Urban Planning Factors Research Articles

TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT OF LAND USE IN THE REGION: EXPERIENCE OF COASTAL REGIONS OF CHINA

The necessity of ensuring the territorial development of land use is proved. The relevance of substantiating the experience of ensuring the territorial development of land use in the regions of China is determined. The purpose of the study is to determine the theoretical base and research experience in ensuring the territorial development of land use in coastal regions of China. The objectives of the study in the context of achieving the goal are: substantiation of theoretical and methodological approaches to the determination of the territorial development of regional land; identification of the peculiarities of ensuring the territorial development of the territory of land, taking into account the experience of coastal regions of China Given the theoretical basis for determining the territorial development of the use of land in the regions, taking into account the features of the functioning of coastal cities, the territorial development model, where spatial, urban, investment and environmental factors are determined, forms the appropriate quantitative basis and applies modern information systems. The necessity of developing a high-quality innovative technology to ensure the territorial development of the use of land in the regions is explained, it connects system spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental factors, modern methods and models, geographic information tools, which is a geofactorial analysis. The analysis has identified spatial, urban, investment and environmental factors, established criteria for their selection. The model of territorial development is proposed, given the experience of land use in coastal regions of China.

ЛАНДШАФТНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ДЛЯ БЛАГОУСТРОЙСТВА СКВЕРА И ПАРКА НОВОДЕВИЧЬЕГО МОНАСТЫРЯ

In 2024, the five - hundredth anniversary of the outstanding historical and cultural monument of world and Federal significance-the Novodevichy monastery, which is being restored for the anniversary, will be celebrated. The monastery is famous not only for its unique architectural ensemble and famous cemetery, where many outstanding statesmen, military leaders, representatives of science, literature and art are buried, but also for its remarkable natural landscape, artificially transformed in the 16th and 20th centuries. and represented by a public garden on the upper terrace at the approach to the monastery and the lower landscape-regular Park adjacent to the embankment of the Moscow river. The square in front of the entrance to the monastery and the lower Park of the Novodevichy monastery have the status of a cultural heritage site (OKN) of regional significance works of landscape art (SPI). It is shown that the preservation and adaptation of the square and Park to modern use should be methodically and practically linked to the requirements of ensuring the safety of the architectural ensemble. The results of field surveys of Park territories and squares of different years (2016 and 2020) and the experience of their improvement are summarized. The features of natural, historical, cultural, urban planning and landscape factors of the square and Park that affect their restoration and improvement and their role in shaping the perception of the monastery ensemble are considered. The experience of restoration and improvement of the square and Park in recent years is considered. It is recommended to adjust the subject of protection and the boundaries of the object.

Principles of the formation of tourism and recreation complexes (example of Rozhdestveno, Leningrad Oblast, Russia)

The paper presents research materials and analysis of urban planning factors that influenced decision-making in the formation of projects of tourism and recreation complexes in the Leningrad Oblast. The objective of the study was to identify, analyze and generalize the historical and cultural potential of the territory, the totality of factors affecting the development and attraction of people to this territory, and the formation of a rich, comfortable residential and tourist environment.

THE ARCHITECTURAL FORMATION OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE DIFFICULT TERRAIN CONDITIONS

The paper «The architectural formation of preschool educational institutions in the difficult terrain conditions» considers the main tendencies of architectural and planning formation of preschool educational institutions, located on the land lots with a difficult terrain. The dependency features of the different terrain forms on the overall preschool educational institutions formation are characterized. The paper analyzed urban planning factors, which are affecting on the use of land lots with a difficult terrain in the city conditions. Within the framework of the paper the main factors of influence of difficult terrain on the architectural formation of preschool educational institutions are formed, among which the following can be highlighted: the safety factor of a child, the rational usage of accessible territory factor, the factors of peculiarities of children's perception, as well as the current pedagogy tendencies. The author analyzed modern design experience, construction and exploitation of preschool educational institutions, which were built in a difficult terrain conditions. The general architectural and planning decisions in five preschool educational institutions were analyzed and the influence of the terrain features on their formation was educed. The peculiarities of forming a comfortable and safe environment for the educational process in the preschool institutions, built on land lots with a difficult terrain, are described. The paper considers the concept of "flexible" kindergarten, in which the building bypasses and overlaps the objects of the surrounding environment, as the way of placement of preschool educational institutions on the land lots with a difficult terrain and in difficult urban planning conditions.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF THE REGIONAL LANDS USE TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT

The relevance of the research topic is caused by the need to ensure the territorial development of land use at the regional level. In this context, it is necessary to form a quantitative basis for assessing territorial development, which will make decisions in the field of land use and ensure the growth of land use efficiency in the region, considering spatial, urban planning, ecological and investment areas. As a result of the study, a methodological approach to the integrated assessment of the territorial development of land use in the region has been proposed. Its development is based on the application of principles and includes a set of interrelated stages. It was established that the formation of a complex of spatial, urban planning, investment, and ecological factors, which influence the territorial development of land use in the region is carried out on the basis of the analysis and systematization of existing scientific and methodological developments and regulatory support. An algorithm for the development and implementation of a methodological approach to an integrated assessment of the territorial development of land use in the region is proposed. It forms a closed system, which allows to develop and implement a methodological approach by applying of information support, appropriate methods and models to achieve a result on the growth of the integral indicator of land use in the region, considering spatial, urban planning, investment, and ecological characteristics. Based on the developed method, an estimated basis for the territorial development of land use in the region, adoption of justified decisions, regarding the formation and implementation of spatial, urban planning, investment, and ecological areas is created.

Impacts of population growth and land use on air quality. A case study of Tshwane, Rustenburg and Emalahleni, South Africa

ABSTRACT Air quality is affected by the interaction between emission sources and urban planning factors such as land use. Limited empirical studies have been conducted to determine the influence of land use and population growth on air quality in South Africa. Thus, the purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between land use, population growth and air pollution focusing on black carbon (BC), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) pollution in South Africa. Three urban areas; Tshwane, Rustenburg and Emalahleni in South Africa were chosen for this study. We found that the increase in population growth in these areas led directly to the expansion of built-up areas. As a consequence, these led to the increase in BC, CO and SO2 concentrations thus degrading air quality in these areas. Rural-urban migration could be the main reason for the rapid increase in population growth, land expansion and the deterioration in air quality in these areas. This study has shown that there is a close link between, land use, population growth and air quality.

The Transformative Power of Social Innovation in Urban Planning and Local Development

This issue discusses the concept of social innovation (SI) as a potentially transformative factor in urban planning and local development. SI represents an alternative to economic and technology-oriented approaches to urban development, such as that of ‘smart cities’, ‘creative cities’, etc. This is thanks to the emphasis SI puts on human agency and the empowerment of local communities and citizens to be actively involved in transforming their urban environments. Urban planning could benefit greatly from devoting more attention to SI when addressing the diverse urban problems of today, such as social exclusion, urban segregation, citizen participation and integration, or environmental protection, many of them addressed in the articles gathered in this volume.

The influence of urban planning factors on PM2.5 pollution exposure and implications: A case study in China based on remote sensing, LBS, and GIS data

In recent years, haze pollution has become a serious environmental problem affecting cities in China. Reducing PM2.5 concentrations through urban planning is a promising method that has been a focus of recent multidisciplinary research. Most existing studies only analyze the relationship between urban planning factors and PM2.5 concentration, and it is difficult to accurately reflect residents' actual air pollution exposure without considering their space–time behaviors. This study uses satellite remote sensing and location service data to measure PM2.5 pollution exposure in Wuhan metropolitan area and explores the effects of urban spatial structure, land use, spatial form, transportation, and green space on pollution exposure. The results show that spatial structure, building density, road density, and green space coverage have a significant impact on PM2.5 pollution exposure. In addition, this study proposes corresponding implications for urban planning to improve public respiratory health.

Applications of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and analytical network process (ANP) for industrial site selections in Isfahan, Iran

Industrial sites are key factors in urban and regional land use planning. Therefore, determining the location of industrial areas is a critical and complex process for development and success. Industrial site selection aims in identifying the most suitable sites for industry creation, considering a set of influential criteria. Therefore, site selection generally and industrial site selection specifically can be categorised as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem that requires detailed evaluation of various dimensions. This study developed a set of clusters containing 10 selection criteria for industrial site selection in Isfahan metropolitan area, Iran. The relationships between the criteria and clusters were modelled and analysed using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and analytical network process (ANP). AHP and ANP agree in finding distance to water bodies and distance to other industries as the most and least important selection criteria. Four patches have been identified as suitable alternatives for industrial construction. While AHP found Borkhar Patch 1 as the most appropriate alternative, ANP demonstrated the superiority of Ardestan Patch over others. Conducting a sensitivity analysis for the models confirmed both models robustness in industrial site selection decisions.

Noise Pollution and Urban Planning

Noise pollution distribution in each city around the world is necessarily influenced by its own design. A lot of factor associated to urban planning have a considerable effect on volume of traffic, vehicles distribution, traffic conditions, etc. And it is know that, from a temporal and spatial point of view, the most important source of noise in cities is road traffic. For that, good relationships between urban planning and different factors such as urban density, urban morphology, urban land use, street distribution, street environment and green spaces are being founded. In this way, the fact of finding a sustainable city could be closer, at least with respect to noise pollution. A good knowledge of these relationships would allow better prediction, analysis and prevention of such pollution through an effective design of urban environments. However, although in the first decade of XXI century these relationships were treated in some works, only some aspects of these problems were considered, essentially focused on street functionality. In the last years, this topic has reached more important development and more studies focused on the analysis of the relationships between the distributions of pollution and urbanism. This work makes a revision of spatial sampling methodologies for noise pollution assessment in relation with urban planning and a review of studies that have analysed the relationships between urban noise and different specifics aspects of urban design.

Artistic Factor in Modern-Day Urban Planning and Design in Lithuania

AbstractThe issue of city modelling is very essential these days and it is important to analyse the legal framework and its practical implications in the process of city modelling. However, the practice of urban design in Lithuania is based on two-dimensional solutions and the artistic factor is overlooked. The article reviews the legal basis of Lithuanian urban planning and design and their practical implications and emphasizes the necessity of artistic factor during the process of city modelling.

Urbanization impact on landscape patterns in Beijing City, China: A spatial heterogeneity perspective

The temporal and spatial characteristics of landscape pattern change can reflect the spatial impact of urbanization on the ecological environment. Studying the relationship between urbanization and landscape patterns can provide supports for urban ecological management. Previous studies have examined the quantitative relationship between the social economy and landscape patterns of an entire region, but have not considered the spatial non-stability of this relationship. In this study, we characterized the landscape patterns in Beijing City, China during 2000 and 2010 using four landscape metrics, i.e. patch density (PD), edge density (ED), Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI) and the aggregation index (AI). Geographically weighted regression (GWR) was employed to identify the spatial heterogeneity and evolution characteristics of the relationship between the urbanization of population density (POP), gross domestic production (GDP) and nighttime lighting (NTL), and landscape patterns. The evolution of urban landscape patterns indicated a decentralized, aggregated, and fragmented change from the downtown to the suburb and outer suburb. During the 10-year period, the average PD in the downtown increased by 100.6%, and the increase of AI in the suburb was the largest. The PD, ED and SHDI increased by different degrees in the outer suburb. The influences of different urbanization modes on landscape patterns were also different. Infilling mode made the landscape patterns more regular and integrated. The landscape was more broken and complicated under the edge-expanding mode, and the leapfrog mode made PD and SHDI increase slightly. In the relationship interpretation, GWR effectively identified the spatial heterogeneity, and improved the explanatory ability compared to ordinary least squares (OLS). The most intense response to urbanization was the forest landscape and the forest-cultivated land ecotone in the northwest of Beijing City, indicating that this region was ecologically fragile. The population density in the urbanization index had a direct effect on landscape patterns, while the PD affected by urbanization was greater than the shape, aggregation and diversity index. Affected by development policy, urban planning and other factors, the explanation degree of social economy to landscape patterns decreased in 2010. GWR is an effective method for quantifying the spatial differentiation characteristics of urbanization impacts on landscape patterns, which can provide more spatial information and decision criteria for the green development of a compact city.

Identifying Clusters of Complex Urban–Rural Issues as Part of Policy Making Process Using a Network Analysis Approach: A Case Study in Bahía de Los Ángeles, Mexico

Improving human settlements diagnosis is a key factor in effective urban planning and the design of efficient policy making. In this paper, we illustrate how network theory concepts can be applied to reveal the topological structure of functional relationships in a network of heterogeneous urban–rural issues. This mapping is done using clustering algorithms and centrality value techniques. By analyzing emergent groups of urban–rural related issues, our methodology was applied to a rural community, considering in this exercise environmental matters and real estate interests as a way to better understand the structure of salient issues in the context of its urban development program design. Results show clusters that arrange themselves not by an obvious similarity in their constituent components, but by relations observed in urban–rural settings that hint on the issues that the urban development program must focus. Due to its complex nature, the classification of these emerging clusters and how they must be treated in traditional planning instruments is a new challenge that this novel methodology reveals.

Evaluating the effect of compact urban form on air quality in Korea

Air quality is affected by the interplay between emission sources and urban planning factors such as land use, built environment, development pattern, and transportation. Few empirical studies have been conducted to determine the influence of urban form characteristics on air quality in Korea. Thus, the purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between urban form and air pollution, focusing on ozone pollution in Korea. The characteristics of urban form include density, concentration, clustering, and land use mix. In this study, those characteristics were measured by population density, the Theil index, Moran’s I index, G-statistic values, and an entropy index using statistical methods and a geographic information system. We employed a spatial regression model to consider the spatial effects of ozone concentrations. We found that the degree of urban land use mix, clustering, and concentration of development are significantly associated with better air quality by using a spatial lag model, which was found to be the best fit for the data used in this study. However, an increase in population density was found to be associated with exacerbated ozone concentrations. Communities with higher daily temperatures, a large number of cars, and polluting facilities exhibited poor air quality, while those with a larger percentage of residential land use tended to have lower ozone pollution. These findings suggest that, to properly address concerns over air quality, mixed-land use and compact urban form need to be more seriously considered in sustainable urban planning.

Urban effects of the transnational circulation of branded buildings: Comparing two skyscrapers and their context in Barcelona and Doha

The use of brand architecture today is widespread since it is supposed to have broad positive effects such as improving the urban environment, skyline and media visibility. This article examines some of these assumptions by comparing two case studies: Agbar Tower in Poblenou, Barcelona and Doha Tower in the West Bay District in Doha, Qatar. Ateliers Jean Nouvel designed both buildings for hosting similar office functions and for distinguishing the image of the respective cities. The two cities have quite different historic development and urban environment, urban planning and design institutions, which we analyze. Drawing from this evidence, the article criticizes the simplistic assumptions that circulate internationally, calling for a deeper understanding of urban design, planning and policy factors. In particular, if urban actors expect to improve material and immaterial features of a city, they should strengthen relevant urban design and planning procedures, rather than simply investing in brand architecture.

Air quality across a European hotspot: Spatial gradients, seasonality, diurnal cycles and trends in the Veneto region, NE Italy

The Veneto region (NE Italy) lies in the eastern part of the Po Valley, a European hotspot for air pollution. Data for key air pollutants (CO, NO, NO2, O3, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5) measured over 7years (2008/2014) across 43 sites in Veneto were processed to characterise their spatial and temporal patterns and assess the air quality. Nitrogen oxides, PM and ozone are critical pollutants frequently breaching the EC limit and target values. Intersite analysis demonstrates a widespread pollution across the region and shows that primary pollutants (nitrogen oxides, CO, PM) are significantly higher in cities and over the flat lands due to higher anthropogenic pressures. The spatial variation of air pollutants at rural sites was then mapped to depict the gradient of background pollution: nitrogen oxides are higher in the plain area due to the presence of strong diffuse anthropogenic sources, while ozone increases toward the mountains probably due to the higher levels of biogenic ozone-precursors and low NO emissions which are not sufficient to titrate out the photochemical O3. Data-depth classification analysis revealed a poor categorization among urban, traffic and industrial sites: weather and urban planning factors may cause a general homogeneity of air pollution within cities driving this poor classification. Seasonal and diurnal cycles were investigated: the effect of primary sources in populated areas is evident throughout the region and drives similar patterns for most pollutants: road traffic appears the predominant potential source shaping the daily cycles. Trend analysis of experimental data reveals a general decrease of air pollution across the region, which agrees well with changes assessed by emission inventories. This study provides key information on air quality across NE Italy and highlights future research needs and possible developments of the regional monitoring network.

Determining Urban Emotion using a Supervised Learning Approach: A Case Study around Majitar, East

Perception and expectation of citizens is an important factor in urban settlement, planning and management. Hence, there is a need of a participatory citizen centric planning of urban settlement based on spatial data. These perception and expectation may be represented in terms of emotions. Determining Urban Emotions is an approach which can be used to map different types of emotions associated with urbanization. In the recent years, some new methods have been presented for the area of urban and spatial planning, which resulted in a fundamental change of the issues and understanding of urban planning. Geographical information system acts as a key factor for analyzing urban emotions from various types of data. This paper presents the supervised learning approach for determining urban emotions using KNearest Neighbor algorithm.

A Survey on Determining Urban Emotions using Geo-Data Classification: A Case Study around Majitar, East District, Sikkim

Perception and expectation of citizens is an important factor in urban planning, settlement and management. Hence, there is a need of a participatory citizen centric planning of urban settlement based on spatial data. These perception and expectation may be represented in terms of emotions. Determining Urban Emotions is an approach which can be used to map different types of emotions associated with urbanization. In the recent years, some new methods have been presented for the area of urban and spatial planning, resulting in a fundamental change of the understanding of urban planning. Geographical information system acts as a key factor for analyzing urban emotions from various types of data. This paper presents the review of ongoing research on various techniques for determining urban emotions in the recent years.

Effect Analysis of Complex Shopping Mall Component On Malling Experience : Focused on Times Square and D-cube City in Seoul

This study defines malling as a phenomenon of commercial facilities designed with symbolic theme, style, arrangement of pathways and diverse range of tenants to stimulate consumption. An empirical analysis of TIME SQUARE and D-CUBE CITY visitors was conducted using dependent variables; the levels of consumer preferences of tenants, the spatial perception of the facility structure and the impression of the facility atmosphere. The main research methods include factor analysis and multiple regression analysis and the results are summarized as follows: Firstly, fashion retail stores have a significant effect on malling. Other tenants showed variations in respect to the composition of tenants on site. Secondly, comfort and fantasy derived from the impression of the facility has a direct effect on the stay time and emotional consumption. Lastly, with regards to the physical components, positive and negative effects were distinctively displayed according to the architectural style and interior constructions on site. It showed that human factor and landscape facilities have negative effects of malling on both sites. It is expected that results of this study, which comprehensively analyzes the components of shopping mall complex designed by utilizing urban planning factors, will provide implications in urban planning.

Strategic decision support system for utility tunnel’s planning applying A’WOT method

Future sustainable underground strategies will consist of the ability to reduce overcrowding subsurface space in our cities. To this end, utility tunnels become a key factor in urban underground planning. These facilities improve joint-use of urban underground space (UUS) that may contain multiple utilities such as water, sewerage, gas, electrical power, telephone, and central heating in several combinations or in some cases all together. However, implementing these subsurface tunnels is retarded most by first-cost, compatibility, security and liability problems. All these drawbacks should be addressed in early planning stages taking into account the uniqueness of each city. Therefore, expert consensus panels from public and private organizations should determine appropriate policies for developing utility tunnels network. This research work applies A’WOT hybrid method combining SWOT analysis and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to study utility tunnel planning in urban areas. The hybrid method takes account of internal resources and capabilities (strengths and weakness) and external factors (opportunities and threats). SWOT analysis is a structured way to analyze these four factors, while AHP technique achieves pairwise comparisons among factors in order to prioritize them using the eigenvector method. The quantitative strategic analysis obtained from the decision support system should be used as a preliminary step in urban planning of future utility tunnel networks.