Intimate Partner Violence Factors Research Articles

Exploring key risk factors of intimate partner violence among chinese college students

The global trend of violence in interpersonal disputes amongst couples is alarming. The literature reveals a need to identify factors that are associated with intimate partner violence (IPV). The identification of factors associated with IPV provide opportunity to develop strategies to minimise the cycle of violence. In our study site, Hong Kong, a predominant patriarchal society may be conducive to the overrepresentation of female victims of IPV. In a traditional Chinese society, women are particularly vulnerable to a range of risk factors associated with IPV. To explore such vulnerability, we examine how key risk and protective factors affect IPV tendency among young people who have grown up in a Chinese patriarchal society. An online questionnaire with six social and psychological scales was employed. Variables include: (i) trust; (ii) values and beliefs; (iii) history of abuse; (iv) stress; (v) acceptance of restorative justice philosophy; and (vi) IPV tendency. Our findings highlight gender differences with regard to values and beliefs towards gender equality and IPV tendency and confirm correlations exist between literature-informed explanatory risk and protective factors and IPV tendency.

Risk factors for intimate partner violence and abuse among adolescents and young adults: findings from a UK population-based cohort

Background: Approximately one-third of young people in the UK have suffered intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) on reaching adulthood. We need interventions to prevent IPVA in this population, but there is a lack of evidence on who is at greatest risk. Methods: We analysed questionnaire data from 3,279 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children population-based birth cohort. We estimated the prevalence of IPVA victimisation and perpetration by age 21, by sex, demographic, parenting, mental health, externalising behaviour (e.g. smoking), educational, employment, and adverse childhood factors. Results: Overall, 29% of males and 41% of females reported IPVA victimisation, with 20% and 25% reporting perpetration, respectively (16% and 22% both). The most common sub-type was emotional, followed by physical, then sexual. History of self-harm, anti-social behaviour, cannabis or illicit (non-cannabis) drug use among boys and girls was associated with a two-fold increase in likelihood of IPVA (victimisation or perpetration). Males reporting risky sexual behaviour, sexual abuse (not by an intimate partner), or witnessing domestic violence, and females reporting sexual minority status in adolescence were also twice as likely to experience IPVA. Extreme parental monitoring during adolescence was associated with a reduced risk of IPVA in males and females, as was not being in education, employment, or training for young adult men. Conclusions: A range of demographic, mental health, and behavioural factors were associated with increased prevalence of IPVA victimisation or perpetration. Further study of likely complex pathways from these factors to IPVA, to inform primary prevention, is needed.

Prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence among Chinese immigrant women.

To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence among Chinese immigrant women residing in the USA. A cross-sectional study using the online survey approach. A total of 475 Chinese immigrant women were recruited online between April-June 2019. We measured past year intimate partner violence, sociodemographic, relationship-related and immigration-related factors, religion, social support, acculturation, adverse childhood experiences, and gender role beliefs. Twenty-one percent of Chinese immigrant women experienced past year intimate partner violence. Younger age, cohabiting relationship, lower levels of relationship satisfaction and social support, older age at arrival, longer length of stay, religious belief, and adverse childhood experiences were associated with the occurrence of intimate partner violence. Chinese immigrant women experience higher rates of intimate partner violence compared with other populations of women. Future research is still needed to elucidate abused Chinese immigrant women's violence experiences, help-seeking behaviours, availability of resources and needs for services to tailor prevention and intervention programs culturally. The findings added to our understanding of intimate partner violence among this largest Asian immigrant group. Modifiable risk factors such as social support should be targeted in future preventions and interventions for abused Chinese immigrant women residing in the USA.

IPV Characteristics, Childhood Violence, and Adversities as Risk Factors for Being Victimized in Multiple IPV Relationships.

Empirical knowledge regarding risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) from multiple partners (MP) is scarce and sought by clinicians and many women themselves for the prevention of future intimate partner violence relationships (IPVRs). Quantitative data were obtained through a structured interview with a stratified sample of help-seeking women (N = 154) with no (n = 48, 0IPVR), one (n = 55, 1IPVR), or multiple (n = 51, 2IPVR) IPVRs. This study investigated the association between (a) childhood family violence, (b) other childhood adversities, (c) victimization and perpetration of IPV in the last (index) relationship, and (d) controlling sociodemographic and contextual variables, and the following dependent variables: (a) women with 1IPVR and 2IPVR compared with 0IPVR and (b) women with 1IPVR compared with 2IPVR. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that, compared with nonvictimized women, IPV victimized women were nearly three times more likely to report childhood sexual abuse. They also reported a higher frequency of peer victimization and a higher likelihood of having an immigrant partner. In addition, the length of the index relationship was shorter for IPV victimized women. Compared with women with 1IPVR, women with IPV by MP were more likely to report childhood emotional abuse and less education, and they were less likely to be immigrants. The two groups of IPV victimized women were indistinguishable regarding characteristics of victimization and perpetration of IPV. This study indicated that there were other risk factors for IPV by MP than for IPV in general and highlighted the importance of addressing parenting and emotional care in IPV families.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Intimate Partner Violence among Indian Women: A Secondary Data Analysis of NFHS-4

Background: During the last few decades, violence towards women in general, and intimate partner violence (IPV) in particular, is increasingly being acknowledged as a violation of basic human rights and it is recognized as the consequential barricade of the empowerment of women. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with IPV. Methodology: This study used a nationally representative data collected through NFHS-4 (2015-2016). In total 66013 ever married women aged 15-49 were analysed. Multiple logistic regression model was used to quantify the factors associated with IPV. Result: The prevalence of women ever confronting IPV in India was 29.5 per cent. It was also found that less severe violence was most prevalent accounting for 27.5% whereas severe violence was 8.2 percent. Prevalence of IPV was higher among women who were uneducated, in the middle age group, who had older partners, from rural background; those with uneducated partners, who themselves and their partners drink alcohol, who are unemployed themselves and have unemployed partners, poorest compared to richest, who justify wife beating compared to who do not, who had witnessed their father beating their mother compared to who did not and all these factors were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Prevalence of IPV in India is considerably lower compared to other developing countries. Factors like alcohol consumption of partner, education level of respondents as well as partners, past exposure to violence, justified wife beating and wealth index which are linked to IPV which need to be tackled to bring down the prevalence of IPV.

High rate of partner violence during pregnancy in eastern Ethiopia: Findings from a facility-based study.

Intimate partner violence during pregnancy can contribute to maternal mortality and morbidity by limiting women's ability to receive maternal health services including antenatal care and skilled delivery care. In Ethiopia, evidence regarding intimate partner violence during pregnancy is limited, and no previous studies have been conducted in the Harari region. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of intimate partner violence during pregnancy among women who had given birth in public hospitals in Harari regional state, eastern Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 among women who had given birth in public hospitals in Harari regional state, East Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling method was employed to select 648 participants. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered standardized questionnaire based on the World Health Organization Multi-Country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women survey. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with respective confidence intervals were computed. Variables with a p-value of ≤0.05 were considered to have a significant association with intimate partner violence during pregnancy. The prevalence of intimate partner violence during the most recent pregnancy was found to be 39.81%. Furthermore, the prevalence of physical, emotional and sexual violence were found to be 25.93%, 25.62% and 3.7%, respectively. Longer duration of marriage (adjusted odds ratio = 1.68, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-2.79), most recent pregnancy being unplanned (adjusted odds ratio = 1.55, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-2.34), experiencing controlling behaviour by a partner, (adjusted odds ratio = 2.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.46-3.40) and having an attitude that justifies intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio = 1.60, 95% confidence interval = 1.09-2.36) were associated with experiencing intimate partner violence. The prevalence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy was found to be high. Pregnancy monitoring programs, which can detect and intervene with regard to partner's controlling behaviors and women's perception regarding justification of intimate partner violence, especially in those women with an unplanned pregnancy, could help to reduce intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Further, changing social norms that condone violence through advocacy and awareness creation might help in preventing partner violence.

Prevalence and associated factors of intimate partner violence among elderly Mexican women

Using information from the National Survey on Household Relationship Dynamics (Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares 2016), this study examines the prevalence and factors associated with emotional, physical, and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among a representative sample of elderly Mexican women (n=7,410), using an ecological approach. Prevalence rates and related risk factors for IPV among younger women served as a basis for comparison and were contrasted with data from elderly female participants. Results show that 16.3% of women aged 64 and over had experienced some form of intimate partner violence during the previous year, with emotional violence as the most commonly occurring form. Furthermore, there was a significantly lower prevalence of emotional and sexual IPV among elderly women than among younger women. Some risk factors for IPV victimization were similar across both groups of women, mainly individuals' personal histories and immediate social context. On the other hand, differences were found regarding factors related to the broader social context. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed, specifically with regards to their usefulness in violence prevention and response programs.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy in Eastern Ethiopia.

BackgroundIntimate partner violence is a major public health problem and a gross violation of human rights. The consequences of this violation are severe during pregnancy as the fetus/newborn could also be affected negatively. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intimate partner violence during pregnancy (IPVP) in Eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 3015 postpartum mothers in Eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected using the WHO Violence Against Women questionnaire. Factors associated with IPVP were assessed by a log-binomial regression model using Stata version 14.ResultsThe overall prevalence of IPVP was 30.5% (95% CI: 28.8, 32.1); the prevalence for psychological violence was 24.4% (95% CI: 22.9, 26.0), physical violence was 11.9% (95% CI: 10.8, 13.2) and sexual violence was 11.0% (95% CI: 9.9, 12.2). About 95% of acts of sexual violence were in the form of forced sex. In multivariable analysis, women's education was associated with a decreased prevalence of all forms of IPVP. Previous experience of infant loss and not drinking alcohol were associated with lower prevalence of all IPVP types, except for the physical form. Working for cash and having medium household decision-making autonomy increased the prevalence of all forms of IPVP. Being older, living in an extended family, husband’s/partner’s habitual khat chewing and discordant pregnancy intentions increased the prevalence ratio (PR) of all forms of IPVP, except for sexual violence. Compared to being urban, being rural decreased the PR of sexual IPVP by 59% (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]=0.41; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.60) and psychological IPVP by 32% (APR=0.68; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.87). Husband's/partner's support for antenatal care use decreased the PR of physical IPVP by 56% (APR=0.44; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.78).ConclusionNearly one-third of pregnant women experienced IPVP. The great majority of them were subjected to forced sex by their husband/partner. This calls for urgent attention at all levels of societal organization, requiring stakeholders and policy makers to tackle the situation.

Intimate Partner Violence Among Women Accessing HIV-Care Services at Tertiary Hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria: Implications for Policy and Practice.

Intimate partner violence is both a predisposing factor for and sequelae of HIV infection. It is more likely for HIV-positive women to experience intimate partner violence compared with HIV-negative women. Previous researches have described the other risk factors for intimate partner violence. This cross-sectional study identified the correlates of intimate partner violence among HIV-positive women accessing HIV-care. We interviewed 458 women accessing HIV-care at the three tertiary hospitals in Ogun State, Nigeria. Trained research assistants conducted 10-min structured interviews with validated questionnaires. We carried out descriptive, bivariate, and regression analyses. We used the backward elimination technique to build a model to predict the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) within the preceding 12 months. We set the level of significance at .05. A total of 23 (5.02%) participants reported IPV within the preceding 12 months, while the prevalence of lifetime intimate partner violence was 24.02%. Younger age, the experience of IPV in previous relationships, and having multiple sex partners were related to the experience of IPV within the preceding 12 months (p < .05). Also, the partners' age, alcohol intake, and current smoking status were associated with the experience of IPV within the preceding 12 months (p < .05). After regression analysis, participants' age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.892, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.831, 0.957]), experience of IPV in previous relationship (AOR = 12.841, 95% CI = [4.303, 38.318]), and partners' current smoking status (AOR = 4.874, 95% CI = [1.252, 18.969]) retained association with the experience of IPV within the preceding 12 months. IPV among HIV-positive women accessing HIV-care occurs in a complicated, context-specific way. Routine HIV strategies and services should include interventions that involve men and address gender power imbalances. For effectiveness, specific interventions must consider women's' specific context and characteristics.

Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse (IPVA) Victimisation and Perpetration Among Young Men and Women: Findings from a UK Population-Based Cohort

Background: Approximately one-third of young people in the UK have suffered intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) on reaching adulthood. We need interventions to prevent IPVA in this population, but there is a lack of evidence on who is at greatest risk. Methods: We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children population-based birth cohort. At age 22, 3,279 participants provided information on experiences of IPVA. We estimated the prevalence of IPVA victimisation and perpetration before age 18 and at 18-22 years, for men and women, and by characteristics previously identified as risk factors in other age-groups or non-UK populations: demographic characteristics, extreme parental monitoring, mental health conditions, externalising behaviours (e.g. regular smoking), no-low education/employment, adverse childhood experiences. Findings: 29% of men and 41% of women reported IPVA victimisation respectively, 20% and 25% perpetration (16% and 22% both). The most common IPVA sub-type was emotional, followed by physical, then sexual. Experiencing self-harm, anti-social behaviours, cannabis use, or illicit (non-cannabis) drug use was associated with a two-fold increase in likelihood of IPVA exposure (victimisation or perpetration) in men and women. Men reporting risky sexual behaviour, sexual abuse (not by an intimate partner), or witnessing domestic violence, and women reporting sexual minority status in adolescence were also twice as likely to experience IPVA. High levels of parental monitoring during adolescence was associated with a reduced risk of IPVA exposure in men and women, as was not being in education, employment, or training in young adult men. Interpretation: At least one in three young adults were either victimised or perpetrated IPVA, and a range of demographic, mental health, and behavioural risk factors were associated with increased prevalence. Further study of likely complex pathways from these factors to IPVA, to inform primary prevention, is needed. Funding Statement: Medical Research Council (MR/S002634/1). AF and LDH are funded by MRC personal fellowships (MR/M009351/1, MR/M020894/1). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the ALSPAC Law and Ethics Committee and the Local Research Ethics Committees (proposal B1316). Informed consent for the use of data collected via questionnaires and clinics was obtained from participants following the recommendations of the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee at the time.

Intimate Partner Violence Victimization, Social Support, and Resilience: Effects on the Anxiety Levels of Young Mothers.

Young mothers face considerable challenges that can affect their mental health, with anxiety being one of the most common mental health problems observed in this population. Furthermore, pregnancy is one of the risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV). There is thus an urgent need to explore the IPV risk faced by young mothers and its association with their mental health, anxiety in particular. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between IPV victimization and anxiety in young mothers, as well as the protective effects of social support and resilience. A total of 79 young Chinese mothers aged 16 to 25 were recruited from a special service project for young parents in Hong Kong. Just more than half (50.6%) were found to have experienced psychological aggression by their current partner, with 26.6% and 13.9%, respectively, having experienced physical assault and sexual abuse. Roughly a quarter (25.3%) perceived themselves to suffer from moderate or severe generalized anxiety disorder. Logistic regression further showed the young mothers who had experienced physical assault and/or sexual abuse by their current partners to be at least six times likelier to have moderate or severe anxiety disorder (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.51, p < .05) than those who had experienced no such violence. Young mothers with less perceived social support (aOR = 0.77, p < .01), a lower secondary level of education or below (aOR = 12.99, p < .05), and in receipt of social security assistance (aOR = 5.69, p < .05) were also likelier to have moderate or severe anxiety disorder. The results indicate the importance of social support during the critical period of young motherhood. Health care professionals need to remain alert to the impacts of IPV victimization and the risk of anxiety in young mothers with a low level of education and/or receiving financial support.

Relationship Power Imbalance and Known Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence in Couples Planning to Get Married: A Baseline Analysis of the AMAR Cohort Study.

The increased interest on measuring violence in romantic relationships has led to the identification of some risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) in its different forms. Some of them are often present from the onset of the relationships. However, little attention has been paid to the engagement period. This might be, in part, due to the cognitive dissonance that hinders partners reporting intimate violence when they are planning their wedding. The purpose of our study is to test the association between the individual perception of relationship power imbalance (RPI)-a possible indirect measure of intimate violence-and known predictors of IPV. To test this hypothesis, a total of 254 premarital couples taking part in a dynamic prospective cohort study completed a questionnaire with questions about the perception of RPI and referred predictors of IPV. Results showed a positive correlation between the perception of RPI and known predictors of IPV. These findings suggest that RPI is a powerful indirect measure to detect situations that might imply a mild form of IPV and that could evolve into stronger presentations of violence later in marriage. Noticing the presence of RPI before marriage could encourage the prevention and development of personal and relational strategies to avoid the consolidation of violent dynamics within the marital relationship.

Intimate Partner Violence in Kathmandu Valley: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public health phenomenon. The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence and associated risk factors of intimate partner violence in Kathmandu valley. For this study, the data had come from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2016. Study has confined 162 married women from three districts of Kathmandu valley. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were applied to examine the association between variables. Results found that more than a quarter (27%) women had faced at least one form of violence and education is significant variable for both women and husbands. Therefore, national attention should stand towards education for both women and their husbands to mitigate IPV.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence in the First 6Months Following HIV Diagnosis Among a Population-Based Sample in Rural Uganda.

Research in Uganda examining HIV-positive status disclosure and IPV victimization is scarce, and existing findings may not generalize to community-based samples of men and women newly diagnosed with HIV in Uganda. We investigated the prevalence of lifetime IPV, IPV experienced between HIV diagnosis and 6months following diagnosis (recent IPV), and IPV specifically related to a partner learning one's HIV-positive status among a sample of men and women newly diagnosed with HIV in a population-based study in rural Uganda. We also examined correlates of recent IPV, including HIV-positive status disclosure. The sample included 337 participants followed for 6months after HIV diagnosis. Lifetime IPV findings showed that over half of the sample reported experiencing emotional IPV (62.81% of men, 70.37% of women), followed by physical IPV (21.49% of men, 26.39% of women) then sexual IPV (7.44% of men, 17.59% of women). For recent IPV, men and women reported similar rates of physical (4.63% and 8.29%, respectively) and emotional (19.44% and 25.91%, respectively) IPV. Women were more likely than men to report recent sexual IPV (8.29% vs. 1.85%); however, this relationship was no longer significant after controlling for other risk factors associated with sexual IPV (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI [0.65, 18.42]). Participants who disclosed their HIV-positive status to their partner had 59% lower odds of reporting emotional IPV (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI [0.21, 0.81]) than participants who did not disclose their HIV-positivestatus. Younger age, non-polygamous marriage, lower social support, and greater acceptance for violence against women were also significantly associated with experience of recent IPV. Overall, 12.20% of participants who experienced recent IPV reported that the IPV was related to their partner learning their HIV-positive status. Findings highlight the need for IPV screening and intervention integrated into HIV diagnosis, care, and treatment services.

Prevalence, pattern and factors of intimate partner violence against Saudi women.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and its correlates, amongst currently married Saudi women. A total of 400 currently married females aged 19-65years old who attended the outpatient clinics of PHC centres in Riyadh, from 1 November 2015 to 1 February 2016, were screened for the current and previous experiences with IPV, and its correlates, using the previously validated Arabic version of the WHO multi-country instrument on violence against women. Logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the correlates of IPV. The lifetime overall prevalence of IPV was 44.8%, in the form of; physical (18.5%), emotional (25.5%), sexual (19.2%) and economic (25.3%) violence. Wife's experience of child abuse was significantly associated with physical [OR=3.63, P<0.001], emotional [OR=2.2, P=0.004], sexual [OR=2.42, P=0.006], economic [OR=2.24, P=0.006] and overall IPV [OR=2.76, P<0.001], whilst husband's experience was significantly associated with only the emotional violence [OR=2.4, P=0.004]. Physical violence was significantly more prevalent when the woman lived with other wife in same house. IPV with its all forms was prevalent amongst Saudi women. Child abuse experience and polygamy were significantly associated with IPV. Designing tailored IPV national prevention programmes is a necessity.

Intimate partner violence against women living with and without HIV, and the associated factors in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to measure the prevalence and associated factors of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) among women living with and without HIV in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA comparative cross-sectional study design was used to interview the 816 women between 18–49 years of age (408 = HIV positive, 408 = HIV negative). Using a multistage sampling technique, participants were recruited from nine health facilities based on probability proportional to the number of clients. After data entry (EpiData version 4.4.2.0) the data were exported to STATA/SE 15 software. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis were undertaken and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) are presented.ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of IPV among all women was 59.7%, [95% CI: 56.31%-63.05%]. IPV was slightly higher among women living with HIV, 250(61.3%), than those who were HIV negative, 238(58.1%). Lifetime prevalence of emotional violence 413(50.6%), physical violence 349(42.8%), sexual violence 219(26.8%), and controlling behaviours by husbands/partners 489(59.9%) were reported. Associations were found between IPV and controlling behaviour of husband/partner [AOR = 8.13; 95% CI: 4.93–13.42],income [AOR = 3.97; 95% CI:1.81–8.72], bride price payment [AOR = 3.46; 95% CI:1.74–6.87], women’s decision to refuse sex [AOR = 2.99; 95% CI: 1.39–6.41],age group of women [AOR = 2.86; 95% CI:1.67–4.90], partner’s family choosing wife [AOR = 2.83; 95% CI:1.70–4.69], alcohol consumption by partner [AOR = 2.36;95% CI:1.36–4.10], number of sexual partners [AOR = 2.35; 95% CI:1.36–4.09], and if partner ever physically fought with another man [AOR = 1.83; 95% CI:1.05–3.19].ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of IPV against women both living with and without HIV. Policy priorities should therefore involve males in programs of gender-based violence prevention in order to change their violent behaviour, and interventions are required to improve the economic status of women. Both sexes should be advised to have a single partner and marriage arrangements should be by mutual consent rather than being made by parents.

Does Emotion Regulation Mediate the Relation Between Family-of-Origin Violence and Intimate Partner Violence?

Family-of-origin violence (FOV), including child maltreatment and exposure to interparental violence during childhood, is frequently cited as a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood. Emotion regulation (ER) difficulties have been linked to FOV and to IPV, but research has not identified the role of ER as a mechanism by which past exposure to FOV predicts current IPV. The current study examines whether greater FOV predicts ER difficulties, whether these difficulties can explain/mediate the relationship between FOV and IPV, and whether the process differs according to the gender of parent-child dyads. Emerging adult participants (475 women, 145 men) aged 18 to 30 years, who were in a current romantic relationship lasting at least 3 months, completed measures of past FOV, current difficulties in ER, and IPV perpetrated and experienced in current intimate relationships. ER difficulties mediated the relationship between FOV and current IPV; however, differences among specific types of FOV and gender were noted. Results support an intergenerational transmission of family violence and suggest that parent-child gender dyads influence this process.

The association between caffeinated alcoholic beverages and the perpetration of intimate partner violence

ABSTRACTBackground: Problematic alcohol use is a recognized risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration.Objective: The use of caffeinated alcoholic beverages (CAB) appears to be associated with high-risk drinking behavior but the relationship between CAB use and IPV has yet to be explored.Methods: Sixty male and 40 female married or dating participants responded to an online survey including measures of past-year alcohol use and partner violence.Results: Logistic regression analyses revealed that CAB users were significantly more likely to perpetrate physical assault and partner injury after controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, income, and heavy alcohol use. The relationship between CAB use and perpetration of sexual coercion was better accounted for by heavy alcohol use.Conclusion: Results from the current study suggest that there exists an independent link between CAB use and partner violence perpetration.

TRANSTORNO MENTAL COMUM NÃO PSICÓTICO EM MULHERES VÍTIMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA POR PARCEIRO ÍNTIMO

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health problem of epidemic proportions. IPV involves psychosocial disorders that have a negative impact on victims’ mental health. Objective: To describe the impacts of IPV on women’s mental health, comparing the results with a control group. Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study. Validated questionnaires were used to study and control group. They evaluate common mental health, type of violence, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: No difference between the groups: age (p=0.051); self-declared skin color (p=0.316); years of education (p=0.212); and abortion (p=0.096). With differences: socioeconomic classification (p&lt;0,001); pregnancy (p=0.0013); childbirth (p=0.004), children (p=0.0009), dependents (p=0.0372). Skin color was not a risk factor for IPV (p=0.296) but it was to common mental health (p=0.016). Non-white has 4.25 greater chances to develop common mental health; psychological violence is most frequent (100%), isolated (27.9%) or associated with other types of violence. IPV increases 12.64 times the chance of mental disorder Discussion: IPV predisposes to mental illness with serious consequences. Psychological abuse, the most common type of violence that aims to maintain control over the victim and the physical abuse, used to humiliate and to cause suffer, were the most cited types of violence. Conclusion: IPV is associated with higher rates of common mental health. Non-white skin color was not a risk factor for IPV, but for the development of common mental health.

Differentials and Predictors of IPV against Nigerian Women in Rural and Urban Areas

ABSTRACT Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a reality the average Nigerian woman has to grapple with every day. Various studies have investigated the factors associated with IPV against women, but there has been a paucity of studies undertaken on the comparative analysis of IPV against women in different places of residence in Sub Saharan Africa. Thus, this study examines the comparative prevalence and predictors of physical, sexual, and emotional IPV among women in rural and urban areas in Nigeria. The study employed the 2013 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) data, and the subsample for this study were married women in Nigeria (N = 26,403). The study reveals several factors that associated with IPV cut across rural and urban areas, like the history of abuse and husband alcohol consumption, while several factors of IPV are peculiar to urban areas (like employment status and age predicting physical IPV), and rural areas (like wealth index and religion predicting physical IPV). The study points out the complex nature of IPV among Nigerian women and this implies that the critical health and support structures and policies for IPV victims should account for the residential context that shapes the victims’ socio-demographic status and abusive experiences.