Abstract
As attack strategies towards networks and digital controllers of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) develop, it has become difficult to ensure the security of physical plants such as factory facilities and power plants. Accordingly, encryption schemes have been adopted to enhance the security of CPSs, and among them, HE (Homomorphic Encryption) enables homomorphic operations between messages in encrypted state. Due to this nature of HE, there have been several approaches to encrypting controllers of CPSs. An encrypted controller refers to a controller which operates on entirely encrypted data including its states, parameters, and plant output, returning an encrypted control input. In this paper, we survey the properties and classification of HE and presents the advantages of encrypting controllers through HE. Moreover, we introduce various HE schemes such as Paillier cryptosystem, LWE-based scheme, and the cutting-edge scheme called HEAAN. Then, few examples of applying these schemes to control systems are introduced.
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