which can determine whether the structural design is safe to use or not. The results of the calculation of the SAP2000 program analysis, the highest stress ratio value produced due to the working load is 0.556 <1, so the planned structural design is safe to withstand the working load. As well as for the largest deflection result on the column of 15,298 it is still below the required value h/500, for the largest deflection result on the beam of 6.02 it is still below the required value L/240. It can be concluded that the planned structural design is safe and strong to carry the working load.

화재통계 분석을 통한 화재안전지수 개선방안

Recently , the fire safety index of Daejeon Metropolitan City continues to remain low, so research on ways to improve the fire safety index is needed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest ways to improve the fire safety index of Daejeon Metropolitan City based on the analysis of fire occurrence statistics in Daejeon Metropolitan City over the past five years. Firstly, as a way to improve the fire safety index, the number of deaths from dwelling fires should be reduced and residential fire fighting equipment should be installed to detect dwelling fires in advance. Secondly, explosion accidents at factory facilities should be prevented, and fires caused by cigarette butts should be prevented. Furthermore, preventive measures against electric fires should be implemented, and experiential fire safety education and training must be conducted continuously. Finally, information activities are needed for effective fire prevention.

Recent results from Belle II

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB energy-asymmetric e+e− collider is a substantial upgrade of the B factory facility at the Japanese KEK laboratory. The design luminosity of the machine is 6⋅1035cm−2s−1 and the Belle II experiment aims to ultimately record 50ab−1 of data, a factor of 50 more than its predecessor. With this data set, Belle II will be able to measure the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements with unprecedented precision and explore flavor physics with B and D mesons, and τ leptons. Belle II has also a unique capability to search for low-mass dark matter and low-mass mediators. In this work, I will review the latest results from Belle II.

Analysis of a hazardous factory explosion accident

Factory explosion accidents not only cause damages of factory facilities and equipment, or casualties usually, but also cause fire disaster due to various reasons, resulting in larger losses. After the occurrence of accidents, timely, accurate, and efficient response is an urgent need to protect the safety of people's lives and property. A hazardous Factory Explosion accident in North China in 2019 was taken as an example by this paper. It conducts research from four aspects, including the basic situation of the accident, the handling of the explosion accident, and the analysis of the cause of explosion accident. The useful advice and efficient disposal methods of accidents, the enhancement of disaster prevention and disaster relief capabilities, and the formation of a long-term mechanism to ensure the safety of people’s lives and property are expounded in this paper, in order to provide a reference for similar accident management.

The Core Industry Manufacturing Process of Electronics Assembly Based on Smart Manufacturing

This research takes a case study approach to show the development of a diverse adoption and product strategy distinct from the core manufacturing industry process. It explains the development status in all aspects of smart manufacturing, via the example of ceramic circuit board manufacturing and electronic assembly, and outlines future smart manufacturing plans and processes. The research proposed two experiments using artificial intelligence and deep learning to demonstrate the problems and solutions regarding methods in manufacturing and factory facilities, respectively. In the first experiment, a Bayesian network inference is used to find the cause of the problem of metal residues between electronic circuits through key process and quality correlations. In the second experiment, a convolutional neural network is used to identify false defects that were overinspected during automatic optical inspection. This improves the manufacturing process by enhancing the yield rate and reducing cost. The contributions of the study built in circuit board production. Smart manufacturing, with the application of a Bayesian network to an Internet of Things setup, has addressed the problem of residue and redundant conductors on the edge of the ceramic circuit board pattern, and has improved and prevented leakage and high-frequency interference. The convolutional neural network and deep learning were used to improve the accuracy of the automatic optical inspection system, reduce the current manual review ratio, save labor costs, and provide defect classification as a reference for preprocess improvement.

Industry 5.0: transition to a sustainable and human-oriented industry

The article addresses the main trends in the development of world industry within the framework of Industry 4.0 and the new Industry 5.0. The main prerequisites for the emergence of the Industry 5.0 concept are studied, in particular, extensive digitization and the dynamic development of technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, which has led to the certain dehumanization of industry and has increased the interest of the scientific community in the aspects of industrial humanization, human-centeredness of industry, stability, sustainability, and resilience. The main principles and trends of the development of Industry 5.0, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, geopolitical crises, and disruptions of the global value chains on the condition and prospects for the development of world industry, new rules and requirements for global product manufacturers, technological innovations, and production trends are studied. The author identifies directions for expanding the concept of Industry 4.0 to include humanization, sustainability, and resilience. The rapid development of new technologies often outpaces the ability of organizations to align their development priorities with it and effectively take advantage of new opportunities, which leads to the need to navigate the changing business environment in time and develop a relevant development strategy. With so many technological changes, changing workforce demands, and social and regulatory priorities, there is a need to define guiding principles to help set the course for the digital industry. Industry 5.0 has become the basis for revising the future of energy, manufacturing, and mobility of supply chains, which rest on the foundations laid by Industry 4.0. The weaknesses of the Industry 4.0 concept, especially in terms of the role of a human in "smart" production and ensuring sustainable development are outlined. Accordingly, the expediency of further research and implementation of the Industry 5.0 concept is substantiated. On the basis of the conducted research on the implementation of Industry 5.0 and the world trends of industrial development, the author justifies the feasibility of reorienting production and business activities to human-centeredness as a new norm, strengthening sustainability, in particular, careful planning of stabilization measures in case of disruption of the global value chains – from factory facilities to network supplier, to transport channels, to regulatory and geopolitical changes, ensuring sustainability with manufacturers rethinking their impact on natural resources in connection with the expansion of the regulatory and legislative framework and investors' attention to reducing carbon emissions and negative impact on the environment.

Radioactive Ion Beam Production at the Gamma Factory

AbstractA very intense γ beam of the Gamma Factory facility proposed at CERN can be used to generate radioactive ion beams (RIBs) with high production yields and study the structure of exotic neutron‐rich nuclei. The radioactive nuclides are generated via photo‐fission in several actinide targets and thermalized in high‐purity cryogenic helium, filling a gas cell which is enclosing the targets. Electric fields are used to extract heavy ions and form RIBs which can be send to various selection and measurement stations. Estimates for the production and extraction yields of exotic neutron‐rich nuclei with such a setup are provided. A study of the impact of space charge, build‐up inside the gas cell, on the extraction properties is presented and it is demonstrated that the beam needs to be chopped for achieving optimal extraction yields.

Wave function of a photon produced in the resonant scattering of twisted light by relativistic ions

We present a theoretical investigation of the resonant elastic scattering of twisted light, carrying angular momentum, by partially stripped ions. Special emphasis is placed on a question of whether the scattered radiation is also twisted. In order to investigate such an "angular momentum transfer", we develop an approach that allows us to find a quantum state of the final photon without projecting it onto a detector state. A general expression for this so--called \textit{evolved} state of outgoing radiation is derived and it can be used to analyze the resonant scattering by any ion, independently of its shell structure. Here, we illustrate our approach with the strong electric dipole $n S_{0} \to n' P_{1} \to n S_{0}$ transitions, which play an important role for the Gamma Factory project at CERN. For the incident Bessel light, the scattered radiation is shown to be in a superposition of twisted modes with the projections of the total angular momentum $m_f = 0, \pm 1$. The larger values of $m_f$ can be efficiently generated by inducing transitions of higher multiplicity. This angular momentum transfer, together with a remarkable cross section that is many orders of magnitude larger than that of the backward Compton scattering, makes the resonant photon scattering an effective tool for the production of twisted x-- and even gamma--rays at the Gamma Factory facility.

Evaluasi Pemanfaatan dan Kepuasan Fasilitas Rantai Dingin dan SPDN di PPP Bacan Kabupaten Hlmahera Selatan

Based on information from fishermen and fish entrepreneurs, about 95.5% of the catch landed in the Bacan fishing port is stored in the air blast freezer (ABF) which is targeted for regional and exportsmarkets, while the remaining 4.5% is sold locally. The actual condition shows that the ABF has limited capacity. Furthermore, the need for ice blocks and diesel fuel (BBM) cannot be full filed as the ice factory and fuel station (SPDN) inside the port was not able to meet the current demand. As a result, fishermen have to buy from outside fishing port .In order to improve the port service, development program supported by scientific investigation on existing port performance is required. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the level of utilization and satisfaction of users of cold chain facilities and SPDN in PPP Bacan. The research was conducted at PPP Bacan, South Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province, from August to September. Data were collected within 2 weeks, from 5 to 19 September 2020. The results showed that the utilization rate of ice factory facilities, ABF, and SPDN had exceeded the optimal limit, while the cold stroge was not optimal. All stakeholders (skippers, fishermen, and fish buyers) expressed their dissatisfaction with the service of the ice factory facilities, ABF, and SPDN, while the cold storage facilities were very satisfied.
 Keywords: Evaluation, utilization, satisfaction, cold chain, coast fishing port, Bacan.

Comparative study on Headless Shell-On (HLSO) Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) processing under on board and land based factory facilities

Shrimps is one of the main export commodities of the country and earns about more than 40 crores 47 lac US $in 2017. Black Tiger (BT) shrimp alone contributes about 67 % to the total shrimp export per year. Aquaculture shrimps are being processed in the land-based processing plant while wild catch is being processed onboard (fishing vessels) in the Bay of Bengal. A study was conducted to compare the yield and economic loss/gain of headless shell-on (HLSO) shrimp during processing by labor and crews at onboard (sea) and land based (land) factories. A total of twelve samples were examined; six for land and six for sea that was designated as “P” and “V”, respectively. After beheading to produce HLSO, individual shrimp weight was measured. The average weight of an individual BT was 50.25 ± 4.174 g for V and 51.13 ±3.66 g for P. Average yield from individual shrimp was 1.19 g higher in P compared to V. Found 23.10 g less production from 1 kg BT in V compare to P which is statistically significant (P=0.057). Our estimated results indicated that one vessel got 649.89 Kg less product valued BDT 1,381,016 compare to land based processing plants due to processing by crews on board. Whole scenario predicts that more economic loss if we consider for 37 shrimp trawlers in operation.
 Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(2): 393-398, 2020

사이버 물리 시스템의 보안을 위한 동형암호 소개

As attack strategies towards networks and digital controllers of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) develop, it has become difficult to ensure the security of physical plants such as factory facilities and power plants. Accordingly, encryption schemes have been adopted to enhance the security of CPSs, and among them, HE (Homomorphic Encryption) enables homomorphic operations between messages in encrypted state. Due to this nature of HE, there have been several approaches to encrypting controllers of CPSs. An encrypted controller refers to a controller which operates on entirely encrypted data including its states, parameters, and plant output, returning an encrypted control input. In this paper, we survey the properties and classification of HE and presents the advantages of encrypting controllers through HE. Moreover, we introduce various HE schemes such as Paillier cryptosystem, LWE-based scheme, and the cutting-edge scheme called HEAAN. Then, few examples of applying these schemes to control systems are introduced.

A Case Study on Implementation of 5S in a Manufacturing Plant to Improve Operational Effectiveness

5S is one of the important industrial engineering techniques to obtain workplace organization and efficiency enhancement. This paper reports a case study on implementation of 5S in a factory facility of a valve manufacturing company. The aim behind implementing 5S is to improve the productivity and efficiency by reducing the factory chaos, reducing the tool and material search time, and arranging the workplace for a better visibility of the machines, equipment, and items. Audit checklists, workplace pictures, and time study have been used to analyse the effect of 5S implementation. A strategic 5S implementation in this work resulted in much better workplace organization; improved visibility, appearance, and orderliness of objects; and significant reduction in the time to search or access tools.

Determination of beta-delayed neutron emission probability limits of rhodium isotopes by gamma-ray spectroscopy

The decay of five neutron-heavy rhodium isotopes were studied at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) Facility at the RIKEN Nishina Center after relativistic fission of 238U beam on a thick beryllium target. Previously unknown associated gamma-ray decay energies are reported for each nuclide, and through evaluating the intensity of the 2+ → 0+ E2 transition in the even-even palladium daughter nuclei, 120,122,124Pd, from the beta-tagged gamma-ray spectra an upper or lower limit of beta-delayed neutron emission is deduced for each nuclei. A general, expected trend of increasing Pn is observed in the direction of the neutron drip line.